Bulletins

Informations sur la décision

Contenu de la décision

CONTENTS                                                                                                                                                                                       TABLE DES MATIÈRES

                                                                                                                                                     

Applications for leave to appeal                                                                                  1052 - 1053                                         Demandes d'autorisation d'appels

filed                                                                                                                                                                                                        déposées

 

Applications for leave submitted                                                                                 1054 - 1062                                         Demandes soumises à la Cour depuis la

to Court since last issue                                                                                                                                                                  dernière parution

 

Oral hearing ordered                                                                                                          -                              Audience ordonnée

 

Oral hearing on applications for                                                                                -                                 Audience sur les demandes d'autorisation

leave                                                                                                                                                                                                  

 

Judgments on applications for                                                                                   1063 - 1065                                         Jugements rendus sur les demandes

leave                                                                                                                                                                                                     d'autorisation

 

Motions                                                                                                                                1066 - 1068                                         Requêtes

 

Notices of appeal filed since last                                                                               1069                                  Avis d'appel déposés depuis la dernière

issue                                                                                                                                                                           parution

 

Notices of intervention filed since                                                                                  1070                                            Avis d'intervention déposés depuis la

last issue                                                                                                                                                                                              dernière parution

 

Notices of discontinuance filed since                                                                              -                                 Avis de désistement déposés depuis la

last issue                                                                                                                                                                                              dernière parution

 

Appeals heard since last issue and                                                                             1071 - 1073                                      Appels entendus depuis la dernière

disposition                                                                                                                                                                                           parution et résultat

 

Pronouncements of appeals reserved                                                                    1074 - 1076                                         Jugements rendus sur les appels en

délibéré

 

Headnotes of recent judgments                                                                                  1077 - 1110                                      Sommaires des arrêts récents

 

Weekly agenda                                                                                                                    1111                                  Ordre du jour de la semaine

 

Summaries of the cases                                                                                                      -                         Résumés des affaires

 

Cumulative Index ‑ Leave                                                                                             1112 - 1125                  Index cumulatif ‑ Autorisations

 

Cumulative Index ‑ Appeals                                                                                         1126 - 1129                                    Index cumulatif ‑ Appels

 

Appeals inscribed ‑ Session                                                                                                -                                 Appels inscrits ‑ Session

beginning                                                                                                                                                                  commençant le

 

Notices to the Profession and                                                                                            -                            Avis aux avocats et communiqué

Press Release                                                                                                                                                                                     de presse

 

Deadlines: Motions before the Court                                                                           1130                                            Délais: Requêtes devant la Cour

 

Deadlines: Appeals                                                                                                             1131                                         Délais: Appels

 

Judgments reported in S.C.R.                                                                                             -                                   Jugements publiés au R.C.S.



APPLICATIONS FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL FILED

 

DEMANDES D'AUTORISATION D'APPEL DÉPOSÉES


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           


Denis St. Gelais

Edward L. Greenspan, Q.C.

Greenspan, Rosenberg and Buhr

 

c. (24074)

 

The United States of America et al. (Qué.)

Min. de la Justice

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  27.5.1994

                                                                                                               

 

El-Sayeb Sobieh

 

v. (24184)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Sask.)

Murray Brown

A.G. of Saskatchewan

 

FILING DATE  8.6.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Minnie Pearl Wilder, executrix of the estate of Earl A. Wilder, deceased et al.

Barnim Kluge

 

v. (24186)

 

Davis & Co. (B.C.)

G. Bruce Butler

Harper Grey Easton

 

FILING DATE  31.5.1994

                                                                                                               

 

André Mercier

Jean Luc Desmarais

Caron, Côté, Paradis, Bibeau, Desmarais & Thériault

 

c. (24187)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Qué.)

Jean Lortie

Subs. du procureur général

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION 1.6.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Canadian Commercial Bank

Peter Downard

Fasken Campbell Godfrey

 

v. (24188)

 

Crawford, Smith & Swallow (Ont.)

Gordon Atlin, Q.C.

Atlin, Cohen, Armel

 

FILING DATE  27.5.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Vicki Winnie Wong

Neil R. Wilson

Gowling, Strathy & Henderson

 

v. (24189)

 

Louis A.T. Williams carrying on the practice of law under the firm and style of Louis A.T. Williams, Barrister and Solicitor (Alta.)

Elizabeth M. MacInnis

Weir Bowen

 

FILING DATE  3.6.1994

                                                                                                             

 

University of Alberta Non-Academic Staff Association

Simon Renouf

Pringle Renouf & Assoc.

 

v. (24190)

 

Board of Governors of the University of Alberta (Alta.)

Stephen D. Hillier, Q.C.

Field & Field Perraton

 

FILING DATE  2.6.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Faye Conrad et al.

Vince Calderhead

Nova Scotia Legal Aid

 

v. (24191)

 

The Municipality of the County of Halifax province of Nova Scotia (N.S.)

Jamie Campbell

Cox Downie

 

FILING DATE  6.6.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Gérald Bougie

Ivan Lerner

 

c. (24192)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.)

Jacques Pothier

Subs. du procureur général

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  3.6.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Workers' Compensation Board

E. Neil McKelvey, Q.C.

Stewart McKelvey Stirling Scales

 

v. (24193)

 

Marion I.E. Melanson (N.B.)

Jacob J. van der Laan

Gorman Nason Ljungstrom

 

FILING DATE  7.6.1994


                                                                                                               

 

Red River Valley Mutual Insurance Co.

Hill & Abra

 

v. (24194)

 

Sharon McMurachy et al. (Man.)

Norm Cuddy

Wolch, Pinx, Tapper, Scurfield

 

FILING DATE  10.6.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Antonio Flamand et al.

Gratien Boily

Guy Bertrand & Assoc.

 

c. (24196)

 

Corporation des religieuses de Jésus-Marie et al. (Qué.)

Michel C. Chabot

Aubut, Chabot

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  13.6.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Canadian Human Rights Commission

William F. Pentney

C.H.R.C.

 

v. (24197)

 

Attorney General of Canada (F.C.A.)(Man.)

A.G. of Canada

 

FILING DATE  13.6.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Ronald Taylor

 

v. (24185)

 

Metropolitan Toronto Housing Authority (Ont.)

Andrew C. Grieve

 

FILING DATE  14.6.1994

                                                                                                               

 

 


 




APPLICATIONS FOR LEAVE 

SUBMITTED TO COURT SINCE LAST ISSUE

 

REQUÊTES SOUMISES À LA COUR DEPUIS LA DERNIÈRE PARUTION


 

                                                                                                                                               JUNE 17, 1994 / LE 17 JUIN 1994

 

CORAM:  CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER AND CORY AND IACOBUCCI JJ. /

LE JUGE EN CHEF LAMER ET LES JUGES CORY ET IACOBUCCI

 

                                                                                                                                           Sa Majesté la Reine

 

                                                                                                                                                     c. (24154)

 

                                                                                                                            Suzanne Thibaudeau (C.A.F.)(Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  - Droit fiscal - Droit de la famille - Divorce - Législation - Interprétation - Aliments - Évaluation - Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu, S.C. 170-71-72, c. 63, art. 56(1)b) - Droit à l'égalité garanti à l'article 15  de la Charte  - Discrimination - Inclusion dans le revenu du contribuable de la pension alimentaire reçue pour le bénéfice exclusif des enfants issus du mariage - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en statuant que l'alinéa 56(1)b) de la Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu allait à l'encontre de la Charte ? - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en se limitant au libellé de l'alinéa 56(1)b) sans égard au contexte général dans lequel cette disposition s'inscrit? -La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en statuant que l'alinéa 56(1)b) de la Loi crée à l'égard des parents séparés qui ont la garde de leurs enfants une inégalité qui est discriminatoire? - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en statuant que l'alinéa 56(1)b) opère une différence de traitement impliquant des motifs analogues aux motifs de discrimination énumérés à l'article 15  de la Charte ? - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en statuant que le système dans lequel s'inscrit la disposition contestée ne satisfait pas aux critères de l'atteinte minimale et de proportionnalité de l'article 1  de la Charte ?  - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en refusant de prononcer l'invalidité de l'aliéna 60b) de la Loi? -La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en refusant de suspendre les effets de son jugement?

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 


Le 25 août 1992

Cour canadienne de l'impôt (Garon j.c.c.i.)

 

Appel de la cotisation établie en vertu de la Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu rejeté

 

 

 


Le 3 mai 1994

Cour d'appel fédérale

(Pratte, Hugessen et Létourneau [dissident] jj.c.a.)

 

Demande de contrôle judiciaire accueillie: annulation de la décision de la Cour de première instance et renvoi de l'affaire pour nouvelle décision

 


Le 27 mai 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demandes d'autorisation d'appel et de sursis déposées

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


JUNE 21, 1994 / LE 21 JUIN 1994

 

CORAM:  CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER AND CORY AND IACOBUCCI JJ. /

LE JUGE EN CHEF LAMER ET LES JUGES CORY ET IACOBUCCI

 

                                                                                                                                             Denis St. Gelais

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24074)

 

                                                                                                                               The United States of America

                                                                                                                                                          and

                                                                                                           The Attorney General of Canada (Crim.)(Qué.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Extradition - Criminal law - Statutes - Interpretation - Judicial review - Test for judicial review of the decision of the extradition judge - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in concluding that the appropriate standard of review of a committal for extradition, pursuant to section 19.6(a)(i) of the Extradition Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. E-23 as amended, is not the same as the standard of review which is applied to an appeal from a directed verdict - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in precluding the Appellant from raising an argument as to the constitutional validity of section 18(1)(b) of the Extradition Act which was not included in the Applicant's factum - Whether the evidentiary standard set by section 18(1)(b) of the Extradition Act violates sections 7  and 15  of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms .

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


July 8, 1993

Superior Court of Québec (Barrette-Joncas, S.C.J.)

 

Applicant committed for extradition

 

 

 

March 30, 1994

Court of Appeal of Québec (Mailhot, Otis and Chamberland, JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

May 27, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                                Pasquale Zito

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24172)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Evidence - Food and drugs - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the guilty verdict, based upon the testimony of a police agent, was not unreasonable - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that such an contingent fee agreement between the police and its agent did not constitute an abuse of process.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


June 26, 1992

Ontario Court (General Division) (Ewaschuk J.)

 

Conviction:  2 counts of trafficking in heroin contrary to s. 4(1) of the Narcotic Control Act

 

 

 

April 20, 1994

Court of Appeal for Ontario (Griffiths, Labrosse and Doherty JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

May 25, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

Christopher Adam Baker, Suzanne Bradfield, Yvonne Kato, Robert Light,

Robert Maher, Faith Moosand, Andrew Swain, John Vedova, Guy Wera,

Michael Woolsey and Sheila Simpson et al.

 

and

 

Betty Shiver Krawczyk and Marcelle Bodman and George Harris

and Jonathan Pulker

 

 

v. (24171)

 

MacMillan Bloedel Limited (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Procedural law - Pre-trial procedure -Offenses - Interpretation - Evidence - Defence - Applicants arrested for disobeying injunction aimed to prevent interference with Respondent's rights to harvest timber in Clayoquot Sound - Did courts err in failing to grant an adjournment to allow the Applicants to prepare their defence? - Did lower Courts misdirect themselves as to the mens rea of criminal contempt? - Whether error in refusal to grant the Applicants a trial by jury -  Whether defence of necessity and related defence of justification were applicable - Whether the Courts erred in their interpretation of the jurisdiction of Youth Courts under the Young Offenders' Act.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


October 5, 1993

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Bouck J.)

 

Conviction: criminal contempt

 

 

 

March 28, 1994

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(McEachern C.J.A., Macfarlane and Wood JJ.A.)

 

Appeals against conviction dismissed

 

 

 

May 27, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  LA FOREST, SOPINKA AND MAJOR JJ. /

LES JUGES LA FOREST, SOPINKA ET MAJOR

 

                                                                                                                                          William R. Phillips

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24139)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 


Taxation - Assessment - Statutes - Interpretation  - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in deciding that the payment received by the Applicant from his employer to partially reimburse him for housing costs incurred in moving as a result of his job being transferred was in respect of an office or employment - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in deciding that the payment received by the Applicant was a "benefit" within the meaning of paragraph 6(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act (Canada) R.S.C., 5th Supp., c. 1 as amended.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


January 25, 1990

Tax Court of Canada (Mogan J.)

 

Appeal from minister's reassessment allowed:  monies received in connection with relocation not to be included in income

 

 

 

May 6, 1993

Federal Court of Appeal, Trial Division

(Jerome A.C.J.)

 

Respondent's appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 14, 1994

Federal Court of Appeal

(Stone, Linden and Robertson JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed:  trial judgment set aside and minister's reassessment for 1987 restored

 

 

 

May 11, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                    LRSCO Investments Ltd.

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24166)

 

                                                                                                                               Royal Bank of Canada (Alta.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Commercial law - Banks/banking operations - Contracts - Creditor & Debtor - Estoppel - Loan -Res judicata - Abuse of process - Debenture - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in striking out the Applicant's pleadings as res judicata - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to properly interpret and apply the debenture as it was agreed to between the parties, and particularly by not finding that the terms of the debenture precluded the Applicant from opposing the Respondent's receivership application by set-off or cross-claim, and reserve to the Applicant the right to bring its claim by separate action - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in concluding that the interlocutory order declaring the Respondent entitled to a receiver was a final judgment which estopped the Applicant from later raising any issue relating to the Respondent's prior breach and repudiation of the leading/participation agreement entered into between the parties.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY


 

May 4, 1983

Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta

(Master Alberstat)

 

Order:  security under debenture enforceable and monies secured thereunder payable; receiver/manager appointed

 

 

 

August 25, 1992

Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta (Moshansky J.)

 

Order:  cause of action is not barred as res judicata or an abuse of process

 

 

 

March 29, 1994

Court of Appeal of Alberta

(Kerans, McFadyen and Montgomery JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed:  pleadings are struck out

 

 

 

 

May 20, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                               Norman Olson

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24176)

 

                                                                                                        Antonio Gullo, Jr., as administrator of the Estate of


                                                                                       Antonio Gullo, Sr., deceased and Gullo Enterprises Limited (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Property law - Commercial - Estates - Trusts and trustees - Partnerships - Whether the judgment of the Court of Appeal undermines the fiduciary duty as an underpinning of partnership and trust relationships - Whether the judgment of the Court of Appeal fails to recognize and diverts from the trend established as to remedies for breach of fiduciary duty - Whether the judgment of the Court of Appeal results in a groundless and inappropriate distinction between remedies for breach of fiduciary duty in non-partnership, as opposed to partnership, contexts - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in its strict reliance on principles of partnership law, without incorporating principles applicable to breach of fiduciary duty - Judgment of the Court of Appeal in conflict with previous decision in Lavigne v. Robern (1984), 51 O.R. (2nd) 60 (C.A.).

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


August 28, 1992

Ontario Court of Justice (General Division)

(Boland J.)

 

Action in damages allowed

 

 

 

March 28, 1994

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Morden A.C.J.O., Griffiths and Carthy JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed

 

 

 


May 27, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed


 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                       The Opetchesaht, an Indian Band; Danny Watts, suing on his own

                                                                                              behalf and on behalf of all the members of the Opetchesaht

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24161)

 

                                                                                                            Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada and

                                                                                                       British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Indians - Statutes - Interpretation - Whether s. 28(2) of the Indian Act , R.S.C. 1985, c. I-5 , authorizes the Minister, with the consent of the council of the band, to alienate an interest in reserve land for an indefinite time for the purpose of an electric power transmission line right of way.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



February 1, 1993

Supreme Court of British Columbia

(Lander J.)

 

Permit authorizing a right of way for an indefinite period of time not authorized by s. 28(2)  of the Indian Act 

 

 

 

March 21, 1994

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Taylor, Wood and Rowles JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed

 

 

 

May 18, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER AND McLACHLIN JJ. /

LES JUGES L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER ET McLACHLIN

 

                                                                                                                                                Lucille Dubé

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (24136)

 

                                                                                                                               Nathaniel H. Salomon (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Procédure - Procédure civile - Actions - Prescription - Moyens préliminaires - Action en dommages-intérêts intentée par la demanderesse contre l'intimé - Requête en irrecevabilité présentée par l'intimé en vertu de l'art. 165 alinéa 4 du Code de procédure civile, L.R.Q. 1977, ch. C-25 - Intimé demandant le rejet de l'action au motif qu'elle n'est pas fondée en droit puisque prescrite - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en concluant que le juge de première instance avait raison d'accueillir la requête en irrecevabilité?

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 19 avril 1989

Cour supérieure du Québec

(Lesyk j.c.s.)

 

Requête en irrecevabilité accueillie

 

 

 

Le 25 mars 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec

(McCarthy, Proulx et Delisle jj.c.a.)

 

Pourvoi rejeté

 

 

 

Le 16 mai 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                  Suzanne Timmens Lacoste

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (24167)

 

                                                                                                                            Société Nationale d'Assurances

 

                                                                                                                                                            et

 

                                                                                                                               D.K. Automobiles Inc. (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit administratif - Contrôle judiciaire - Droit commercial - Assurance - Application de l'article 2478 du Code civil du Bas-Canada - Pouvoir d'intervention de la Cour d'appel - Le juge de la Cour supérieure a-t-il commis une erreur manifeste et dominante permettant l'intervention de la Cour d'appel? - Les juges de la Cour d'appel avaient-ils des motifs d'intervention sur les questions de fait?

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 13 juillet 1989

Cour supérieure du Québec (Johnson J.C.S.)

 

Action de la demanderesse en garantie accueillie

 

 

 

Le 29 mars 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec

(Beauregard, Gendreau et Deschamps, JJ.A.)

 

Appel accueilli

 

 

 

Le 30 mai 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                          Antonio Di Rubbo, faisant affaires sous les nom et raison sociale

                                                                                                                             de AVANTI DE CASINO PALACE

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (24181)

 

                                                                                                         Corporation municipale de Dollard-des-Ormeaux

 

ENTRE:

                                                                                                                                Amusements Pinocchio Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                            c.

 

                                                                                                 Corporation municipale de Dollard-des-Ormeaux (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit municipal - Municipalités - Droit administratif - Législation - Textes réglementaires - Interprétation - Les demanderesses bénéficient-elles d'un droit acquis aux heures d'affaires durant lesquelles elles opéraient leur commerce avant l'adoption par la ville intimée du règlement 87-779 qui porte sur les heures d'ouverture des salles d'amusement? - Le règlement 87-779 a-t-il l'effet d'une expropriation sans indemnisation? - Articles 410.1o et 460.3o de la Loi sur les cités et villes, L.R.Q. 1977, ch. C-19.

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 6 juin 1988

Cour supérieure du Québec (Martineau j.c.s.)

 

Requêtes visant à faire déclarer inopérants et nuls les articles 2 et 3 du règlement 87-779 de la ville intimée accueillies

 

 

 

Le 28 mars 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec (Mailhot, Tourigny et Chamberland jj.c.a.)

 

Pourvois accueillis

 

 

 

Le 27 mai 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                                 Briton Amos

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24164)

 

                                                                                                         Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Commercial law - Procedural law - Statutes - Insurance - Interpretation - Evidence - Applicant applying for a declaration that he was entitled to Part VII benefits under the Revised Regulation (1984) to the Insurance (Motor Vehicle) Act, R.S.B.C. 1979, c. 204 - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in adopting a "causal connection" test in interpreting s. 79(1) of the Revised Regulation (1984) made pursuant to the Insurance (Motor Vehicle) Act - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in disregarding or failing to appreciate the uncontradicted evidence of the Applicant.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



February 5, 1993

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Hardinge J.)

 

Application for declaration of entitlement to Part VII benefits dismissed

 

 

 

March 28, 1994

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Gibbs, Prowse and Ryan JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

May 20, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



JUDGMENTS ON APPLICATIONS

FOR LEAVE

 

JUGEMENTS RENDUS SUR LES DEMANDES D'AUTORISATION


 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

JUNE 23, 1994 / LE 23 JUIN 1994

 

24054            EMPLOYERS INSURANCE OF WAUSAU, A MUTUAL COMPANY v. JOSEPH JOHN BURNS, JOSEPH BURNS, ROMA BURNS AND JOEL FREEDMAN (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Insurance - Evidence - Release in favour of a tortfeasor relating to all claims arising out of a motor vehicle accident - Motion to rectify the release - S.E.F. 42 underinsured endorsement -Does the evidence support the Court of Appeal's decision to rectify the release by providing that the plaintiffs intended to release the tortfeasor and his insurer from liability to the extent of $1,000,000 only and that the plaintiffs intended the claims against the Applicant not to be barred by the execution of the release?

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

 

23845            FRANKLIN HUNT v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Man.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Procedural law - Appeals - Trial - Evidence - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in that the trial judge's conviction of the Applicant was contrary to law and the weight of the evidence - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in ruling that the trial judge's conviction of the Applicant was reasonable and supported by the evidence - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in ruling that the trial judge properly found that the Respondent had established its case beyond a reasonable doubt.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

24061            GEOFFREY JOHN MANGION v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Alta.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Evidence - S. 10(b) right to counsel -Demand for breath sample pursuant to s. 254(2)  of the Criminal Code  - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in holding that a peace officer is entitled to make a demand for a screening test pursuant to s. 254(2)  of the Criminal Code  even though he is of the opinion that the suspect was neither operating nor in care and control of a motor vehicle at the time of the demand - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in holding that the Applicant was not entitled to be afforded his s. 10(b)  Charter  rights when he was detained for the purposes of submitting to a screening test at a time when he was neither in care and control nor operating a motor vehicle.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


24154            SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE c. SUZANNE THIBAUDEAU (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Le Juge en chef et les juges Cory et Iacobucci

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est accordée.

 

The application for leave to appeal is granted.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  - Droit fiscal - Droit de la famille - Divorce - Législation - Interprétation - Aliments - Évaluation - Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu, S.C. 170-71-72, c. 63, art. 56(1)b) - Droit à l'égalité garanti à l'article 15  de la Charte  - Discrimination - Inclusion dans le revenu du contribuable de la pension alimentaire reçue pour le bénéfice exclusif des enfants issus du mariage - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en statuant que l'alinéa 56(1)b) de la Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu allait à l'encontre de la Charte ? - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en se limitant au libellé de l'alinéa 56(1)b) sans égard au contexte général dans lequel cette disposition s'inscrit? -La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en statuant que l'alinéa 56(1)b) de la Loi crée à l'égard des parents séparés qui ont la garde de leurs enfants une inégalité qui est discriminatoire? - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en statuant que l'alinéa 56(1)b) opère une différence de traitement impliquant des motifs analogues aux motifs de discrimination énumérés à l'article 15  de la Charte ? - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en statuant que le système dans lequel s'inscrit la disposition contestée ne satisfait pas aux critères de l'atteinte minimale et de proportionnalité de l'article 1  de la Charte ?  - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en refusant de prononcer l'invalidité de l'aliéna 60b) de la Loi? -La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en refusant de suspendre les effets de son jugement?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

24082            GUILLAUME KIBALE c. SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE (Ont.)(C.A.F.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel ainsi que toutes autres requêtes accessoires sont rejetées avec dépens.

 

The application for leave to appeal as well as all related motions are dismissed with costs.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Responsabilité civile - Dommages-intérêts - Procédures - Prescription - Naissance de la cause d'action - Action en responsabilité en application de la Loi sur la responsabilité de la Couronne, S.R.C. 1970, ch. C-38 - Concours - Principe du mérite - Le demandeur se classe premier à la suite d'un examen visant à combler un poste d'économiste-analyste stratégique au ministère fédéral des Transports - Au moment de l'examen, il apprend que le concours vise également à combler deux autres postes à la direction de la planification des systèmes du ministère - À la suite d'une entrevue, aucun candidat n'est retenu pour le poste d'analyste et le demandeur ne s'est pas classé pour les deux autres postes - Le demandeur intente divers recours devant divers forums dont une action en responsabilité pour omission de l'intimée de le nommer à l'un des postes visés par le concours - Action rejetée en Section de première instance et en Cour d'appel fédérale - La Cour d'appel fédérale a-t-elle commis une erreur?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      



MOTIONS

 

REQUÊTES


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          17.6.1994

 

CORAM:      Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 



Show cause

 

Lorne Douglas Blenner-Hassett

 

   v. (23923)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

Audience de justification

 

Henry S. Brown, Q.C., for the motion.

 

 

 

Jennifer MacKinnon, contra.

 

 

 


APPEAL DEEMED NOT ABANDONED and both appeal (Piluke and Hassett) to be  heard during the winter session of 1995.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

16.6.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion to extend the time for leave to intervene and for leave to intervene

 

BY/PAR:       Canadian Human Rights Commission

 

IN/DANS:    James Egan et al.

 

v. (23636)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai pour la demande d'autorisation et demande d'autorisation d'intervention

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

20.6.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to file an application for leave

 

Public Trustee for B.C.

 

    v. (24152)

 

Sidney Elizabeth Russ et al. (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai pour déposer une demande d'autorisation

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to August 12, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

21.6.1994

 

Before / Devant:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file an application for leave

 

Minnie Pearl Wilder et al.

 

   v. (24186)

 

Davis & Co. (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de dépôt de la demande d'autorisation

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to June 1, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

21.6.1994

 

Before / Devant:  CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion for directions as to whether or not it is necessary to state a constitutional question

 

Lawrence Hibbert

 

   v. (23815)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête en vue d'obtenir des directives quant à savoir s'il est nécessaire ou non de formuler une question constitutionnelle

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


THERE IS NO NEED TO STATE A CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTION

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

21.6.1994

 

Before / Devant:  CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Donald Lawrence Trotchie

 

   v. (23987)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Sask.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE on condition that the appeal be ready to be heard in the Fall term.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

21.6.1994

 

Before / Devant:  CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion to extend the time in which to file case on appeal and factum

 

Donald Lawrence Trotchie

 

   v. (23987)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Sask.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai pour déposer le dossier et le mémoire

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

21.6.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to file the case on appeal and factum

 

RJR-MacDonald Inc.

 

   v. (23460)

 

Attorney General of Canada (Qué.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai pour déposer le dossier et le mémoire

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

21.6.1994

 

Before / Devant:  LE REGISTRAIRE

 



Requête en prorogation du délai pour produire le dossier conjoint

 

Camille Huot

 

   c. (23849)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Qué.)

 

Motion to extend the time in which to file the case on appeal

 

Avec le consentement des parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


ACCORDÉE / GRANTED  Délai prorogé au 2 juin 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       



NOTICES OF APPEAL FILED SINCE LAST ISSUE

 

AVIS D'APPEL DÉPOSÉS DEPUIS LA DERNIÈRE PARUTION


                                                                                                                                              


17.6.1994

 

Her Majesty The Queen

 

   v. (24027)

 

C.A.M. (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

                                                                                                               

 

16.6.1994

 

NOTICE OF CROSS-APPEAL

 

Mayfield Investments Ltd. operating as the Mayfield Inn

 

   v. (23739)

 

Gillian Stewart et al. (Alta.)

 

                                                                                                               

 

21.6.1994

 

Milk Board

 

   v. (23927)

 

Ronald Grisnich et al. (B.C.)

 

                                                                                                               

 

22.6.1994

 

David Goddard

 

   v. (24200)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

AS OF RIGHT

 

                                                                                                               

 


 




NOTICES  OF  INTERVENTION FILED SINCE LAST ISSUE

 

AVIS D'INTERVENTION DÉPOSÉS DEPUIS LA DERNIÈRE PARUTION


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 

BY/PAR:       Attorney General of Alberta

 

IN/DANS:    Canadian Pacific Ltd.

 

v. (23721)

 

Her Majesty The Queen in right of Ontario (Ont.)

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

BY/PAR:       Attorney General for Ontario

Attorney General of Alberta

 

IN/DANS:    The Tseshaht, an Indian Band et al.

 

v. (23234)

 

Her Majesty The Queen in right of the province of British Columbia (B.C.)

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

BY/PAR:       Smith Carter Partners

 

IN/DANS:    Winnipeg Condominium Corporation No. 36

 

v. (23624)

 

Bird Construction Co. Ltd. (Man.)

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       



APPEALS HEARD SINCE LAST ISSUE AND DISPOSITION

 

APPELS ENTENDUS DEPUIS LA DERNIÈRE PARUTION ET RÉSULTAT


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

15.6.1994

 

CORAM:      Chief Justice Lamer and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 



Her Majesty The Queen

 

   v. (23675)

 

Jerry Andrew Godin (Crim.)(N.B.)

 

D. Bennett MacDonald, for the appellant.

 

 

 

Gordon W. Kierstead, for Amicus Curiae.

 

 

 


THE CHIEF JUSTICE -- Mr. Kierstead, you gave it all you could and nevertheless we are ready to hand down judgment now and I call upon our colleague Justice Cory to give the reasons of our judgment and the reasons of the Court.

 

LE JUGE EN CHEF -- Maître Kierstead, vous avez fait tout ce que vous pouviez, mais nous sommes néanmoins prêts à rendre jugement séance tenante et je demande à mon collègue le juge Cory de rendre notre jugement et d'exposer les motifs de la Cour.

 

 

 

CORY J. (orally for the Court) -- The mens rea required for s. 268(1)  of the Criminal Code , R.S.C., 1985, c. C‑46 , is objective foresight of bodily harm.  It is not necessary that there be an intent to wound or maim or disfigure.  The section pertains to an assault that has the consequences of wounding, maiming or disfiguring.  This result flows from the decisions of the Court in R. v. DeSousa, [1992] 2 S.C.R. 944, and R. v. Creighton, [1993] 3 S.C.R. 3.

 

LE JUGE CORY (oralement au nom de la Cour) -- La mens rea requise aux fins du par. 268(1)  du Code criminel , L.R.C. (1985), ch. C-46 , est la prévision objective de lésions corporelles.  Il n'est pas nécessaire qu'il y ait eu intention de blesser, mutiler ou défigurer.  Le paragraphe se rapporte à des voies de fait qui ont pour conséquence de blesser, mutiler ou défigurer.  Cela découle des décisions des arrête R. c. DeSousa, [1992] 2 R.C.S. 944, et R. c. Creighton, [1993] 3 R.C.S. 3, de notre Cour.

 

 

 

Further, although the trial judge erred with regard to the requisite intent required for the section, the error benefitted the respondent in that it was more onerous than required.

 

En outre, même si le juge du procès a commis une erreur en ce qui concerne l'intention requise aux fins de cette disposition, c'est l'intimé qui en a bénéficié du fait que l'intention qu'il fallait alors prouver imposait une charge plus lourde que ce qui est requis.

 

 

 

We respectfully disagree with the majority of the Court of Appeal (1993), 135 N.B.R. (2d) 183, regarding the issue of the burden of proof.  The trial judge merely placed an evidentiary burden on the respondent.  The ultimate burden remained on the appellant throughout.  The trial judge carefully reviewed the evidence and properly concluded that the appellant should be convicted.

 

En toute déférence, nous ne sommes pas d'accord avec la Cour d'appel à la majorité (1993), 135 R.N.-B. (2d) 183, en ce qui concerne la charge de la preuve.  Le juge du procès n'a fait qu'imposer une charge de présentation à l'intimé.  La charge ultime a toujours incombé à l'appelante.  Le juge du procès a examiné la preuve avec soin et a conclu à bon droit que l'appelant devait être reconnu coupable.

 

 

 


The appeal is therefore allowed.  The order of the Court of Appeal is set aside and the conviction is restored.

 

Par conséquent, le pourvoi est accueilli, l'ordonnance de la Cour d'appel est annulée et la déclaration de culpabilité est rétablie.

 

 

 


 

17.6.1994

 

CORAM:      Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 


Roger Jan Richer

 

   v. (23812)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.)

 

Noel C. O'Brien, Q.C., for the appellant.

 

 

 

Ken Tjosvold, for the respondent.

 

 

 



SOPINKA J. (Orally) -- Mr. O'Brien, thank you for a very able and fair argument but we have a tough case and we are not persuaded.

 

 

 

 

 

LE JUGE SOPINKA (oralement) -- Merci Me O'Brien pour une argumentation très compétente et très équitable, mais il s'agit d'un cas difficile et nous ne sommes pas convaincus.           Mr. Tjosvold, it will not be necessary to hear from you.  We are are ready to hand down judgment and Mr. Justice Major will give the judgment for the Court.

 

Me Tjosvold, il ne sera pas nécessaire de vous entendre.  Nous somme prêts à rendre jugement séance tenante, lequel sera prononcé par M. le juge Major.

 

 

 

MAJOR J. -- This is an appeal as of right from a decision of the Alberta Court of Appeal delivered on June 24, 1993.

 

LE JUGE MAJOR -- Il s'agit d'un pourvoi de plein droit contre un jugement de la Cour d'appel de l'Alberta rendu le 24 juin 1993.

 

 

 

We agree with the majority of the Court of Appeal that the charge to the jury read in its entirety did not contain errors, the effect of which would have misdirected the jury.

 

À l'instar de la Cour d'appel à la majorité, nous sommes d'avis que l'exposé au jury, pris dans son ensemble, ne comportait pas d'erreur ayant pour effet qu'il aurait reçu des directives erronées.

 

 

 

There was evidence upon which a jury properly instructed, acting reasonably, could come to the conclusion they did.

 

Il y avait des éléments de preuve qui permettaient à un jury ayant reçu des directives appropriées et agissant raisonnablement de parvenir à la conclusion à laquelle le jury est parvenu.

 

 

 


In the result the appeal is dismissed.

 

En conséquence, le pourvoi est rejeté.

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       


17.6.1994

 

CORAM:      Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 


Daniel Boersma et al.

 

   v. (23889)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

L. Peter Jensen, for the appellants.

 

 

 

S. David Frankel, Q.C., for the respondent.


 

 

SOPINKA J. -- Mr. Frankel it will not be necessary to hear from you.  The Court is ready to give judgment and Iacobucci J. will give the judgment of the Court.

 

 

 

LE JUGE SOPINKA -- Il ne sera pas nécessaire de vous entendre Me Frankel.  La Cour est prête à rendre jugement, lequel sera prononcé par le juge Iacobucci.

 

 

 

IACOBUCCI J. -- This appeal comes to us as of right.  The appellants were charged with the possession and cultivation of marihuana on what was Crown land.  The plants were being cultivated in plain sight and were observed by police officers walking by on a dirt road.  In these circumstances, we agree with Lambert J.A. of the British Columbia Court of Appeal that the appellants had no reasonable expectation of privacy with respect to the area on which marihuana was being cultivated and were thus not entitled to the protection of s. 8  of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms .  Accordingly the appeal is dismissed.

 

LE JUGE IACOBUCCI -- Le présent pourvoi est formé de plein droit.  Les appelants ont été accusés de possession et de culture de marijuana sur ce qui était une terre de la Couronne.  Les plants étaient cultivés à la vue de tous et ont été aperçus par des policiers qui marchaient sur un chemin de terre.  Dans ces circonstances, nous sommes d'accord avec le juge Lambert de la Cour d'appel de la Colombie-Britannique pour dire que les appelants n'avaient aucune attente raisonnable en matière de vie privée pour ce qui est du secteur où la marijuana était cultivée et qu'ils n'avaient donc pas droit à la protection de l'art. 8  de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés .  En conséquence, le pourvoi est rejeté.

 

 

 


 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



PRONOUNCEMENTS OF APPEALS    RESERVED 

 

Reasons for judgment are available

 

JUGEMENTS RENDUS SUR LES APPELS EN DÉLIBÉRÉ

 

Les motifs de jugement sont disponibles


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 

JUNE 23, 1994 / LE 23 JUIN 1994

 

23690            DANS L'AFFAIRE DE l'article 53 de la Loi sur la Cour suprême; ET DANS L'AFFAIRE DES questions soumises par le gouverneur en conseil sur la compétence de la législature du Québec ou de la législature d'une province d'adopter une loi imposant une taxe similaire à la taxe sur les produits et services imposée par la Partie IX de la Loi sur la taxe d'accise , par le décret C.P. 1993-1740 en date du 26 août 1993  - et -  le Procureur général du Canada et le Procureur général du Québec.  (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Le Juge en chef et les juges La Forest,

L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major

 

Les questions constitutionnelles reçoivent les réponses suivantes:

 

1.  La législature du Québec est-elle compétente pour imposer, selon des modalités semblables à celles contenues au document produit en annexe, une taxe à l'égard de la fourniture d'un bien ou d'un service à un acquéreur qui le reçoit uniquement afin d'en effectuer à nouveau la fourniture, ou à l'égard de la fourniture d'un bien ou d'un service à un acquéreur qui le reçoit uniquement afin qu'il soit composant d'un autre bien ou d'un autre service dont il effectuera la fourniture, compte tenu notamment des modalités relatives au remboursement de la taxe sur les intrants?  Dans la négative, à quel égard ou à quels égards et dans quelle mesure?

 

Réponse:  Oui.

 

2.  La législature d'une province est-elle compétente pour adopter une loi visant à imposer une taxe, à l'intérieur de la province, similaire à la taxe sur les produits et services imposée par la partie IX de la Loi sur la taxe d'accise , L.R.C. (1985), ch. E-15 , amendée par L.C. (1990), ch. 45?  Dans la négative, à quel égard ou à quels égards et dans quelle mesure?

 

Réponse:  Oui.

 

The constitutional questions are answered as follows:

 

1.  Is it within the legislative authority of the Legislature of Quebec to impose, by way of provisions similar to those in the schedule attached hereto, a tax in respect of the supply of property or a service to a recipient who receives it for the sole purpose of making a new supply of it, or in respect of the supply of a property or a service to a recipient who receives it for the sole purpose of its becoming a component part of another property or service to be supplied by the recipient, particularly in view of the input tax refund provisions?  If not, in what particular or particulars and to what extent?

 

Answer:  Yes.

 

2.  Is it within the legislative authority of the Legislature of a Province to impose a tax within the province similar to the goods and services tax imposed pursuant to the Excise Tax Act , R.S.C. 1985, c. E-15 , Part IX, as amended by S.C. 1990, c. 45?  If not, in what particular or particulars and to what extent?

 

Answer:  Yes.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23188            SYNDICAT DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE CHAMPLAIN, JOSEPH KADOCH, LOUISE ELBRAZ et JACOB LAHMI c. COMMISSION SCOLAIRE RÉGIONALE DE CHAMBLY et MICHEL BERGEVIN, JACQUELINE HEHLEN et YVAN TURBIDE et COMMISSION DES DROITS DE LA PERSONNE DU QUÉBEC (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Le Juge en chef et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major                                                                         

 

Le pourvoi est accueilli, l'ordonnance de la Cour d'appel est annulée et la décision du tribunal d'arbitrage est rétablie.  Les appelants ont droit à leurs dépens dans toutes les cours.

 

The appeal is allowed, the order of the Court of Appeal is set aside and the award of the arbitration board is restored.  The appellants will have their costs throughout.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      


23107/23113                     THE SUPERINTENDENT OF BROKERS v. MURRAY PEZIM, LAWRENCE PAGE AND JOHN IVANY and THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, THE ONTARIO SECURITIES COMMISSION, THE ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION, THE SECURITIES DEALERS SOCIETY OF ONTARIO and between THE BRITISH COLUMBIA SECURITIES COMMISSION v. MURRAY PEZIM, LAWRENCE PAGE AND JOHN IVANY and THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, THE ONTARIO SECURITIES COMMISSION, THE ALBERTA SECURITIES COMMISSION, THE SECURITIES DEALERS SOCIETY OF ONTARIO (B.C.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and La Forest, Sopinka, Gonthier, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 

The appeals are allowed, the judgment of the British Columbia Court of Appeal is set aside and the orders of the British Columbia Securities Commission, dated December 17, 1990, are substituted therefor.  The appellants shall have their costs here and in the court below.

 

Les pourvois sont accueillis, l'arrêt de la Cour d'appel de la Colombie-Britannique est annulé et les ordonnances de la British Columbia Securities Commission du 17 décembre 1990 sont rétablies.  Les appellants ont droit aux dépens en notre Cour et en Cour d'appel.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23194            THE MARITIME LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY v. SASKATCHEWAN RIVER BUNGALOWS LTD. - and - CONNIE DOREEN FIKOWSKI (Alta.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier, Cory,

McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.         

 

The appeal is allowed with costs, the judgment of the Alberta Court of Appeal set aside and the judgment at trial restored.

 

Le pourvoi est accueilli avec dépens, l'arrêt de la Cour d'appel de l'Alberta est infirmé et le jugement rendu au procès est rétabli.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23608            HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. MATHEW OOMMEN (Crim.)(Alta.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier,

Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.                                                                                                                                                                                            

 

The appeal is dismissed and the order directing a new trial is confirmed.

 

L'appel est rejeté et l'ordonnance enjoignant de tenir un nouveau procès est confirmée.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23023/23097                     HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. IMRE FINTA and THE CANADIAN HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE ASSOCIATION, CANADIAN JEWISH CONGRESS, LEAGUE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS OF B'NAI BRITH CANADA, and INTERAMICUS (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé,

Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin and Major JJ.                  

 

The application for re-hearing is dismissed with costs, La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé and McLachlin JJ. dissenting.

 

La demande de nouvelle audition est rejetée avec dépens.  Les juges La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé et McLachlin sont dissidents.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

 

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT HAVE BEEN DELIVERED IN THE FOLLOWING APPEALS - LES MOTIFS DE JUGEMENT SONT DÉPOSÉS DANS LES APPELS SUIVANTS:

 


1.                     Le Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise, et al c. Jonathan Potash et entre Le Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise, et al c. Sélection Milton (Qué.)(23083)

(Hearing and judgment:  January 27, 1994; Reasons delivered:  June 23, 1994.

Audition et jugement:  27 janvier 1994; Motifs déposés:  23 juin 1994.)

 

 

2.                     David Roblin, et al v. Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.) (Ont.) - and between - Robert Wilson Rowbotham, et al v. Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)(23300/23302)

(Hearing and judgment:  December 8, 1993; Additional reasons delivered:  June 23, 1994. /

Audition et jugement:  8 décembre 1993; Motifs additionels déposés:  23 juin 1994.)

 



HEADNOTES OF RECENT

JUDGMENTS

 

SOMMAIRES DE JUGEMENTS

RÉCENTS


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Dans l'affaire d'un Renvoi relatif à la taxe de vente du Québec (Qué.)(23690)

Répertorié:  Renvoi relatif à la taxe de vente du Québec / Indexed as:  Reference re Quebec Sales Tax

Jugement rendu le 23 juin 1994 / Judgment rendered June 23, 1994

                                                                                                                                               Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major.

 

Droit constitutionnel ‑‑ Partage des pouvoirs législatifs ‑‑ Taxation ‑‑ Taxe de vente provinciale ‑‑ Modifications proposées visant à transformer la taxe de vente du Québec en une taxe semblable à la taxe fédérale sur les produits et services ‑‑ Les modifications proposées relèvent‑elles de la compétence législative de la province? ‑‑ Loi constitutionnelle de 1867, art. 92(2) .

 

Le gouverneur général en conseil a soumis à notre Cour deux questions concernant la constitutionnalité des modifications proposées à la taxe de vente du Québec (*TVQ+), qui visent à transformer la TVQ en une taxe qui, pour l'essentiel, serait semblable à la taxe fédérale sur les produits et services (*TPS+).  En vertu des modifications proposées, tout acquéreur d'une fourniture taxable doit payer une taxe égale à 8 pour 100 de la contrepartie de la fourniture.  Comme dans le cas de la TPS, l'acquéreur qui utilise le bien ou service pour la production d'autres fournitures taxables aura droit à un remboursement du gouvernement, d'un montant égal à la taxe initialement payée sur les intrants.  La taxe frappe les fournitures détaxées comme toute autre fourniture taxable, tout au long de la chaîne de production jusqu'au consommateur ultime, mais la taxe imposée au consommateur est fixée à *0 pour 100+ et les fournisseurs ont droit au remboursement de la taxe sur les intrants.  Contrairement au vendeur de fournitures détaxées, le vendeur d'une fourniture exonérée n'a pas droit au remboursement de la taxe sur les intrants.  La perception de la taxe relève de toute personne qui exerce une activité commerciale et effectue une fourniture taxable.  Les personnes qui perçoivent la taxe sont les mandataires du ministre du Revenu et doivent s'inscrire auprès du Ministre.  Les petits fournisseurs ‑‑ les personnes dont les revenus annuels sont inférieurs à 30 000 $ ‑‑ sont exemptés de l'obligation de s'inscrire et, en conséquence, de celle de percevoir la taxe.

 

Voici les deux questions soumises à notre Cour:

 

1.  La législature du Québec est‑elle compétente pour imposer, selon des modalités semblables à celles contenues au document produit en annexe, une taxe à l'égard de la fourniture d'un bien et ou d'un service à un acquéreur qui le reçoit uniquement afin d'en effectuer à nouveau la fourniture, ou à l'égard de la fourniture d'un bien ou d'un service à un acquéreur qui le reçoit uniquement afin qu'il soit composant d'un autre bien ou d'un autre service dont il effectuera la fourniture, compte tenu notamment des modalités relatives au remboursement de la taxe sur les intrants?  Dans la négative, à quel égard ou à quels égards et dans quelle mesure?

 

2.  La législature d'une province est‑elle compétente pour adopter une loi visant à imposer une taxe, à l'intérieur de la province, similaire à la taxe sur les produits et services imposée par la partie IX de la Loi sur la taxe d'accise , L.R.C. (1985), ch. E‑15 , modifiée par L.C. (1990), ch. 45?  Dans la négative, à quel égard ou à quels égards et dans quelle mesure?

 

Arrêt:  Les deux questions reçoivent une réponse affirmative.

 

La législature du Québec pourrait adopter la taxe proposée dans le respect du par. 92(2)  de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 .  Il ne s'agit pas, aux fins de la Constitution, d'une taxe indirecte du fait qu'elle est récupérée au moyen d'une série de prélèvements avant que le produit n'atteigne le consommateur final.  Exiger le paiement de la taxe à chaque étape de la chaîne de consommation constitue simplement un mode de perception de la taxe par versements.  Vu que la taxe initialement *payée+ est remboursée par le biais du remboursement de la taxe sur les intrants, aucune taxe n'est alors reportée sur autrui.  Puisque la personne qui paie la taxe en bout de ligne est celle qui devait en assumer le fardeau, il s'agit d'une taxe directe.  Même si les inscrits reporteront vraisemblablement sur les consommateurs les fardeaux administratifs qu'ils assument en leur qualité de percepteurs d'impôt, ces fardeaux ne sont pas des taxes.  La taxe proposée n'entraînera pas non plus la taxation de personnes à l'extérieur de la province par des moyens détournés.  Puisque la fourniture expédiée hors du Québec est une fourniture détaxée, aucune taxe n'est perçue auprès de la personne qui la reçoit et, pour sa part, l'inscrit effectuant la fourniture a droit à un remboursement de taxe sur les intrants correspondant à la taxe initialement payée.  L'effet général de la taxe ne saurait changer du simple fait qu'une personne ne se donne pas la peine de réclamer l'exemption et reporte ainsi la taxe sur les consommateurs dans d'autres provinces.

 


L'exemption prévue dans l'avant‑projet de loi pour les fournitures détaxées ne donne pas naissance à une taxe indirecte puisqu'elle reflète simplement l'application du régime général lorsque le taux de taxe est nul.  Le consommateur final d'une fourniture détaxée ne paie aucune taxe, alors que la personne qui fournit le produit ou le service a droit à un remboursement de la taxe sur les intrants relativement à toute taxe payée avant la fabrication de la fourniture détaxée.  Les fournitures exonérées sont similaires du fait que la personne qui les reçoit ne paie aucune taxe; cependant, les fournisseurs de fournitures exonérées n'ont généralement pas droit au remboursement de la taxe sur les intrants, d'où la possibilité qu'ils cherchent à recouvrer auprès du consommateur final le montant payé.  Toutefois, les fournitures exonérées qui sont énumérées étant à quelques exceptions près des services, pratiquement tous les intrants de ces fournitures doivent être *transformés+ avant leur revente.  Il sera donc impossible de reporter la taxe sur autrui avec le produit ou service en question.  Même s'il y aura évidemment des exceptions à cette qualification générale voulant que les services comportent nécessairement une transformation ou une consommation, cette exemption a pour effet général de créer une taxe directe compatible avec les impératifs constitutionnels reconnus dans les décisions antérieures.

 

L'exemption du petit fournisseur de l'obligation de s'inscrire auprès du ministre du Revenu et de percevoir la taxe pour le compte de celui‑ci aurait certes, prise isolément, l'effet de donner lieu à une taxe indirecte.  Le petit fournisseur est tenu de payer la taxe sur les produits qu'il achète et, à moins qu'il ne décide de s'inscrire et d'assumer les coûts administratifs incidents, il ne sera pas admissible au remboursement de la taxe sur les intrants et cherchera inévitablement à récupérer, auprès des consommateurs de ses produits, toute somme qu'il aura payée.  Ce fait ne modifie toutefois pas l'effet général de la taxe.  L'exemption reconnaît qu'il y a non-respect du régime fiscal par certains petits fournisseurs qui font face à des coûts administratifs prohibitifs.  Les statistiques sur la valeur des fournitures taxables effectuées par les petits fournisseurs par rapport à celle de la totalité des fournitures taxables démontrent que la position des petits fournisseurs est exceptionnelle dans l'ensemble du régime.  L'exemption est donc simplement un élément accessoire visant le bon fonctionnement de la taxe proposée.

 

RENVOI par le gouverneur général en conseil, conformément à l'art. 53 de la Loi sur la Cour suprême, concernant la constitutionnalité des modifications proposées à la taxe de vente du Québec.  Les deux questions reçoivent une réponse affirmative.

 

Jean‑Marc Aubry, c.r., James M. Mabbutt, c.r., et Marie‑Claude P. Larin, pour l'intervenant le procureur général du Canada.

 

Jean‑François Jobin et Monique Rousseau, pour l'intervenant le procureur général du Québec.

 

Wilfrid Lefebvre, c.r., et Patrice Marceau, pour l'amicus curiae.

 

Procureur de l'intervenant le procureur général du Canada:  John C. Tait, Ottawa.

 

Procureurs de l'intervenant le procureur général du Québec:  Monique Rousseau, Alain Gingras et Jean‑François Jobin, Québec.

 

Procureur nommé par la Cour en qualité d'amicus curiae:  Wilfrid Lefebvre, Montréal.

 

 

Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 

Constitutional law ‑‑ Distribution of legislative powers ‑‑ Taxation ‑‑ Provincial sales tax ‑‑ Proposed amendments to Quebec sales tax designed to transform it into tax similar to federal goods and services tax ‑‑ Whether proposed amendments within legislative authority of province ‑‑ Constitution Act, 1867, s. 92(2) .

 

The Governor General in Council referred to this Court two questions concerning the constitutional validity of proposed amendments to Quebec's sales tax ("QST") designed to transform the QST into a tax similar in all essential respects to the federal goods and services tax ("GST").  Under the proposed amendments, every purchaser of a taxable supply must pay a tax equal to 8 percent of the value of the consideration given for the supply.  As with the GST, a purchaser who uses the good or service in the production of other taxable supplies will be entitled to a refund from the government equal to the amount of tax initially paid on its inputs.  Zero‑rated supplies will be subject to the tax in the same way as any other taxable supply as they move through the production chain to the ultimate consumer, but the consumer will pay a tax set at 0 percent, and suppliers will be entitled to the input tax refund.  In contrast to zero‑rated supplies, the vendor of an exempt supply will not be entitled to the input tax refund.  The collection of the tax will be assured by every person engaged in commercial activities who makes a taxable supply.  The persons collecting the tax are agents of the Minister of Revenue and are required to be registered with the Minister.  Small suppliers ‑‑ those whose annual revenues are less than $30,000 ‑‑ will be exempted from the obligation to register and thus collect the tax.

 

The questions referred to this Court read as follows:

 

1.  Is it within the legislative authority of the Legislature of Quebec to impose, by way of provisions similar to those in the schedule attached hereto, a tax in respect of the supply of property or a service to a recipient who receives it for the sole purpose of making a new supply of it, or in respect of the supply of a property or a service to a recipient who receives it for the sole purpose of its becoming a component part of another property or service to be supplied by the recipient, particularly in view of the input tax refund provisions?  If not, in what particular or particulars and to what extent?

 


2.  Is it within the legislative authority of the Legislature of a Province to impose a tax within the province similar to the goods and services tax imposed pursuant to the Excise Tax Act , R.S.C., 1985, c. E‑15 , Part IX, as amended by S.C. 1990, c. 45?  If not, in what particular or particulars and to what extent?

 

Held:  Both questions should be answered in the affirmative.

 

The proposed tax could be validly adopted by the Quebec legislature pursuant to s. 92(2)  of the Constitution Act, 1867 .  The fact that the tax is recouped through a series of indemnifications before the good reaches the final consumer does not make it an indirect tax for constitutional purposes.  Imposing the tax at each level in the consumption chain is simply a method of tax collection by instalments.  The reimbursement of the tax initially "paid" through the mechanism of the input tax refund means that there is no tax to be passed on.  Since the person who ultimately pays the tax is the one intended to bear the burden, the tax is direct.  While registrants are likely to pass on to consumers the administrative burdens they bear as tax collectors, these burdens are not taxes.  Nor will the proposed tax result in taxation of persons outside the province by indirect means.  Since a supply shipped outside Quebec is identified as a zero‑rated supply, no tax is collected from the recipient and the registrant making the supply is eligible for an input tax refund corresponding to the tax initially paid.  The fact that someone might not bother claiming the exemption and would thereby pass on the tax to consumers in other provinces would not alter the general tendency of the tax.

 

The exemption in the draft legislation for zero‑rated supplies does not give rise to an indirect tax since it is simply an application of the general regime with a tax rate of zero.  The ultimate consumer of zero‑rated supplies pays no tax, while the person supplying the good or service is entitled to the input tax refund for any tax paid prior to making the zero‑rated supply.  Exempt supplies are similar in that the person receiving such supplies does not pay any tax, but the suppliers of exempt supplies are generally not entitled to the input tax refund, raising the possibility that they might seek to recover the amount paid from the ultimate consumer.  Since nearly all the exempt supplies enumerated are services, however, virtually all of their inputs must be "transformed" before they are resold.  It will therefore be impossible for the tax to be passed on with the good or service.  While there will clearly be exceptions to this general characterization of services as necessarily involving transformation or consumption, the general tendency of this exemption is to create a direct tax consistent with the constitutional imperatives recognized in earlier decisions.

 

The exemption of small suppliers from the obligation to register with the Minister of Revenue and collect the tax on the Minister's behalf would, standing alone, unquestionably have the effect of creating indirect taxation.  Small suppliers are required to pay the tax on the goods they purchase and unless they choose to register and incur the accompanying administrative costs, they will not be eligible for the input tax refund and will inevitably seek to recoup any money they pay from the consumers of their products.  This fact does not, however, alter the general tendency of the tax.  The exemption recognizes non‑compliance with the tax scheme by certain small suppliers who face prohibitive costs of administration.  The statistics relating to the importance of small suppliers in the total value of taxable supplies demonstrate that their position is exceptional in the overall scheme.  The exemption is thus simply an incidental element of the efficient administration of the proposed tax.

 

REFERENCE by the Governor General in Council, pursuant to s. 53 of the Supreme Court Act, concerning the constitutional validity of proposed amendments to Quebec's sales tax.  Both questions answered in the affirmative.

 

Jean‑Marc Aubry, Q.C., James M. Mabbutt, Q.C., and Marie‑Claude P. Larin, for the intervener the Attorney General of Canada.

 

Jean‑François Jobin and Monique Rousseau, for the intervener the Attorney General of Quebec.

 

Wilfrid Lefebvre, Q.C., and Patrice Marceau, for the amicus curiae.

 

Solicitor for the intervener the Attorney General of Canada:  John C. Tait, Ottawa.

 

Solicitors for the intervener the Attorney General of Quebec:  Monique Rousseau, Alain Gingras and Jean‑François Jobin, Québec.

 

Solicitor appointed by the Court as amicus curiae:  Wilfrid Lefebvre, Montréal.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


Le Syndicat de l'enseignement de Champlain, et al c. La Commission Scolaire Régionale de Chambly (Qué.)(23188)

Répertorié:  Commission scolaire régionale de Chambly c. Bergevin / Indexed as:  Commission scolaire régionale de Chambly v. Bergevin

Jugement rendu le 23 juin 1994 / Judgment rendered June 23, 1994

                                                                                                                                               Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major.

 

Libertés publiques ‑‑ Discrimination fondée sur la religion ‑‑ Emploi ‑‑ Enseignants de religion juive requis de travailler un jour de fête religieuse en raison du calendrier scolaire prévu dans la convention collective ‑‑ Enseignants de religion juive autorisés par la commission scolaire à prendre une journée de congé sans traitement ‑‑ Le calendrier scolaire a‑t‑il un effet discriminatoire sur les enseignants de religion juive? ‑‑ Dans l'affirmative, la commission scolaire a‑t‑elle pris des mesures raisonnables pour s'entendre avec les enseignants de religion juive?

 

Contrôle judiciaire ‑‑ Relations de travail ‑‑ Arbitrage ‑‑ Convention collective ‑‑ Enseignants de religion juive requis de travailler un jour de fête religieuse en raison du calendrier scolaire ‑‑ Enseignants de religion juive autorisés par la commission scolaire à prendre une journée de congé sans traitement ‑‑ Tribunal d'arbitrage concluant que le calendrier scolaire avait un effet discriminatoire sur les enseignants de religion juive et que la commission scolaire n'a pas pris des mesures raisonnables pour s'entendre avec eux ‑‑ Commission scolaire enjointe de payer les enseignants absents un jour de fête religieuse ‑‑ La décision du tribunal d'arbitrage est‑elle manifestement déraisonnable?

 

En 1985, trois enseignants de religion juive employés par la Commission scolaire intimée ont pris un jour de congé pour célébrer le Yom Kippour.  La Commission scolaire leur a permis de prendre un jour de congé sans traitement et le syndicat des enseignants a déposé un grief en vue d'obtenir le remboursement de ce jour de salaire.  Le calendrier scolaire, qui fait partie de la convention collective, établit l'horaire de travail des enseignants.  Le tribunal d'arbitrage à la majorité a statué que le calendrier scolaire exigeant des enseignants de religion juive qu'ils travaillent le jour du Yom Kippour avait un effet discriminatoire, et que la Commission scolaire n'avait pas pris des mesures raisonnables pour s'entendre avec ces enseignants de manière à leur permettre d'observer leur fête religieuse.  Le tribunal à la majorité a conclu que la Commission scolaire pouvait, conformément aux dispositions de la convention collective, payer les enseignants de religion juive qui s'étaient absentés le jour du Yom Kippour, et il a accueilli le grief.  La Cour supérieure a rejeté la requête en évocation de la Commission scolaire, mais la Cour d'appel à la majorité a infirmé cette décision et annulé la sentence arbitrale pour le motif qu'elle était déraisonnable.

 

Arrêt:  Le pourvoi est accueilli.

 

Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, Sopinka, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major:  Étant donné que le Code du travail du Québec renferme une clause privative, une décision dans laquelle le tribunal d'arbitrage interprète une convention collective et agit dans le cadre de sa compétence ne saurait faire l'objet d'un contrôle judiciaire, sauf si elle est manifestement déraisonnable.  En l'espèce, le calendrier scolaire, quoique neutre à première vue, avait pour effet d'établir une discrimination préjudiciable contre les enseignants de religion juive.  À cause de leurs croyances religieuses, ils doivent prendre une journée de congé et, en l'absence d'accommodement de la part de leur employeur, ils doivent perdre une journée de salaire pour observer leur jour de fête religieuse, alors que la majorité de leurs collègues ont leurs jours de fête religieuse reconnus comme jours de congé.  Il s'ensuit que le calendrier scolaire a pour effet de faire preuve de discrimination envers les membres d'un groupe identifiable à cause de ses croyances religieuses, et que l'employeur doit prendre des mesures raisonnables pour s'entendre avec l'employé ou le groupe d'employés qui est lésé.  Il n'y a pas lieu d'appliquer un critère *de minimis+ pour déterminer l'existence ou l'étendue de l'obligation d'accommodement.  Cette obligation est un aspect fondamentalement important des lois en matière de droits de la personne et une partie intégrante du droit à l'égalité en milieu de travail.  En permettant aux enseignants de religion juive de prendre un jour de congé sans traitement pour célébrer le Yom Kippour, la Commission scolaire ne s'est cependant pas acquittée du fardeau qui lui incombait de démontrer qu'elle a pris des mesures raisonnables pour s'entendre avec ces enseignants, sans que cela ne lui cause une contrainte excessive.  On n'a présenté aucune preuve que payer les enseignants absents le jour du Yom Kippour imposerait un fardeau financier déraisonnable à la Commission scolaire.  En fait, jusqu'en 1983, ces enseignants étaient rémunérés pour cette journée malgré leur absence.  En outre, on pourrait raisonnablement interpréter les dispositions de la convention collective comme prescrivant une telle mesure d'accommodement.  La convention collective prévoyait explicitement, à ses art. 5‑14.05 et 5‑14.02, la rémunération des enseignants absents pour un motif jugé valable par les parties et la rémunération de ceux qui s'absentent pendant un certain nombre de jours pour diverses raisons.  Selon une interprétation raisonnable, voire exacte, de la convention collective, l'observance d'une fête religieuse par les enseignants de religion juive devrait constituer un *motif valable+ d'absence et ces enseignants devraient avoir le droit d'être rémunérés pour cette journée.  Enfin, du fait qu'elle incorporait les dispositions de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec, la convention collective renforçait cette position en faisant ressortir que les principes d'égalité et de protection contre la discrimination fondée sur la religion guideraient les relations entre les parties.  La décision du tribunal d'arbitrage à la majorité est donc correcte et il y a lieu de la rétablir.  Vu cette conclusion, il est inutile d'examiner si le tribunal d'arbitrage doit interpréter correctement la Charte québécoise pour échapper au contrôle judiciaire.

 


Les juges Gonthier et L'Heureux‑Dubé:  Un arbitre chargé par le Code du travail de disposer des griefs relatifs à une convention collective, et dont la juridiction est protégée par une clause privative, ne commet pas d'excès de juridiction du seul fait qu'en disposant d'un grief, il applique la loi, en l'occurrence la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec.  Il ne faut pas confondre l'application d'une disposition claire et nullement contestée d'une loi, soit‑elle la Charte québécoise, avec son interprétation.  L'interprétation d'une loi se distingue également de l'application à une situation donnée des dispositions d'une convention collective, même si elle incorpore des garanties quant aux droits fondamentaux des employés qui se retrouvent dans la Charte québécoise.

 

Le seul débat que l'arbitre avait à trancher consistait à déterminer si, dans les présentes circonstances, la convention collective permettait un accommodement aux demandes des enseignants de religion juive et à quelles conditions, afin de se conformer aux dispositions antidiscriminatoires de la Charte québécoise.  Ce faisant, l'arbitre agissait à l'intérieur même de sa juridiction et, à moins que sa décision ne soit déraisonnable au point d'être irrationnelle, une cour de justice ne saurait intervenir.  En l'espèce, la décision de l'arbitre n'était pas déraisonnable et ne donnait pas ouverture à la révision judiciaire.  La convention collective laissait place à des accommodements raisonnables pour obvier aux inconvénients que pouvait causer aux enseignants de religion juive le fait d'avoir à travailler le jour du Yom Kippour.

 

POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel du Québec (1992), 48 Q.A.C. 34, qui a annulé la décision de la Cour supérieure* de refuser de délivrer un bref d'évocation à l'encontre de la décision d'un tribunal d'arbitrage.  Pourvoi accueilli.

 

Georges Marceau et Michel Boyer, pour les appelants.

 

Pierre Bégin et Christian Brunelle, pour l'intimée.

 

Béatrice Vizkelety, pour l'intervenante.

 

Procureurs des appelants:  Melançon, Marceau, Grenier & Sciortino, Montréal; Lapierre, St‑Denis & Associés, Montréal.

 

Procureurs de l'intimée:  Pothier Bégin, Ste‑Foy.

 

Procureur de l'intervenante:  Béatrice Vizkelety, Montréal.

 

 

Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 

Civil rights ‑‑ Discrimination on basis of religion ‑‑ Employment ‑‑ School calendar in collective agreement requiring Jewish teachers to work on holy day ‑‑ School board granting Jewish teachers leave of absence but without pay ‑‑ Whether school calendar had effect of discriminating against Jewish teachers ‑‑ If so, whether school board took reasonable steps to accommodate Jewish teachers.

 

Judicial review ‑‑ Labour relations ‑‑ Arbitration ‑‑ Collective agreement ‑‑ School calendar requiring Jewish teachers to work on holy day ‑‑ School board granting Jewish teachers leave of absence but without pay ‑‑ Arbitration board concluding that school calendar had effect of discriminating against Jewish teachers and that school board did not take reasonable steps to accommodate them ‑‑ School board ordered to pay teachers for their absence on holy day ‑‑ Whether arbitration board's decision patently unreasonable.

 

In 1985, three Jewish teachers employed by the respondent School Board took a day off to celebrate Yom Kippour.  The School Board had granted them leave of absence but without pay and the teachers' union brought a grievance seeking reimbursement for the day's pay.  The school calendar, which is part of the collective agreement, fixed the teachers' work schedule.  The majority of the arbitration board found that the school calendar requiring Jewish teachers to work on Yom Kippour had the effect of being discriminatory and that the School Board had failed to take reasonable steps to accommodate the Jewish teachers in the observance of their religious holy day.  The majority determined that the School Board could pay the Jewish teachers for their absence on Yom Kippour pursuant to the provisions of the collective agreement and allowed the grievance.  The Superior Court dismissed the School Board's application for evocation but the majority of the Court of Appeal reversed that judgment and set aside the arbitration board's award as unreasonable.

 

Held:  The appeal should be allowed.

 


Per Lamer C.J. and La Forest, Sopinka, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.:  Since the Quebec Labour Code contains a privative clause, a decision of the arbitration board interpreting a collective agreement and acting within its jurisdiction should not be subject to judicial review unless the decision is patently unreasonable.  Here, the school calendar, although neutral on its face, had the effect of adversely discriminating against Jewish teachers.  As a result of their religious beliefs, they must take a day off work and, in the absence of some accommodation by their employer, must lose a day's pay to observe their holy day while the majority of their colleagues have their religious holy days recognized as holidays from work.  It follows that the effect of the calendar is to discriminate against members of an identifiable group because of their religious beliefs and that the employer must take reasonable steps to accommodate the individual or group of employees adversely affected.  A de minimis test should not apply to the evaluation of either the existence or the extent of the duty to accommodate.  This duty is a fundamentally important aspect of human rights legislation and an integral part of the right to equality in the workplace.  In permitting the Jewish teachers to take a day off work without pay in order to celebrate Yom Kippour, the School Board has not, however, met the burden resting upon it to demonstrate that it took reasonable steps to accommodate these teachers, short of undue hardship.  No evidence was presented that it would place an unreasonable financial burden upon the School Board to pay the Jewish teachers for their absence on Yom Kippour.  In fact, until 1983, they had been paid for that day despite their absence.  Further, the provisions of the collective agreement could reasonably be interpreted to provide for such an accommodation.  The agreement specifically provided, in articles 5‑14.05 and 5-14.02, for the payment of teachers who were absent for what the parties considered to be a good or valid reason and for a number of days for a variety of reasons.  On a reasonable, indeed a correct, interpretation of the collective agreement, the observance of a holy day by teachers belonging to the Jewish faith should constitute a "good reason" for their absence and should qualify them for payment of a day's wages.  Finally, by incorporating the provisions of the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, the collective agreement provided further support for this position by stressing that principles of equality and freedom from religious discrimination would guide the parties in their relations.  The decision of the majority of the arbitration board was therefore correct and the arbitration board's award should be restored. In light of this conclusion, it is unnecessary to consider whether the decision of an arbitration board must be correct in its interpretation of the Quebec Charter in order to be exempt from judicial review.

 

Per Gonthier and L'Heureux‑Dubé JJ.:  An arbitrator mandated under the Labour Code to dispose of grievances relating to a collective agreement, whose jurisdiction is protected by a privative clause, does not exceed his jurisdiction merely because, in disposing of a grievance, he applies the law, in this case the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms.  The application of a clear and uncontested provision of an Act, be it the Quebec Charter, should not be confused with its interpretation.  The interpretation of an Act also differs from the application to a given situation of the provisions of a collective agreement, even if it incorporates guarantees of employees' fundamental rights contained in the Quebec Charter.

 

The only point which the arbitrator had to decide was whether, in the present circumstances, it was possible under the collective agreement to accommodate Jewish teachers and on what conditions, in order to comply with the anti‑discrimination provisions of the Quebec Charter.  In so doing, the arbitrator was acting within his jurisdiction, and unless his decision was so unreasonable as to be irrational a court of law has no basis for intervening.  The arbitrator's decision was far from unreasonable in this case and is accordingly beyond the scope of judicial intervention.  The collective agreement left sufficient room for reasonable accommodations to avoid the hardship which having to work on Yom Kippour may cause to Jewish teachers.

 

APPEAL from a judgment of the Quebec Court of Appeal (1992), 48 Q.A.C. 34, reversing a judgment of the Superior Court**, which refused to issue a writ of evocation against a decision of an arbitration tribunal.  Appeal allowed.

 

Georges Marceau and Michel Boyer, for the appellants.

 

Pierre Bégin and Christian Brunelle, for the respondent.

 

Béatrice Vizkelety, for the intervener.

 

Solicitors for the appellants:  Melançon, Marceau, Grenier & Sciortino, Montréal; Lapierre, St‑Denis & Associés, Montréal.

 

Solicitors for the respondent:  Pothier Bégin, Ste‑Foy.

 

Solicitor for the intervener:  Béatrice Vizkelety, Montréal.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


British Columbia Securities Commission v. Murray Pezim - and between - British Columbia Securities  Commission v. Lawrence Page - and between - British Columbia Securities commission v. John Ivany (B.C.) - and between - The Superintendent of Brokers v. Murray Pezim, et al (B.C.)(23113/ 23107)

Indexed as:  Pezim v. British Columbia (Superintendent of Brokers) /

Répertorié:  Pezim c. Colombie‑Britannique (Superintendent of Brokers)

Judgment rendered June 23, 1994 / Jugement rendu le 23 juin 1994

                                                                                                                                               Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, Sopinka, Gonthier, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 

Administrative law ‑‑ Judicial review ‑‑ Securities Commission ‑‑ Commission part of larger regulatory framework ‑‑ No privative clause and right of appeal ‑‑ Appropriate standard of review of Commission's decisions ‑‑ Whether standard properly applied -- Securities Act, S.B.C. 1985, c. 83, ss. 1(1) "material change", "material fact", 14(1), (2), 44(1), 45(2), 49(1), 50(1), 67, 68, 144(1)(a), (b), (c), (d), 149(a), (b), (c), 154.2, as am.

 

Securities ‑‑ Securities Commission ‑‑ Statutory duty on issuers of stock to disclose nature and substance of material change ‑‑ Prohibition against insider trading ‑‑ Series of transactions allegedly breaching duty to disclose ‑‑ Whether or not transactions breaching duty to disclose and/or prohibition against insider trading.

 

Respondents were, respectively, the chair of the board, the vice president responsible for internal administration and the president of Prime, a company holding several wholly owned subsidiaries and controlling or managing about 50 public junior resource companies.  Respondents were also directors of Calpine, a company controlled and managed by Prime.  Both companies were reporting issuers listed on the Vancouver Stock Exchange and subject to the VSE's rules and policies concerning public disclosure of information and pricing of options.  Both were subject to the continuing and timely disclosure requirements under s. 67 of the Securities Act and to the insider trading provisions under s. 68.  The British Columbia Securities Commission administers the Act and ensures compliance with its requirements.  It also regulates the VSE.

 

In the spring of 1990, the Superintendent of Brokers (the Commission's chief administrative officer) instituted proceedings against the respondents in connection with various types of transactions which occurred between July and October, 1989.  The Superintendent alleged that the respondents had violated the timely disclosure provisions and insider trading provisions in three categories of impugned transactions:  the drilling results and share options transactions, the private placement, and the ALC withdrawal.  Respondents were prevented from having information relative to assay results by a "Chinese Wall".

 

In the first category, Prime or Calpine allegedly failed to disclose all material changes in four transactions in that assay results were publicly disclosed after the company had granted or repriced options.  The fifth option transaction, although made after a detailed news release of assay results, allegedly violated a pricing formula under the VSE options policy.

 

The second series of impugned transactions involved the private placement of Calpine units.  Calpine allegedly failed to disclose, contrary to s. 67, that Prime was the purchaser and that the sale significantly increased Prime's interest in Calpine.  It was also alleged that Calpine had misled the VSE as to the firm brokering the private placement.

 

The third impugned transaction occurred when a broker disputed its contractual obligation either to find a purchaser or to buy a set number of Prime units on offer following the withdrawal of a firm (ALC) from a deal to purchase them.  Prime was alleged to have violated s. 67 by not making timely and adequate disclosure of the dispute following ALC's withdrawal.

 

The Commission concluded that the respondents contravened s. 67 of the Act by failing to disclose material changes in their affairs.  No insider trading contrary to s. 68 was found, however.  The respondents were found responsible for these breaches as senior managers of the companies, were suspended from trading in shares for one year and were required to pay part of the costs incurred by the Commission and Superintendent.  Respondents' appeal was limited to whether the Commission had erred as a matter of law in its conclusions on s. 67 (disclosure of material change), s. 144 (power of Commission to make orders) and s. 154.2 (power of Commission to make orders regarding costs) of the Act.  The Court of Appeal allowed the appeal and set aside the Commission's orders.  The Superintendent and the Commission now appeal from that decision.

 

These appeals dealt mainly with the appropriate standard of review for an appellate court reviewing a decision of a securities commission which is not protected by a privative clause when there exists a statutory right of appeal and where the case turns on a question of statutory interpretation.  The appeals also raised issues of compliance with the timely disclosure requirements under applicable securities legislation.

 

Held:  The appeals should be allowed.


The Securities Act is part of a much larger framework which regulates the securities industry throughout Canada primarily for the protection of the investor but also for capital market efficiency and ensuring public confidence in the system.

 

The central question in ascertaining the standard of review is to determine the legislative intent in conferring jurisdiction on the administrative tribunal.  The analysis must consider the tribunal's role or function, whether the agency's decisions are protected by a privative clause, and whether the question goes to the tribunal's jurisdiction.  The courts have developed a spectrum that ranges from the standard of patent unreasonableness (where deference is at its highest, for example, where a tribunal is protected by a privative clause in deciding a matter within its jurisdiction) to that of correctness (where deference is at its lowest, for example, where there is a statutory right of appeal or where the issue concerns the interpretation of a provision limiting the tribunal's jurisdiction).  The case at bar falls between these two extremes.  On one hand lies a statutory right of appeal pursuant to s. 149 of the Securities Act.  On the other lies an appeal from a highly specialized tribunal on an issue which arguably goes to the core of its regulatory mandate and expertise.  Even where there is no privative clause and where there is a statutory right of appeal, the concept of the specialization of duties requires that deference be shown to decisions of specialized tribunals on matters which fall squarely within the tribunal's expertise.

 

 The breadth of the Commission's expertise and specialisation is reflected in the provisions of the Securities Act.  The Commission is responsible for the administration of the Act, has broad powers with respect to investigations, audits, hearings and orders, and any decision, when filed in the Supreme Court of British Columbia Registry, has the force and effect of a decision of that court.  The Commission has the power to revoke or vary any of its decisions.  It also has a very broad discretion to determine what is in the public's interest.  The definitions in the Act exist in a factual or regulatory context and must be analysed in context, not in isolation.  This is yet another basis for curial deference.  A higher degree of judicial deference is also warranted with respect to a tribunal's interpretation of the law where it plays a role in policy development.  Here, the Commission's primary role is to administer and apply the Act.  It also plays a policy development role but its policies are not to be treated as legal pronouncements absent statutory authority mandating such treatment.  Thus, on precedent, principle and policy, those decisions of the Commission falling within its expertise generally warrant judicial deference. 

 

Sections 67, 144 and 154.2 of Act were specifically considered with an eye to the tribunal's expertise and its need for deference.  The decision to make an order and the precise nature of that order, under s. 144, as well as any decision obliging a person to pay the costs of a hearing necessitated by his or her conduct, pursuant to s. 154.2, are clearly within the jurisdiction and expertise of the Commission.  The other provision at issue was s. 67 which involves an interpretation of the words "material change" and "as soon as practicable".

 

Both "material change" and "material fact" are defined in s. 1 of the Act.  They are defined in terms of the significance of their impact on the market price or value of the securities of an issuer.  The definition of "material fact" is broader than that of "material change"; it encompasses any fact that can "reasonably be expected to significantly affect" the market price or value of the securities of an issuer, and not only changes "in the business, operations, assets or ownership of the issuer" that would reasonably be expected to have such an effect.

 

This case turned partly on the definition of "material change".  Three elements emerge from that definition:  the change must be (a) "in relation to the affairs of an issuer", (b) "in the business, operations, assets or ownership of the issuer" and (c) material, i.e., would reasonably be expected to have a significant effect on the market price or value of the securities of the issuer.  Not all changes are material changes; the latter are set in the context of making sure that issuers keep investors up to date.  The determination of what information should be disclosed is an issue which goes to the heart of the regulatory expertise and mandate of the Commission, i.e., regulating the securities markets in the public's interest.

 

This case also turns on the meaning of the words "as soon as practicable", in s. 67, as to when a material change should be disclosed to the public.  The timeliness of disclosure also falls within the Commission's regulatory jurisdiction.

 

Given the nature of the securities industry, the Commission's specialization of duties and policy development role, and the nature of the problem before the court, considerable deference was warranted in the present case notwithstanding the facts that there was a statutory right of appeal and that there was no privative clause.

 

The determination of what constitutes a material change for the purposes of general disclosure under s. 67 of the Act falls squarely within the regulatory mandate and expertise of the Commission.  New information relating to a mining property (which is an asset) bears significantly on the question of that property's value.  A change in assay and drilling results can amount to a material change as was the case here.

 


The obligation to disclose "as soon as practicable" takes on a different meaning when an issuer is about to engage in a securities transaction.  Although a duty to inquire is not expressly stated in s. 67, such an interpretation contextualizes the general obligation to disclose material changes and guarantees the fairness of the market, which is the underlying goal of the Act.  The Commission had jurisdiction to interpret s. 67 in this manner and was entitled to the court's deference.

 

A duty to inquire under s. 67 is not incompatible with the Act's insider trading provision (s. 68).  If an issuer wishes to engage in a securities transaction, its directors must inquire about all material changes in the issuer's affairs.  Consequently, the directors will have, at one point in time, knowledge of undisclosed material facts and material changes which constitute inside information.  As long as the material facts and material changes are adequately disclosed prior to the transaction, there will be no possibility of insider trading.  The directors' duty to inquire about material changes is not erased by the erection of a Chinese Wall because the disclosure requirements under s. 67 are on the issuer.

 

Each of the Commission's findings were supported by overwhelming evidence and should not be disturbed.  The Commission concluded that information contained in drilling results can constitute a material change in a reporting issuer's affairs and that s. 67 imposes a duty on senior management to inquire as to the existence of material changes before causing a reporting issuer to engage in a securities transaction.  It found that the respondents breached s. 67 by failing to disclose various material changes in the affairs of Prime and Calpine before causing these two companies to engage in securities transactions.  The Commission also concluded that the non‑disclosure of information concerning the private placement issue and the withdrawal of ALC constituted a failure to disclose a material change.  Although the material change arising from the controversy surrounding the withdrawal of ALC was self-evident, not all material changes are self-evident. 

 

Section 144 of the Act gives the Commission a broad discretion to make orders that it considers to be in the public interest.  Thus, a reviewing court should not disturb an order of the Commission unless the Commission has made some error in principle in exercising its discretion or has exercised its discretion in a capricious or vexatious manner.

 

The Commission exercised its discretion in a judicial manner.  Further, it could make the orders it did with respect to the respondents even though the duty to make timely disclosure under s. 67 of the Act applies to a "reporting issuer".  Although responsibility for timely disclosure is vested in the reporting issuer, effective responsibility rests with the senior officers and the directors of the reporting issuer.  In addition, s. 144 of the Act not only gives the Commission a broad power to make orders it considers to be in the public interest but also confers upon the Commission the authority to make orders with respect to "a person".  The Commission's order with respect to costs was well within its jurisdiction; considerable deference was in order.

 

APPEALS from a judgment of the British Columbia Court of Appeal (1992), 66 B.C.L.R. (2d) 257, 96 D.L.R. (4th) 137, 24 W.A.C. 1, allowing an appeal from an order of the British Columbia Securities Commission.  Appeals allowed.

 

M. J. Gregory Walsh and Catharine M. Esson, for the appellant Superintendent of Brokers.

 

John L. Finlay and Susan E. Ross, for the appellant British Columbia Securities Commission.

 

Alan J. Lenczner, Q.C., and Winton K. Derby, Q.C., for the respondents.

 

Deborah K. Lovett, for the intervener the Attorney General of British Columbia.

 

Stephen T. Goudge, Q.C., and Sandra Forbes, for the intervener Ontario Securities Commission.

 

Frances L. Zinger and Glenda A. Campbell, for the intervener Alberta Securities Commission.

 

Bryan Finlay, Q.C., and Philip Anisman, for the intervener Securities Dealers Society of Ontario.

 

Solicitors for the appellant Superintendent of Brokers:  Walsh & Company, Vancouver.

 

Solicitors for the appellant British Columbia Securities Commission:  Arvay, Finlay, Victoria.

 

Solicitors for the respondents:  Lenczner, Slaght, Royce, Smith, Griffin, Toronto.

 

Solicitor for the intervener the Attorney General of British Columbia:  Attorney General of British Columbia, Victoria.

 

Solicitors for the intervener the Ontario Securities Commission:  Davies, Ward & Beck, Toronto.

 

Solicitor for the intervener the Alberta Securities Commission:  Alberta Justice, Edmonton.

 


Solicitors for the intervener the Securities Dealers Society of Ontario:  Weir & Foulds, Toronto.

 

 

Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, Sopinka, Gonthier, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major.

 

Droit administratif ‑‑ Contrôle judiciaire ‑‑ Commission des valeurs mobilières ‑‑ Commission intégrée dans un régime de réglementation ‑‑ Absence de clause privative et de droit d'appel ‑‑ Norme de contrôle appropriée des décisions de la Commission ‑‑ La norme appropriée a‑t‑elle été appliquée?  ‑‑ Securities Act, S.B.C. 1985, ch. 83, art. 1(1) *changement important+, *fait important+, art. 14(1), (2), 44(1) (45(2), 49(1), 50(1), 67, 68, 144(1)a), b), c), d), 149a), b), c), 154.2, mod.

 

Valeurs mobilières ‑‑ Commission des valeurs mobilières ‑‑ Loi imposant aux émetteurs d'actions de divulguer la nature et la substance d'un changement important ‑‑ Interdiction des opérations d'initiés ‑‑ Série d'opérations qui auraient été effectuées en contravention de l'obligation de divulgation ‑‑ Les opérations violent‑elles l'obligation de divulgation ou l'interdiction des opérations d'initiés.

 

Les intimés étaient respectivement président du conseil d'administration, vice‑président responsable de l'administration interne et président de Prime, société détenant plusieurs filiales en propriété exclusive et contrôlant ou gérant quelque 50 petites sociétés minières.  Les intimés étaient aussi administrateurs de Calpine, société contrôlée et gérée par Prime.  Les deux sociétés étaient des émetteurs assujettis cotés à la Bourse de Vancouver et étaient régies par les règles et politiques de la Bourse en matière de divulgation publique de renseignements et de fixation du prix des options.  Elles devaient se conformer aux exigences d'information continue et occasionnelle énoncées à l'art. 67 de la Securities Act et aux dispositions sur les opérations d'initiés prévues à l'art. 68.  La British Columbia Securities Commission applique la Loi et assure le respect de ses exigences.  Elle réglemente aussi la Bourse.

 

Au printemps 1990, le Superintendent of Brokers (l'administrateur en chef de la Commission) a intenté des poursuites contre les intimés relativement à diverses opérations conclues entre les mois de juillet et d'octobre 1989.  Le surintendant soutenait que les intimés avaient contrevenu aux exigences en matière d'information occasionnelle et aux dispositions relatives aux opérations d'initiés en ce qui concerne trois catégories d'opérations attaquées:  les résultats de forage et les options d'achat d'actions, le placement privé, et le retrait d'ALC.  La mise en place d'une *muraille de Chine+ a empêché les intimés de connaître les résultats de forage.

 

Dans la première catégorie, Prime ou Calpine aurait omis de divulguer tous les changements importants dans quatre opérations en ce sens que les résultats de forage ont été divulgués après que la société eut accordé de nouvelles options d'achat d'actions ou fixé un nouveau prix d'exercice d'options antérieures.  Dans le cas de la cinquième opération concernant les options, quoique réalisée après un communiqué détaillé des résultats de titrage, il y aurait eu mauvaise utilisation de la formule de calcul du prix en vertu de la politique de la Bourse relative aux options.

 

La deuxième série d'opérations attaquées a trait au placement privé des unités de Calpine.  Celle‑ci aurait omis de divulguer, en contravention de l'art. 67, que Prime était l'acheteur et que la vente allait sensiblement accroître la participation de Prime dans Calpine.  On a aussi soutenu que Calpine avait induit la Bourse en erreur relativement à la firme de courtage chargée d'effectuer le placement privé.

 

La troisième opération attaquée s'est produite lorsqu'un courtier a contesté qu'il était contractuellement tenu de trouver un acheteur ou d'acheter un certain nombre d'unités de Prime sur le marché à la suite du retrait d'une firme (ALC) qui s'était engagée à les acheter.  On a soutenu que Prime aurait contrevenu à l'art. 67 en omettant de divulguer en temps opportun et de façon appropriée l'existence d'un différend à la suite du retrait d'ALC.

 

La Commission a conclu que les intimés avaient enfreint l'art. 67 de la Loi en omettant de divulguer des changements importants survenus dans leurs affaires.  Cependant, à son avis, ils n'avaient pas enfreint l'art. 68 de la Loi, qui vise les opérations d'initiés.  En tant que cadres supérieurs des sociétés, les intimés ont été jugés responsables de ces contraventions; la Commission leur a interdit de faire des opérations sur des actions pendant une période d'un an et elle leur a ordonné de payer une part des dépens de la Commission et du surintendant.  L'appel des intimés devait seulement viser à déterminer si la Commission avait commis une erreur de droit dans ses conclusions relatives à l'art. 67 (divulgation d'un changement important), à l'art. 144 (pouvoir de la Commission de rendre des ordonnances) et à l'art. 154.2 (pouvoir de la Commission de rendre des ordonnances quant aux dépens) de la Loi.  La Cour d'appel a accueilli l'appel et annulé les ordonnances de la Commission.  Le surintendant et la Commission se pourvoient maintenant contre cette décision.

 

Les présents pourvois portent principalement sur la norme de contrôle applicable à une cour d'appel siégeant en révision d'une décision d'une commission des valeurs mobilières qui n'est pas protégée par une clause privative, lorsque la loi prévoit un droit d'appel et que le litige vise une question d'interprétation des lois.  Les présents pourvois soulèvent aussi des questions de respect des exigences en matière d'information occasionnelle en vertu des dispositions législatives applicables aux valeurs mobilières.


Arrêt:  Les pourvois sont accueillis.

 

La Securities Act s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un régime de réglementation beaucoup plus vaste de l'industrie des valeurs mobilières au Canada, visant avant tout à protéger l'investisseur, mais aussi à assurer le rendement du marché des capitaux et la confiance du public dans le système.

 

Dans l'examen de la norme de contrôle applicable, il faut avant tout déterminer quelle était l'intention du législateur lorsqu'il a conféré compétence au tribunal administratif.  Cette analyse doit porter sur le rôle ou la fonction du tribunal, viser à savoir si les décisions de l'organisme sont protégées par une clause privative et si la question touche la compétence du tribunal concerné.  Les tribunaux ont élaboré toute une gamme de normes allant de celle de la décision manifestement déraisonnable (qui appelle la plus grande retenue, par exemple, dans les cas où un tribunal protégé par une clause privative rend une décision relevant de sa compétence), à celle de la décision correcte (où l'on est tenu à une moins grande retenue, par exemple, dans les cas où la question en litige porte sur l'interprétation d'une disposition limitant la compétence du tribunal).  Le présent pourvoi se situe entre ces deux extrêmes.  D'une part, il existe un droit d'appel conformément à l'art. 149 de la Securities Act.  D'autre part, il s'agit d'un appel contre la décision d'un tribunal très spécialisé sur une question qui, peut‑on soutenir, touche directement le mandat et l'expertise que lui confère le texte réglementaire.  Même lorsqu'il n'existe pas de clause privative et que la loi prévoit un droit d'appel, le concept de la spécialisation des fonctions exige des cours de justice qu'elles fassent preuve de retenue envers l'opinion du tribunal spécialisé sur des questions qui relèvent directement de son champ d'expertise.

 

La Securities Act fait bien ressortir l'étendue de l'expertise et de la spécialisation de la Commission.  Celle‑ci est responsable de l'application de la Loi et possède de vastes pouvoirs en matière d'enquêtes, de vérifications, d'audiences et d'ordonnances; en outre, toute décision de la Commission déposée au greffe de la Cour suprême de la Colombie‑Britannique est exécutoire comme décision de cette cour.  La Commission a le pouvoir de révoquer ou de modifier ses décisions.  Elle possède également un très vaste pouvoir discrétionnaire dans la détermination de ce qui constitue l'intérêt public.  Les définitions dans la Loi sont présentées dans un contexte de nature factuelle ou réglementaire et doivent être analysées en contexte et non pas séparément.  C'est là un autre motif de faire preuve de retenue judiciaire. Lorsqu'un tribunal participe à l'établissement de politiques, il faut également faire preuve d'une plus grande retenue à l'égard de son interprétation de la loi.  En l'espèce, la Commission a pour rôle principal d'appliquer la Loi.  Elle participe aussi à l'établissement de politiques, mais ses politiques ne peuvent être considérées comme ayant le statut de loi, en l'absence d'un pouvoir à cet effet prévu dans la loi.  Par conséquent, compte tenu des précédents, des principes et des politiques, il faut généralement faire preuve de retenue judiciaire à l'égard des décisions que la Commission rend à l'intérieur de sa sphère de compétence.

 

Les articles 67, 144 et 154.2 de la Loi ont été spécifiquement examinés en fonction de la compétence du tribunal et de la nécessité de faire preuve de retenue à l'égard de ses décisions.  La Commission possède clairement toute la compétence et l'expertise nécessaires lorsqu'il s'agit de rendre une ordonnance et d'en préciser la nature, conformément à l'art. 144, et d'obliger une personne à payer, conformément à l'art. 154.2, les dépens d'une audience à laquelle sa conduite a donné lieu.  L'autre disposition en cause est l'art. 67, qui soulève la question de l'interprétation des expressions *changement important+ et *dès que possible+.

 

L'article premier de la Loi définit les expressions *changement important+ et *fait important+.  Ces expressions sont définies en fonction de l'importance de l'effet du changement ou du fait sur le cours ou la valeur des valeurs mobilières d'un émetteur.  La définition de l'expression *fait important+ est plus large que celle de *changement important+; un *fait important+ s'entend de tout fait *dont il est raisonnable de s'attendre+ qu'il aura *un effet appréciable+ sur le cours ou la valeur des valeurs mobilières d'un émetteur, et non seulement des changements dans *[l]es activités commerciales, [l']exploitation, [l]es éléments d'actif ou [l]a propriété+ de l'émetteur, dans les cas où il est raisonnable de s'attendre à ce que ce changement ait un tel effet.

 

Le présent pourvoi porte en partie sur la définition de l'expression *changement important+.  Trois éléments se dégagent de cette définition:  le changement, a) *[d]ans le contexte des affaires d'un émetteur+, b) *s'entend d'un changement dans ses activités commerciales, son exploitation, ses éléments d'actif ou sa propriété+ et c) doit être important, c'est‑à‑dire qu'il doit être raisonnable de s'attendre à ce qu'il ait un effet appréciable sur le cours ou la valeur des valeurs mobilières de l'émetteur.  Ce ne sont pas tous les changements qui sont des changements importants; la divulgation des changements importants a pour but de veiller à ce que les émetteurs tiennent les investisseurs au courant.  La détermination des renseignements à divulguer est une question qui touche directement l'expertise et le mandat de la Commission, soit la réglementation du marché des valeurs mobilières dans l'intérêt public.

 

Le présent pourvoi porte aussi sur l'interprétation de l'expression *dès que possible+ à l'art. 67 de la Loi, c'est‑à‑dire le moment où un changement important doit être divulgué au public.  La détermination de cette question relève également de la compétence de la Commission en matière de réglementation. 

 


Compte tenu de la nature de l'industrie des valeurs mobilières, des fonctions spécialisées de la Commission, de son rôle en matière d'établissement de politiques et de la nature du problème en cause, il y avait lieu de faire preuve en l'espèce d'une grande retenue malgré le droit d'appel prévu par la loi et l'absence d'une clause privative.

 

La détermination de ce qui constitue un changement important pour les fins de divulgation générale en vertu de l'art. 67 de la Loi est une question qui relève directement du mandat et de l'expertise de la Commission en matière de réglementation.  Tout nouveau renseignement sur les propriétés minières (un élément d'actif) a une incidence importante sur la question de leur valeur.  Un changement dans les résultats de titrage et de forage peut constituer un changement important, comme c'était le cas en l'espèce.

 

L'obligation de divulguer *dès que possible+ prend un sens tout à fait différent si un émetteur est sur le point de conclure une opération sur valeurs mobilières.  Bien que l'art. 67 ne précise pas explicitement une obligation de s'enquérir, une telle interprétation permet de placer dans son contexte l'obligation générale de divulgation de tout changement important et de garantir l'équité du marché, objet sous‑jacent de la Loi.  Il relevait de la compétence de la Commission d'interpréter l'art. 67 de cette façon et elle était en droit de s'attendre à une certaine retenue à cet égard.

 

L'obligation de s'enquérir en vertu de l'art. 67 n'est pas incompatible avec la disposition de la Loi sur les opérations d'initiés (l'art. 68).  Si un émetteur souhaite participer à une opération sur valeurs mobilières, ses administrateurs doivent s'enquérir de tout changement important dans ses affaires.  Par conséquent, les administrateurs seront, à un moment donné, au courant de faits importants non divulgués et de changements importants qui constituent des renseignements d'initiés.  Dans la mesure où les faits importants et les changements importants sont divulgués comme il se doit avant l'opération, il n'y a pas de risque d'opérations d'initiés.  L'établissement d'une muraille de Chine n'élimine pas l'obligation qu'ont les administrateurs de s'enquérir des changements importants, puisque c'est l'émetteur qui, en vertu de l'art. 67, doit respecter les exigences en matière de divulgation.

 

Il existe de nombreux éléments de preuve à l'appui de chacune des conclusions de la Commission et il n'y a pas lieu de les modifier.  La Commission a conclu que les renseignements contenus dans les résultats de forage peuvent constituer un changement important dans les affaires d'un émetteur assujetti et que l'art. 67 impose aux cadres supérieurs une obligation de s'enquérir de l'existence de changements importants avant qu'un émetteur assujetti puisse participer à une opération sur valeurs mobilières.  Elle a conclu que les intimés avaient contrevenu à l'art. 67 en omettant de divulguer divers changements importants dans les affaires de Prime et de Calpine avant que celles‑ci prennent part à des opérations sur valeurs mobilières.  La Commission a aussi conclu que la non‑divulgation de renseignements sur la question du placement privé et le retrait d'ALC constituaient une omission de divulguer un changement important.  Bien que le changement important découlant de la controverse relative au retrait d'ALC ait été tout à fait évident, ce n'est pas le cas de tous les changements importants.

 

L'article 144 de la Loi donne à la Commission un vaste pouvoir discrétionnaire de rendre les ordonnances qu'elle estime dans l'intérêt public.  En conséquence, un tribunal qui siège en révision ne devrait pas modifier une ordonnance rendue par la Commission, sauf si celle‑ci a commis une erreur de principe dans l'exercice de son pouvoir discrétionnaire ou si elle l'a exercé d'une façon arbitraire ou vexatoire.

 

La Commission a exercé son pouvoir discrétionnaire d'une manière judiciaire.  En outre, elle pouvait rendre les ordonnances en question contre les intimés même si l'obligation d'information occasionnelle prévue à l'art. 67 de la Loi est imposée à un *émetteur assujetti+.  Bien que l'obligation d'information occasionnelle soit imposée à l'émetteur assujetti, ce sont les cadres supérieurs et les administrateurs qui ont en fait cette responsabilité.  Par ailleurs, l'art. 144 de la Loi confère à la Commission non seulement un vaste pouvoir de rendre les ordonnances qu'elle estime dans l'intérêt public mais aussi le pouvoir de rendre des ordonnances relativement à *une personne+.  La Commission avait toute la compétence requise pour rendre l'ordonnance quant aux dépens.  C'est pourquoi il y avait lieu de faire preuve d'une grande retenue.

 

POURVOIS contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de la Colombie‑Britannique (1992), 66 B.C.L.R. (2d) 257, 96 D.L.R. (4th) 137, 24 W.A.C. 1, qui a accueilli un appel contre une ordonnance de la British Columbia Securities Commission.  Pourvois accueillis.

 

M. J. Gregory Walsh et Catharine M. Esson, pour l'appelant Superintendent of Brokers.

 

John L. Finlay et Susan E. Ross, pour l'appelante British Columbia Securities Commission.

 

Alan J. Lenczner, c.r., et Winton K. Derby, c.r., pour les intimés.

 

Deborah K. Lovett, pour l'intervenant le procureur général de la Colombie-Britannique.

 

Stephen T. Goudge, c.r., et Sandra Forbes, pour l'intervenante la Commission des valeurs mobilières de l'Ontario.

 


Frances L. Zinger et Glenda A. Campbell, pour l'intervenante Alberta Securities Commission.

 

Bryan Finlay, c.r., et Philip Anisman, pour l'intervenante Securities Dealers Society of Ontario.

 

Procureurs de l'appelant Superintendent of Brokers:  Walsh & Company, Vancouver.

 

Procureurs de l'appelante British Columbia Securities Commission:  Arvay, Finlay, Victoria.

 

Procureurs des intimés:  Lenczner, Slaght, Royce, Smith, Griffin, Toronto.

 

Procureur de l'intervenant le procureur général de la Colombie-Britannique:  Le procureur général de la Colombie-Britannique, Victoria.

 

Procureurs de l'intervenante la Commission des valeurs mobilières de l'Ontario:  Davies, Ward & Beck, Toronto.

 

Procureur de l'intervenante Alberta Securities Commission:  Ministère de la Justice de l'Alberta, Edmonton.

 

Procureurs de l'intervenante Securities Dealers Society of Ontario:  Weir & Foulds, Toronto.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


Maritime Life Assurance Company v. Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd., et al (Alta.)(23194)

Indexed as:  Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd. v. Maritime Life Assurance Co. /

Répertorié:  Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd. c. La Maritime, Compagnie d'assurance‑vie

Judgment rendered June 23, 1994 / Jugement rendu le 23 juin 1994

                                                                                                                                               Present:  La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 

Insurance -- Policy lapse -- Waiver -- Insurance premium remaining unpaid after grace period expired -- Insurer requesting immediate payment of premium -- Whether insurer waived right to compel timely payment under policy ‑‑ If so, whether waiver still in effect when payment tendered.

 

Insurance -- Relief against forfeiture -- Waiver -- Insurance premium remaining unpaid after grace period expired -- Insurer requesting immediate payment of premium -- Whether insurer waived right to compel timely payment under policy -- If not, whether relief against forfeiture should be granted under s. 10 of Judicature Act, R.S.A. 1980, c. J-1.

 

In 1978, Maritime issued an insurance policy on the life of MF to the respondent Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd. ("SRB"). In 1984, ownership of the policy was transferred to the respondent Fikowski ("CF"), who became the beneficiary.  SRB remained responsible for paying the annual premiums.  On July 24, 1984, SRB mailed a cheque to pay the annual premium due on July 26, but this cheque was never received by Maritime, nor was it deducted from SRB's bank account.  After the grace period expired on August 26, Maritime sent a late payment offer to SRB agreeing to accept payment of the July premium if it was postmarked or received by September 8, but SRB did not respond to this offer.  In November Maritime wrote a letter advising CF that the premium due on July 26, 1984 remained unpaid and stating that "this policy is now technically out of force, and we will require immediate payment of $1,361.00 to pay the July 1984‑85 premium".  Finally, in February 1985 Maritime sent a notice of policy lapse to the respondents.  The application for reinstatement appended to the notice required evidence of insurability.  Since SRB closed its hotel business and picked up the corporate mail infrequently during the winter season, it did not become aware of the late payment offer, the November letter or the lapse notice until April 1985.  It then began to search for the lost premium cheque.  It was not until July 1985 that SRB sent a replacement cheque to Maritime, and a cheque for the 1985 premium.  Both cheques were refused.  MF was by then terminally ill and uninsurable.  He died in August.  Maritime rejected SRB's claim for benefits under the policy on the ground that it was no longer in force.  The trial judge dismissed the respondents' claim for benefits under the policy and refused to grant them relief against forfeiture.  A majority of the Court of Appeal allowed the respondents' appeal.  The issues here are whether Maritime waived its right to compel timely payment in accordance with the terms of the policy, and, if there was no waiver, whether the respondents are entitled to relief against forfeiture under s. 10 of the Judicature Act.

 

Held:  The appeal should be allowed.

 

The respondents are not entitled to any of the benefits under the policy.  The demand for payment in the November letter was a clear and unequivocal expression of Maritime's intention to continue coverage upon payment of the July premium and, as such, constituted waiver of the time requirements for payment under the policy.  The waiver was not still in effect, however, when SRB tendered payment of the missing premium in July 1985.  Waiver can be retracted if reasonable notice is given to the party in whose favour it operates.  A notice requirement should not be imposed, however, where there is no reliance on the waiver.  Here, the respondents were not aware of Maritime's waiver until they received the November letter in April 1985 and therefore did not rely on it.  The statement that "this policy has lapsed" contained in the February lapse notice accordingly took effect on its terms.  In any event, once the respondents opened their mail in April 1985, they clearly became aware of Maritime's intention to retract its waiver.  Even if a reasonable notice requirement were imposed, it would thus be adequately met by the respondents' failure to tender a replacement cheque until July 1985, three months later.  Maritime had no obligation to accept the replacement cheque, and the policy lapsed.  Maritime was required to reinstate coverage only if the respondents provided evidence of insurability, which was not possible in this case.

 

Relief against forfeiture is an equitable remedy and is purely discretionary.  The factors to be considered by the court in the exercise of its discretion are the conduct of the applicant, the gravity of the breaches, and the disparity between the value of the property forfeited and the damage caused by the breach.  The reasonable conduct requirement is not met in this case.  The respondents knew, at all relevant times, that MF was terminally ill and uninsurable, but they nonetheless chose to have their correspondence from Maritime sent to a post office mail box over the winter, and to collect their mail only intermittently.  When the respondents learned that payment of the premium was nine months overdue in April 1985, they did not tender a replacement cheque, but rather waited three months, until July 1985.  As the respondents are barred by their conduct from recovering, it is not necessary to determine whether the court's general power to relieve against forfeiture under s. 10 of the Judicature Act applies to contracts regulated by the Insurance Act or whether relief from forfeiture can operate generally as a before‑loss remedy in the insurance context.

 


APPEAL from a judgment of the Alberta Court of Appeal (1992), 127 A.R. 43, 20 W.A.C. 43, 92 D.L.R. (4th) 372, 10 C.C.L.I. (2d) 278, [1992] I.L.R. &1‑2895, reversing a decision of the Court of Queen's Bench dismissing the respondents' action against the appellant.  Appeal allowed.

 

James D. McCartney and Brian E. Leroy, for the appellant.

 

James S. Peacock, for the respondents.

 

Solicitors for the appellant:  MacKimmie Matthews, Calgary.

 

Solicitors for the respondents:  Code Hunter, Calgary.

 

 

Présents:  Les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major.

 

Assurance -- Déchéance de police -- Renonciation -- Prime d'assurance demeurant impayée à l'expiration du délai de grâce -- Assureur demandant le paiement immédiat de la prime -- L'assureur a-t-il renoncé au droit d'exiger le paiement dans le délai prévu par la police? ‑‑ Dans l'affirmative, la renonciation s'appliquait-elle toujours lorsque le paiement a été offert?

 

Assurance -- Levée de déchéance -- Renonciation -- Prime d'assurance demeurant impayée à l'expiration du délai de grâce -- Assureur demandant le paiement immédiat de la prime -- L'assureur a-t-il renoncé au droit d'exiger le paiement dans le délai prévu par la police? -- Dans la négative, y a-t-il lieu de lever la déchéance aux termes de l'art. 10 de la Judicature Act, R.S.A. 1980, ch. J-1?

 

En 1978, La Maritime a établi une police d'assurance sur la tête de MF en faveur de l'intimée Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd. (*SRB+).  En 1984, la propriété de la police a été transférée à l'intimée Fikowski (*CF+) qui en est alors devenue la bénéficiaire, SRB conservant l'obligation de payer les primes annuelles.  Le 24 juillet 1984, SRB a mis à la poste un chèque pour payer la prime annuelle échéant le 26 juillet, mais La Maritime n'a jamais reçu ce chèque qui n'a pas non plus été débité du compte bancaire de SRB.  Après l'expiration du délai de grâce le 26 août, La Maritime a envoyé une offre de paiement tardif à SRB.  Elle y offrait d'accepter le paiement de la prime de juillet à la condition qu'il porte une date d'oblitération qui ne soit pas postérieure au 8 septembre ou qu'il soit remis à cette même date.  SRB n'a toutefois pas répondu à cette offre.  En novembre, La Maritime a, par lettre, avisé CF que la prime échue le 26 juillet 1984 était toujours en souffrance.  Cette lettre indiquait que *cette police est maintenant formellement sans effet et nous exigerons le paiement immédiat de 1 361 $ pour acquitter la prime de juillet 1984‑1985+.  Enfin, en février 1985, La Maritime a envoyé aux intimées un avis de déchéance de la police.  La demande de remise en vigueur jointe à cet avis exigeait une preuve d'assurabilité.  Étant donné qu'elle avait fermé son hôtel et qu'elle recueillait peu souvent le courrier de l'entreprise pendant la saison hivernale, SRB n'a pu prendre connaissance de l'offre de paiement tardif, de la lettre de novembre et de l'avis de déchéance qu'en avril 1985.  Elle s'est alors mise à la recherche du chèque perdu.  Ce n'est qu'en juillet 1985 que SRB a envoyé à La Maritime un chèque de remplacement et un chèque pour la prime de 1985.  Tous deux ont été refusés.  MF était alors en phase terminale et non assurable.  Il est décédé en août.  La Maritime a rejeté la demande d'indemnité de SRB aux termes de la police pour le motif que celle‑ci n'était plus en vigueur.  Le juge de première instance a rejeté la demande d'indemnité des intimées aux termes de la police et a refusé de lever la déchéance.  La Cour d'appel à la majorité a accueilli l'appel des intimées.  Le pourvoi soulève les questions suivantes: La Maritime a-t-elle renoncé à son droit d'exiger un paiement en temps opportun conformément aux modalités de la police et, s'il n'y a pas eu renonciation, les intimées ont‑elles droit à la levée de la déchéance aux termes de l'art. 10 de la Judicature Act?

 

Arrêt:  Le pourvoi est accueilli.

 

Les intimées n'ont droit à aucune prestation aux termes de la police.  La demande de paiement dans la lettre de novembre était une expression claire et sans équivoque de l'intention de La Maritime de maintenir la couverture moyennant le paiement de la prime de juillet et, à ce titre, constituait une renonciation au délai imparti pour payer la prime prévue dans la police.  La renonciation ne s'appliquait toutefois plus lorsque SRB a offert le paiement de la prime échue en juillet 1985.  On peut résilier une renonciation si un avis raisonnable est donné à la partie en faveur de laquelle elle joue.  Une exigence d'avis ne devrait toutefois pas être imposée lorsqu'on ne s'est pas fié à la renonciation.  En l'espèce, les intimées n'ont pris connaissance de la renonciation de La Maritime que lorsqu'elles ont reçu, en avril 1985, la lettre de novembre et elles ne se sont donc pas fiées à cette renonciation.  La déclaration portant que *cette police est tombée en déchéance+, contenue dans l'avis de déchéance de février, avait plein effet.  Quoi qu'il en soit, lorsque les intimées ont ouvert leur courrier en avril 1985, elles ont évidemment pris connaissance de l'intention de La Maritime de résilier sa renonciation.  Même si une exigence d'avis raisonnable était imposée, l'omission des intimées d'offrir un chèque de remplacement avant juillet 1985, soit trois mois plus tard, y satisferait adéquatement.  La Maritime n'était pas tenue d'accepter le chèque de remplacement et la police est tombée en déchéance.  Elle n'était tenue de remettre la police en vigueur que si les intimées fournissaient une preuve d'assurabilité, ce qui était impossible en l'espèce.


La levée de la déchéance est une réparation d'equity et est purement discrétionnaire.  Dans l'exercice de son pouvoir discrétionnaire, la cour doit tenir compte du comportement du requérant, de la gravité des manquements et de l'écart entre la valeur du bien frappé de déchéance et le tort causé par le manquement.  On ne satisfait pas à l'exigence de la conduite raisonnable en l'espèce.  Les intimées savaient, à toutes les époques pertinentes, que MF était en phase terminale et non assurable.  Elles ont néanmoins choisi de faire suivre les lettres de La Maritime dans une boîte postale, à un bureau de poste, pendant l'hiver et de ne recueillir leur courrier qu'irrégulièrement.  Lorsqu'en avril 1985 elles ont appris que le paiement de la prime était échu depuis neuf mois, les intimées n'ont offert aucun chèque de remplacement, mais ont plutôt attendu trois mois, jusqu'en juillet 1985.  Puisqu'en raison de leur comportement les intimées n'ont pas droit à un recouvrement, il n'est pas nécessaire de déterminer si le pouvoir général qu'a la cour de lever la déchéance, en vertu de l'art. 10 de la Judicature Act, s'applique aux contrats régis par l'Insurance Act, ou si la levée de la déchéance peut généralement faire fonction de réparation avant sinistre dans le contexte des assurances.

 

POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de l'Alberta (1992), 127 A.R. 43, 20 W.A.C. 43, 92 D.L.R. (4th) 372, 10 C.C.L.I. (2d) 278, [1992] I.L.R. &1‑2895, qui a infirmé la décision de la Cour du Banc de la Reine de rejeter l'action des intimées contre l'appelante.  Pourvoi accueilli.

 

James D. McCartney et Brian E. Leroy, pour l'appelante.

 

James S. Peacock, pour les intimées.

 

Procureurs de l'appelante:  MacKimmie Matthews, Calgary.

 

Procureurs des intimées:  Code Hunter, Calgary.

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


Her Majesty the Queen v. Mathew Oommen (Crim.)(Alta.)(23608)

Indexed as:  R. v. Oommen / Répertorié:  R. c. Oommen

Judgment rendered June 23, 1994 / Jugement rendu le 23 juin 1994

                                                                                                                                               Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 

Criminal law ‑‑ Defences ‑‑ Insanity ‑‑ Delusions ‑‑ Murder ‑‑ Whether accused lacked capacity to distinguish right from wrong at time of killing ‑‑ Meaning of phrase "knowing that [the act] was wrong" in s. 16(1)  of Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C‑46 .

 

The accused killed, without apparent motive, a friend who was sleeping in his apartment.  For a number of years the accused had been suffering from a mental disorder described as a psychosis of a paranoid delusional type and, at the time of the killing, his paranoia was fixed on a belief that the members of a local union were conspiring to "destroy" him.  On the night of the murder, he became convinced that they had surrounded his apartment building with the intention of killing him.  This delusion, combined with his belief that the victim was one of the conspirators, persuaded him that he was obliged to kill the victim to prevent her from killing him.

 

At his trial on a charge of second degree murder, the accused raised the defence of insanity.  Psychiatrists testified that the accused possessed the general capacity to distinguish right from wrong and would know that to kill a person is wrong but that, on the night of the murder, his delusion deprived him of that capacity and led him to believe that killing was necessary and justified under the circumstances as he perceived them.  The trial judge rejected the defence of insanity, concluding that in view of the accused's general capacity to know right from wrong, he was not relieved from criminal responsibility under s. 16(1)  of the Criminal Code , notwithstanding his subjective belief, at the time of the killing, that what he did was right and his inability to apply his general knowledge of right and wrong.  The Court of Appeal allowed the accused's appeal and ordered a new trial on the ground that the trial judge had erred in his interpretation of s. 16(1).

 

Held:  The appeal should be dismissed.

 

Section 16(1) of the Code embraces not only the intellectual ability to know right from wrong in an abstract sense, but also the ability to apply that knowledge in a rational way to the alleged criminal act.  Indeed, the section focuses on the particular capacity of the accused to understand that his act was wrong at the time of committing the act.  An accused should thus be exempted from criminal liability where, at the time of the act, a mental disorder deprived him of the capacity for rational perception and hence rational choice about the rightness or wrongness of the act.  An accused need not establish that his delusion permits him to raise a specific defence, such as self‑defence, to be exempted from criminal responsibility.  The inability to make a rational choice may result from a variety of mental disorders, including delusions which cause an accused to perceive an act which is wrong as right or justifiable.  Here, the evidence was capable of supporting a conclusion that the accused was deprived of the capacity to know his act was wrong by the standards of the ordinary person. 

 

APPEAL from a judgment of the Alberta Court of Appeal (1993), 135 A.R. 321, 33 W.A.C. 321, 21 C.R. (4th) 117, allowing the accused's appeal from his conviction for murder and ordering a new trial. Appeal dismissed.

 

Paul C. Bourque, for the appellant.

 

Mona T. Duckett, for the respondent.

 

Solicitor for the appellant:  The Department of Justice, Edmonton.

 

Solicitors for the respondent:  Royal, McCrum, Duckett & Glancy, Edmonton.

 

 

Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major.

 

Droit criminel ‑‑ Moyens de défense ‑‑ Aliénation mentale ‑‑ Idées délirantes ‑‑ Meurtre ‑‑ L'accusé était‑il incapable de distinguer le bien du mal au moment du meurtre? ‑‑ Sens de l'expression *savoir que l'acte [. . .] était mauvais+ employée au par. 16(1)  du Code criminel, L.R.C. (1985), ch. C‑46 .

 


L'accusé a tué, sans mobile apparent, une amie qui dormait dans son appartement.  Pendant un certain nombre d'années, l'accusé a souffert de troubles mentaux décrits comme une psychose paranoïde accompagnée d'idées délirantes et, au moment du meurtre, il était, à cause de sa paranoïa, obsédé par l'idée que les membres d'un syndicat local complotaient pour le *détruire+.  Le soir du meurtre, il était convaincu qu'ils avaient encerclé son immeuble d'habitation dans le but de le tuer.  Cette idée délirante, conjuguée à sa conviction que la victime était partie au complot, l'ont convaincu qu'il devait la tuer pour éviter qu'elle le tue.

 

À son procès pour meurtre au deuxième degré, l'accusé a invoqué l'aliénation mentale comme moyen de défense.  Les psychiatres ont témoigné que l'accusé avait la capacité générale de distinguer le bien du mal et qu'il saurait qu'il est mauvais de tuer quelqu'un; ils ont cependant affirmé que, le soir du meurtre, ses idées délirantes l'ont privé de cette capacité et l'ont amené à croire que le meurtre était nécessaire et justifié, selon sa perception des circonstances.  Le juge du procès a rejeté le moyen de défense fondé sur l'aliénation mentale, concluant que, puisque l'accusé avait la capacité générale de distinguer le bien du mal, il ne se trouvait pas exonéré de la responsabilité criminelle en vertu du par. 16(1)  du Code criminel , même s'il croyait subjectivement avoir bien agi au moment du meurtre et même s'il était incapable d'appliquer sa connaissance générale du bien et du mal.  La Cour d'appel a accueilli l'appel de l'accusé et ordonné la tenue d'un nouveau procès pour le motif que le juge du procès avait commis une erreur en interprétant le par. 16(1).

 

Arrêt:  Le pourvoi est rejeté.

 

Le paragraphe 16(1) du Code vise non seulement la capacité intellectuelle de distinguer le bien du mal, au sens abstrait, mais aussi la capacité d'appliquer rationnellement cette connaissance à l'acte criminel reproché.  En fait, la disposition met l'accent sur la capacité particulière de l'accusé de comprendre que son acte était mauvais au moment où il l'a accompli.  En conséquence, un accusé devrait être exonéré de toute responsabilité criminelle dans le cas où les troubles mentaux dont il souffrait au moment de l'acte l'empêchaient de juger de façon rationnelle et donc de faire un choix rationnel quant au caractère bon ou mauvais de l'acte.  Pour être exonéré de toute responsabilité criminelle, un accusé n'a pas à établir que ses idées délirantes lui permettent d'invoquer un moyen de défense précis comme la légitime défense.  L'incapacité de faire un choix rationnel peut découler de toute une gamme de troubles mentaux, dont les idées délirantes qui font que l'accusé perçoit un acte mauvais comme s'il était bon ou justifiable.  En l'espèce, la preuve pouvait permettre de conclure que l'accusé était privé de la capacité de savoir que son acte était mauvais selon les normes d'une personne ordinaire.

 

POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de l'Alberta (1993), 135 A.R. 321, 33 W.A.C. 321, 21 C.R. (4th) 117, qui a accueilli l'appel de l'accusé contre sa déclaration de culpabilité de meurtre et qui a ordonné la tenue d'un nouveau procès.  Pourvoi rejeté.

 

Paul C. Bourque, pour l'appelante.

 

Mona T. Duckett, pour l'intimé.

 

Procureur de l'appelante:  Le ministère de la Justice, Edmonton.

 

Procureurs de l'intimé:  Royal, McCrum, Duckett & Glancy, Edmonton.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


Le Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise, et al c. Jonathan Potash et entre Le Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise, et al c. Sélection Milton (Qué.)(23083)

Répertorié:  Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise c. Potash; Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise c. Sélection Milton / Indexed as:  Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise v. Potash; Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise v. Sélection Milton

Hearing and judgment:  January 27, 1994; Reasons delivered:  June 23, 1994.

Audition et jugement:  27 janvier 1994; Motifs déposés:  23 juin 1994.

                                                                                                                                               Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major.

 

Droit constitutionnel ‑‑ Charte des droits ‑‑ Fouilles, perquisitions ou saisies abusives ‑‑ Inspections ‑‑ Pouvoirs d'inspection d'un organisme chargé de l'application d'un décret gouvernemental à un secteur réglementé de l'industrie -- Ces pouvoirs d'inspection conférés par une loi provinciale violent‑ils l'art. 8  de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés ? ‑‑ Loi sur les décrets de convention collective, L.R.Q., ch. D‑2, art. 22e).

 

Libertés publiques ‑‑ Fouilles, perquisitions ou saisies abusives ‑‑ Inspections ‑‑ Pouvoirs d'inspection d'un organisme chargé de l'application d'un décret gouvernemental à un secteur réglementé de l'industrie

-- Ces pouvoirs d'inspection conférés par une loi provinciale violent‑ils l'art. 24.1 de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, L.R.Q., ch. C‑12? ‑‑ Loi sur les décrets de convention collective, L.R.Q., ch. D‑2, art. 22e).

 

À la suite d'une plainte, le Comité paritaire appelant a été informé qu'on aurait donné du travail de couture de chemises portant la marque de confection de l'intimée Sélection Milton à des employés qui n'auraient pas été payés.  Les inspecteurs du Comité paritaire se sont présentés à deux reprises chez l'intimée pour obtenir la liste des sous‑contrats de couture de chemises octroyés par l'intimée, voir son registre de paye et visiter son atelier de travail afin de rencontrer les employés.  En vertu du deuxième alinéa du par. 22e) de la Loi sur les décrets de convention collective (*LDCC+), les inspecteurs *peuvent de droit et à toute heure raisonnable examiner le système d'enregistrement, le registre obligatoire et la liste de paye de tout employeur, en prendre des copies ou des extraits, vérifier auprès de tout employeur et de tout salarié le taux du salaire, la durée du travail, le régime d'apprentissage et l'observance des autres dispositions du décret, [et] requérir . . . les renseignements jugés nécessaires+.  L'intimé Potash, représentant de Sélection Milton, a refusé d'accéder à ces demandes pour le motif que les inspecteurs n'étaient pas munis de mandat de perquisition.  Les intimés ont alors été poursuivis en vertu de l'art. 33 LDCC et condamnés à des amendes pour avoir entravé l'inspection.  La Cour du Québec a conclu que le par. 22e) ne violait ni l'art. 24.1 de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec, ni l'art. 8  de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés .  En appel par voie de procès de novo, la Cour supérieure a confirmé ce jugement, mais la Cour d'appel a accueilli l'appel des intimés et rendu un verdict de non‑culpabilité.  La cour a conclu que le deuxième alinéa du par. 22e) est incompatible avec l'art. 24.1 de la Charte québécoise et l'art. 8  de la Charte  canadienne  puisqu'il ne prévoit pas l'exigence d'un motif raisonnable et probable de croire que l'employeur inspecté est de fait visé par le décret.

 

Arrêt:  Le pourvoi est accueilli.

 

Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, Sopinka, Cory, McLachlin et Iacobucci:  Les pouvoirs d'inspection prévus au deuxième alinéa du par. 22e) LDCC sont visés par l'art. 8  de la Charte  canadienne .  Le pouvoir de tirer copie d'un document est un pouvoir analogue à celui d'en exiger la production et constitue une saisie au sens de l'art. 8.  Quant aux autres pouvoirs d'inspection énoncés au deuxième alinéa, ils sont assimilables à une perquisition au sens du même article.  La visite des lieux constitue l'assise des pouvoirs d'examiner des documents spécifiques, de vérifier certaines conditions de travail et de requérir des renseignements.  Malgré son caractère moins envahissant que la perquisition, l' inspection est sans conteste une *intrusion+.

 


Ces pouvoirs d'inspection sont raisonnables et ne violent pas l'art. 8.  La LDCC est une loi de nature réglementaire qui vise à assurer des conditions de travail décentes dans certains secteurs de l'industrie où les salariés comptent parmi les plus vulnérables.  Les pouvoirs d'inspection inclus dans cette loi permettent aux comités paritaires de surveiller l'assujettissement des employeurs aux différents décrets et l'observance des conditions de travail qu'ils imposent.  La nécessité de tels pouvoirs est évidente, d'autant plus que le respect des normes imposées par les décrets repose d'abord et avant tout sur l'honnêteté des employeurs.  Vu que les activités des employeurs sont largement réglementées par l'État, les attentes raisonnables qu'ils peuvent entretenir en matière de vie privée à l'égard des documents visés au deuxième alinéa du par. 22e), dont la tenue est spécifiquement envisagée par la LDCC pour les employeurs professionnels, ou à l'égard des lieux où s'exerce l'activité assujettie à des normes particulières, sont considérablement réduites.  De plus, les balises particulières qui encadrent le régime d'inspection protègent dans la mesure du possible le droit à la vie privée des individus affectés.  Les inspecteurs ne peuvent tirer copie que des documents mentionnés au deuxième alinéa.  Ils ne peuvent forcer l'entrée d'un lieu de travail si l'employeur la leur refuse;  ils doivent plutôt entreprendre une poursuite pour entrave.  La possibilité que certaines inspections se déroulent au domicile de l'employeur ou des salariés, lorsqu'il coïncide avec leur lieu de travail, ne diminue pas le caractère raisonnable des pouvoirs d'inspection.  Ces pouvoirs sont suffisamment circonscrits par la nature des personnes visées ‑‑ l'employeur et le salarié ‑‑ pour satisfaire à l'objet de la LDCC.  Quant aux pouvoirs de vérifier certaines données et de requérir des renseignements jugés nécessaires, ils sont essentiels à l'exécution du mandat des comités paritaires.  Ces pouvoirs doivent être exercés en conformité avec l'objet de la LDCC et il sera toujours possible de contester les abus.  Une telle éventualité n'altère pas la validité du régime législatif et l'équilibre qu'il atteint entre les intérêts sociaux et le droit à la vie privée des particuliers.  Enfin, le deuxième alinéa du par. 22e) n'est pas déraisonnable parce qu'il s'applique à tous les employeurs, et non seulement à ceux dont on a des motifs raisonnables de croire qu'ils sont assujettis à un décret.  Dans les limites de leur champ d'application respectif, les décrets lient tous les employeurs.  En l'absence de pouvoirs d'inspection opposables à tous ces derniers, il serait impossible de vérifier, à l'égard de plusieurs d'entre eux, leur assujettissement à un décret donné ou le respect des conditions qu'il impose.

 

Les critères énoncés dans l'arrêt Hunter, qui ont été élaborés dans un contexte fort différent, ne sont pas applicables.  L'exercice des pouvoirs d'inspection prévus au deuxième alinéa du par. 22e) n'entraîne pas les stigmates qui sont normalement associés aux enquêtes de nature criminelle et leurs conséquences sont moins draconiennes.  La possibilité que les personnes chargées de l'application d'une loi découvrent dans le cadre de leur inspection des indices qui en laissent soupçonner la violation n'altère pas l'intention fondamentale qui anime l'exercice des pouvoirs d'inspection.  Il en est ainsi lorsque leur mise en oeuvre est motivée par une plainte.  Le système de plainte constitue un moyen pragmatique non seulement de vérifier les manquements à la LDCC, mais également d'en dissuader la survenance.  Compte tenu de l'importance de l'objectif des lois de nature réglementaire, de la nécessité des pouvoirs d'inspection et des attentes réduites en matière de vie privée, l'équilibre entre les intérêts sociaux et les droits des particuliers ne commande pas l'imposition d'un système d'autorisation préalable en sus de l'aval législatif. 

 

L'analyse qui précède s'applique également à l'art. 24.1 de la Charte québécoise.

 

Les juges Sopinka, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier, McLachlin et Major:  Les pouvoirs conférés aux inspecteurs par le deuxième alinéa du par. 22e) LDCC sont assujettis à la protection constitutionnelle de l'art. 8  de la Charte  canadienne .  Le droit d'obtenir des renseignements auprès de l'employeur et des salariés, de même que celui d'examiner les documents et d'en prendre copie, constituent une *saisie+ au sens de l'art. 8 et, bien qu'il s'agisse d'une inspection administrative, le droit d'accès aux lieux de travail par les inspecteurs est assimilable à une *perquisition+ au sens de cet article.  Ces saisies et perquisitions sont raisonnables et ne violent pas l'art. 8.  La LDCC est une loi qui réglemente certains secteurs de l'industrie par son mécanisme d'extension des conventions collectives par décret.  Son objet est de garantir aux salariés qui travaillent dans ces secteurs d'activités des conditions minimales de travail.  Cet objectif de caractère social est très important puisque les salariés visés par les décrets comptent parmi les plus vulnérables.  Dans ce contexte, les pouvoirs d'inspection du comité paritaire sont essentiels pour assurer l'application des décrets, d'autant plus que le respect de ces derniers relève avant tout de l'honnêteté et de l'intégrité des employeurs. 

Les attentes en matière de vie privée que peuvent entretenir les employeurs visés par la disposition contestée ne sont pas très élevées.  Les documents susceptibles d'être examinés ou reproduits en vertu du par. 22e) ne concernent que l'assujettissement des employeurs à la LDCC et aux différents décrets.  La tenue de la plupart de ces documents est d'ailleurs exigée par la LDCC ou par d'autres lois.  Ces documents sont de nature commerciale et la saisie possible d'éléments de nature personnelle ne saurait, à elle seule, influencer le caractère raisonnable des pouvoirs conférés par la LDCC.  Cette loi n'autorise pas la saisie de documents de nature personnelle et, dans l'éventualité où de tels documents seraient saisis, il serait toujours possible de s'adresser aux tribunaux pour exiger un redressement approprié.  Enfin, les attentes des employeurs en matière de vie privée sont également réduites du fait que les pouvoirs d'inspection s'exercent au lieu de travail des salariés, sans compter que le droit d'accès conféré par la LDCC est relativement limité.

 

La norme du caractère raisonnable est plus souple en matière de réglementation d'un secteur de l'industrie qu'en matière criminelle.  Puisque la LDCC est une loi de nature réglementaire prévoyant des inspections administratives dans un secteur réglementé de l'industrie, les critères de l'arrêt Hunter, exigeant un système d'autorisations préalables basées sur l'existence de motifs raisonnables et probables, ne s'appliquent pas.  Les inspections administratives prévoyant la visite des lieux sans autorisation préalable ne sont pas abusives dans le contexte de la LDCC.  La visite des lieux doit exister afin de bien satisfaire à l'objectif de réglementation et est logiquement liée à l'objet principal de cette loi.  De plus, la LDCC circonscrit de manière importante le déroulement de l'inspection.  La visite doit être faite à une heure raisonnable et s'effectue au lieu de travail des salariés.   Les inspecteurs ne peuvent s'adonner librement à la perquisition des lieux.   L'accès au lieu de travail est permis dans l'unique but de consulter certains documents et d'obtenir des renseignements auprès de l'employeur et des salariés.  La LDCC ne permet pas non plus aux inspecteurs d'utiliser la force pour accéder au lieu de travail.  En cas de refus par l'employeur, les inspecteurs ne peuvent qu'intenter une poursuite pour entrave à l'inspection.  En matière de visite des lieux de travail à des fins administratives, les pouvoirs prévus dans la disposition contestée ne comportent donc qu'une intrusion minimale et bien délimitée dans un contexte où l'attente des employeurs en matière de vie privée est réduite.  Il est de la nature même de l'inspection administrative dans une industrie réglementée qu'elle ait lieu alors qu'il n'existe pas de motifs raisonnables de croire qu'une infraction particulière a été commise. Enfin, la règle qui, dans la jurisprudence américaine, exige l'obtention d'un mandat avant de procéder à une inspection administrative, aujourd'hui pratiquement abandonnée, n'est pas souhaitable ici.  

 


Par ailleurs, une inspection motivée par une plainte d'un employé est en soi insuffisante pour justifier que les inspecteurs soient soumis aux critères de l'arrêt Hunter.  Il existe en effet une distinction importante entre avoir des motifs raisonnables et probables de croire qu'une infraction a été commise et posséder une simple information.  Une inspection sera souvent nécessaire avant même qu'on puisse justifier l'existence de motifs raisonnables de croire qu'une infraction a été commise.  C'est la position que commande le fait que la LDCC ne vise qu'un secteur réglementé de l'industrie.  Enfin, une plainte comme celle formulée en l'espèce qui s'avère fondée une fois l'inspection complétée donne lieu non pas à un recours pénal mais à un recours civil en réclamation de salaire.  Or les recours civils ne sont manifestement pas envisagés dans l'arrêt Hunter.

 

Un motif raisonnable et probable de croire que l'employeur *inspecté+ est de fait visé par le décret n'est pas essentiel à la validité constitutionnelle du deuxième alinéa du par. 22e).  Même si les pouvoirs prévus à cet alinéa peuvent être potentiellement exercés à l'encontre de tous les employeurs et non uniquement des employeurs assujettis à un décret, ces pouvoirs ne sont pas abusifs.  Tous les employeurs de même que tous les salariés entrent dans le champ d'application de la LDCC parce que c'est la nature du travail exécuté par un employé, et non le genre d'entreprise d'un employeur, qui importe lorsqu'il s'agit de déterminer l'assujettissement à l'application des décrets.  Vu les rouages particuliers de la LDCC, les inspecteurs doivent disposer des moyens de vérifier si un employeur donné est bel et bien assujetti à un décret.  Une telle détermination est parfois difficile sans inspection préalable compte tenu du caractère technique des modalités d'application des décrets.  En outre, on doit présumer que les inspecteurs, en raison de leur expertise particulière au sein d'un comité paritaire, conduiront, dans la majorité des cas, des inspections chez les employeurs dont ils soupçonnent l'assujettissement à un décret.  De cette manière, non seulement les abus seront‑ils prévenus, mais les atteintes aux attentes raisonnables en matière de vie privée seront minimales.

 

La méthode d'analyse et les critères élaborés relativement à l'art. 8  de la Charte  canadienne  s'appliquent tout aussi bien à l'art. 24.1 de la Charte québécoise.  En conséquence, selon cette analyse, le deuxième alinéa du par. 22e) ne viole pas l'art. 24.1.

 

La demande de production de documents prévue au quatrième alinéa du par. 22e) constitue une *saisie+ au sens de l'art. 24.1 de la Charte québécoise, mais cette saisie est raisonnable et ne viole pas l'art. 24.1.  Le quatrième alinéa circonscrit suffisamment les documents dont les inspecteurs ont le pouvoir d'exiger la consultation ou d'ordonner la production.

 

POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel du Québec, [1992] R.J.Q. 1743, 75 C.C.C. (3d) 367, 49 Q.A.C. 81, 10 C.R.R. (2d) 335, qui a infirmé un jugement de la Cour supérieure, [1989] R.J.Q. 1575, qui avait confirmé un jugement de la Cour du Québec, J.E. 89‑227, D.T.E. 89T‑80, déclarant les intimés coupables d'infractions en vertu de l'art. 33 de la Loi sur les décrets de convention collective.  Pourvoi accueilli.

 

Michelle LeFrançois, pour l'appelant le Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise.

 

Monique Rousseau et Gilles Laporte, pour l'appelant le procureur général du Québec.

 

Jean Dagenais, Avrum P. Orenstein et Susan Orenstein Little, pour les intimés.

 

Leah Price, pour l'intervenant le procureur général de l'Ontario.

 

Thomson Irvine, pour l'intervenant le procureur général de la Saskatchewan.

 

Robert C. Maybank, pour l'intervenant le procureur général de l'Alberta.

 

François Beauvais et Diane Fortier, pour l'intervenante l'Association des comités paritaires du Québec Inc.

 

Procureurs des appelants:  Dubuc, LeFrançois & Associés, St‑Laurent; Gilles Laporte et Monique Rousseau, Ste‑Foy.

 

Procureurs des intimés:  Orenstein, Ruby, Orenstein, Montréal.

 

Procureur de l'intervenant le procureur général de l'Ontario:  George Thomson, Toronto.

 

Procureur de l'intervenant le procureur général de la Saskatchewan:  W. Brent Cotter, Regina.

 

Procureur de l'intervenant le procureur général de l'Alberta:  Robert C. Maybank, Edmonton.

 

Procureurs de l'intervenante l'Association des comités paritaires du Québec Inc.:  Allaire Fortier, Montréal.

 

 

Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.


Constitutional law ‑‑ Charter of Rights  ‑‑ Unreasonable search or seizure ‑‑ Inspections ‑‑ Powers of inspection of an agency responsible for implementing a government decree in a regulated industrial sector ‑‑ Whether these powers of inspection, conferred by a provincial statute, infringe s. 8  of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  ‑‑ Act respecting Collective Agreement Decrees, R.S.Q., c. D‑2, s. 22(e).

 

Civil rights ‑‑ Unreasonable search or seizure ‑‑ Inspections ‑‑ Powers of inspection of an agency responsible for implementing a government decree in a regulated industrial sector ‑‑ Whether these powers of inspection, conferred by a provincial statute, infringe s. 24.1 of the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, R.S.Q., c. C‑12 ‑‑ Act respecting Collective Agreement Decrees, R.S.Q., c. D‑2, s. 22(e).

 

Following a complaint, the appellant Comité paritaire was informed that work had been given sewing shirts with the brand of the respondent Sélection Milton to employees who were not paid.  Inspectors from the Comité paritaire went to the respondent's premises on two occasions to obtain a list of the shirt sewing subcontracts given out by the respondent, see the respondent's pay register and visit its workshop in order to meet with the employees.  Under the second paragraph of s. 22(e) of the Act respecting Collective Agreement Decrees ("ACAD"), inspectors "may, as of right and at any reasonable time, examine the registration system, the compulsory register and the pay‑list of any employer, take copies or extracts therefrom, verify as regards any employer and any employee the rate of wage, duration of work, apprenticeship system and observance of the other provisions of the decree [and] require . . . all information deemed necessary".  The respondent Potash, representing Sélection Milton, refused to grant these requests on the ground that the inspectors had no search warrant.  Proceedings were then brought against the respondents pursuant to s. 33 ACAD and the respondents were fined for having obstructed the inspection.  The Court of Québec concluded that s. 22(e) did not infringe either s. 24.1 of the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms or s. 8  of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms .  On appeal by trial de novo, the Superior Court upheld this judgment, but the Court of Appeal allowed the respondents' appeal and rendered a verdict of not guilty.  The court concluded that the second paragraph of s. 22(e) is inconsistent with s. 24.1 of the Quebec Charter and s. 8  of the Canadian  Charter  since it does not contain a requirement of reasonable and probable grounds to believe that the inspected employer is in fact covered by the decree.

 

Held:  The appeal should be allowed.

 

Per Lamer C.J. and La Forest, Sopinka, Cory, McLachlin and Iacobucci JJ.:  The powers of inspection set out in the second paragraph of s. 22(e) ACAD are contemplated by s. 8  of the Canadian  Charter .  The power to make copies of documents is analogous to that of requiring documents to be produced and constitutes a seizure within the meaning of s. 8.  As for the other inspection powers set out in the second paragraph, they may be assimilated to a search within the meaning of the same section.  The visit to the premises is the foundation of the power to examine specific documents, verify certain working conditions, and require information.  Despite being less invasive than a search, inspection is unquestionably an "intrusion".

 

These powers of inspection are reasonable and do not infringe s. 8.  The ACAD is a regulatory statute whose purpose is to ensure decent working conditions in certain sectors of industry where employees are among the most vulnerable.  The inspection powers set out in this Act enable the parity committees to monitor compliance by employers with the various decrees and observance of the working conditions they impose.  The need for such powers is clear, especially since compliance with the standards imposed by the decrees depends first and foremost on employer honesty.  Given that employers' activities are extensively regulated by the state, the reasonable expectations of privacy they may have with respect to the documents mentioned in s. 22(e), whose content is specifically provided for by the ACAD for professional employers, or with respect to the premises where an activity subject to specific standards is conducted, are considerably lower.  Moreover, the particular limits placed on the inspection scheme protect, so far as possible, the right to privacy of the individuals affected.  Inspectors may not make copies of any documents other than those mentioned in the second paragraph.  They may not force an entry into a workplace if the employer refuses to admit them; they must rather bring proceedings for obstruction.  The possibility that certain inspections may take place at the home of the employer or of the employees, when it coincides with their workplace, does not make the inspection powers less reasonable.  These powers are sufficiently circumscribed by the nature of the persons affected ‑‑ the employer and employee ‑‑ to attain the purpose of the ACAD.  The powers to check certain information and to require information deemed necessary are essential to the carrying out of the parity committees' function.  These powers must be exercised in accordance with the purpose of the ACAD and it will always be possible to challenge abuses.  Such a possibility does not alter the validity of the legislative scheme and the balance it strikes between the interests of society and the individual's right to privacy.  Finally, the second paragraph of s. 22(e) is not unreasonable by reason of its application to all employers, and not only those that inspectors have reasonable grounds to believe are subject to a decree.  Within the limits of their respective areas of application, the decrees are binding on all employers.  If the inspection powers were not applicable to all employers, it would be impossible to verify whether some of them were covered by a given decree or acted in compliance with the conditions it imposes.

 


The criteria set out in Hunter, which were developed in a very different context, are not applicable.  The exercise of the powers of inspection set out in the second paragraph of s. 22(e) does not carry with it the stigmas normally associated with criminal investigations and their consequences are less draconian.  The possibility that those responsible for enforcing a statute will uncover in the course of inspections facts that point to a violation does not alter the underlying purpose behind the exercise of the powers of inspection.  The same is true when the enforcement is prompted by a complaint.  The complaint system is a practical means not only of checking whether contraventions of the ACAD have occurred, but also of deterring them.  In view of the important purpose of regulatory legislation, the need for powers of inspection and the lower expectations of privacy, a proper balance between the interests of society and the rights of individuals does not require, in addition to the legislative authority, a system of prior authorization.

 

The preceding analysis also applies to s. 24.1 of the Quebec Charter.

 

Per Sopinka, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier, McLachlin and Major JJ.:  The powers conferred on inspectors by the second paragraph of s. 22(e) ACAD are subject to the constitutional protection of s. 8  of the Canadian  Charter .   The right to obtain information from the employer and employees, and the right to examine documents and make copies of them, constitute a "seizure" within the meaning of s. 8 and, although it is an administrative inspection, the right of access by inspectors to work premises is comparable to a "search" within the meaning of this section.  These searches and seizures are reasonable and do not infringe s. 8.  The ACAD regulates certain industrial sectors through its mechanism for extending collective agreements by decree.  Its purpose is to guarantee employees working in these sectors of activity minimum working conditions.  This social objective is very important, as the employees covered by the decrees are among the most vulnerable.  In this context, the powers of inspection of the parity committees are essential to ensure implementation of the decrees, particularly as compliance with the decrees is primarily a matter of honesty and integrity on the part of employers.

 

The expectations of privacy which employers covered by the disputed provision may have are not very high.  The documents that may be examined or reproduced under s. 22(e) relate only to the coverage of employers by the ACAD and various decrees.  The keeping of most of these documents is in any case required by the ACAD or other legislation.  These documents are commercial in nature, and the mere possibility of seizure of information of a personal nature cannot by itself determine whether the powers conferred by the ACAD are reasonable.  The ACAD does not authorize the seizure of documents of a personal nature, and in the event that such documents would be seized, one could always apply to the courts for an appropriate remedy.  Finally, the expectations of privacy which employers may have are further reduced by the fact that the powers of inspection are exercised at the employees' workplace, even discounting the fact that the right of access conferred by the ACAD is relatively limited.

 

The standard of reasonableness is less strict in a matter involving the regulation of an industrial sector than it is in criminal matters.  Since the ACAD is regulatory legislation providing for administrative inspections in a regulated industrial sector, the rules in Hunter, requiring a system of prior authorization based on the existence of reasonable and probable grounds, do not apply.  Administrative inspections involving a visit to the premises without prior authorization are not unreasonable in the context of the ACAD.  The visit of the premises must be necessary in order to properly serve the regulatory objective and be rationally connected to the main purpose of the Act.  Moreover, the ACAD significantly circumscribes the manner in which the inspection will take place.  The visit must be made at a reasonable time and takes place at the employees' workplace.  The inspectors cannot freely engage in a search of the premises.  Access to the workplace is permitted solely in order to consult certain documents and obtain information from the employer and employees.  Nor does the ACAD permit inspectors to use force to gain access to the workplace.  In the event of a refusal by the employer, the inspectors can only lay charges for obstruction of an inspection.  With respect to visits to a workplace for administrative purposes, the powers conferred by the disputed provision imply only a minimum and very circumscribed intrusion in a context in which employers have a lower expectation of privacy.  It is of the very nature of an administrative inspection in a regulated industry that it takes place when there are no reasonable grounds to believe that a particular offence has been committed.  Finally, the rule in U.S. jurisprudence requiring that a warrant be obtained before undertaking an administrative inspection, a rule which has now been abandoned in practice, is not desirable here.

 

Furthermore, an inspection resulting from a complaint made by an employee is insufficient in itself to justify inspectors being subject to the requirements of Hunter.  There is an important distinction between having reasonable and probable grounds to believe that an offence was committed and simply having an information.  An inspection will often be necessary before it is even possible to establish the existence of reasonable grounds to believe that a breach of the law has occurred.  This is the position mandated by the fact that the ACAD covers only a regulated industrial sector.  Finally, a complaint such as the one filed here which is proved valid once the inspection is completed leads not to a penal proceeding but to a civil claim for wages.  Civil actions are clearly not contemplated in Hunter.

 


Reasonable and probable grounds to believe that the "inspected" employer is in fact covered by the decree are not essential to the constitutional validity of the second paragraph of s. 22(e).  Even if the powers conferred by that paragraph may potentially be exercised against all employers and not merely those subject to a decree, these powers are not unreasonable.  All employers, as well as all employees, come within the ambit of the ACAD, because it is the nature of the work done by an employee and not the employer's type of business which matters in determining whether they are subject to the application of the decrees.  In view of the particular scheme of the ACAD, inspectors must have the means of determining whether a given employer is in fact subject to a decree.   Such a determination is sometimes difficult without prior inspection given the technical nature of the provisions for the application of decrees.  In addition, it should be assumed that, because of their particular expertise on a parity committee, inspectors will, in most cases, conduct inspections at the premises of employers which they suspect are subject to a decree.  In this way, not only will abuses be avoided but infringements of reasonable expectations of privacy will be minimal.

 

The analytical approach and the tests developed in relation to s. 8  of the Canadian  Charter  apply equally to s. 24.1 of the Quebec Charter.  According to this analysis, the second paragraph of s. 22(e) does not infringe s. 24.1.

 

The request for the production of documents provided for in the fourth paragraph of s. 22(e) constitutes a "seizure" within the meaning of s. 24.1 of the Quebec Charter, but this seizure is reasonable and does not infringe s. 24.1.  The fourth paragraph places adequate limits on the documents of which the inspectors have the power to request consultation or production.

 

APPEAL from a judgment of the Quebec Court of Appeal, [1992] R.J.Q. 1743, 75 C.C.C. (3d) 367, 49 Q.A.C. 81, 10 C.R.R. (2d) 335, reversing a judgment of the Superior Court, [1989] R.J.Q. 1575, affirming a judgment of the Court of Québec, J.E. 89‑227, D.T.E. 89T‑80, convicting the respondents of of offences under s. 33 of the Act respecting Collective Agreement Decrees.  Appeal allowed.

 

Michelle LeFrançois, for the appellant the Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise.

 

Monique Rousseau and Gilles Laporte, for the appellant the Attorney General of Quebec.

 

Jean Dagenais, Avrum P. Orenstein and Susan Orenstein Little, for the respondents.

 

Leah Price, for the intervener the Attorney General for Ontario.

 

Thomson Irvine, for the intervener the Attorney General for Saskatchewan.

 

Robert C. Maybank, for the intervener the Attorney General for Alberta.

 

François Beauvais and Diane Fortier, for the intervener the Association des comités paritaires du Québec Inc.

 

Solicitors for the appellants:  Dubuc, LeFrançois & Associés, St‑Laurent; Gilles Laporte and Monique Rousseau, Ste‑Foy.

 

Solicitors for the respondents:  Orenstein, Ruby, Orenstein, Montréal.

 

Solicitor for the intervener the Attorney General for Ontario:  George Thomson, Toronto.

 

Solicitor for the intervener the Attorney General for Saskatchewan:  W. Brent Cotter, Regina.

 

Solicitor for the intervener the Attorney General for Alberta:  Robert C. Maybank, Edmonton.

 

Solicitors for the intervener the Association des comités paritaires du Québec Inc.:  Allaire Fortier, Montréal.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


David Roblin, et al v. Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.) (Ont.) - and between - Robert Wilson Rowbotham, et al v. Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)(23300/23302)

Indexed as:  R. v. Rowbotham; R. v. Roblin /Répertorié:  R. c. Rowbotham; R. c. Roblin

Hearing and judgment:  December 8, 1993; Additional reasons delivered:  June 23, 1994. /

Audition et jugement:  8 décembre 1993; Motifs additionels déposés:  23 juin 1994.

                                                                                                                                               Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory and Major JJ.

 

Criminal law ‑‑ Jury ‑‑ Directed verdict ‑‑ Jury reluctant to accede to trial judge's direction to enter verdict of not guilty ‑‑ Supreme Court of Canada recommending that procedure for directed verdicts be modified.

 

The common law procedure with respect to directed verdicts should be modified:  in instances where in the past the trial judge would have directed the jury to return a verdict of not guilty, the trial judge should now withdraw the case from the jury and enter an acquittal.  While concerns about judicial abuses of authority may have originally justified the traditional procedure, they are no longer relevant.  Furthermore, there are considerable policy justifications for reforming the procedure.

 

ADDITIONAL REASONS to a judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 834, affirming a judgment of the Ontario Court of Appeal (1992), 60 O.A.C. 75, 76 C.C.C. (3d) 542, setting aside the accused's acquittals and ordering a new trial.

 

Philip Campbell and Delmar Doucette, for the appellants.

 

D. D. Graham Reynolds, Q.C., and David Littlefield, for the respondent.

 

Solicitors for the appellant Rowbotham:  Nakatsuru & Doucette, Toronto.

 

Solicitors for the appellant Roblin:  Copeland, Liss, Campbell, Toronto.

 

Solicitor for the respondent:  John C. Tait, Ottawa.

 

 

Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory et Major.

 

Code criminel  ‑‑ Jury ‑‑ Verdict imposé ‑‑ Jury hésitant à suivre les directives du juge du procès de rendre un verdict de non-culpabilité ‑‑ Recommandation par la Cour suprême du Canada de modifier la procédure pour les verdicts imposés.

 

Il y a lieu de modifier la procédure de common law relative aux verdicts imposés:  dans les cas où, par le passé, le juge du procès aurait obligé le jury à rendre un verdict de non-culpabilité, le juge du procès devrait maintenant dessaisir le jury et prononcer un verdict d'acquittement.  Si les préoccupations quant à l'exercice abusif par les juges de leurs pouvoirs ont pu justifier la procédure à l'origine, elles ne sont plus pertinentes.  En outre, il existe de nombreuses justifications de principe de procéder à cette réforme.

 

MOTIFS ADDITIONELS à un arrêt de la Cour suprême du Canada, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 834, qui a confirmé un jugement de la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario (1992), 60 O.A.C. 75, 76 C.C.C. (3d) 542, qui avait annulé les acquittements des accusés et ordonné la tenue d'un nouveau procès.

 

Philip Campbell et Delmar Doucette, pour les appelants.

 

D. D. Graham Reynolds, c.r., et David Littlefield, pour l'intimée.

 

Procureurs de l'appelant Rowbotham:  Nakatsuru & Doucette, Toronto.

 

Procureurs de l'appelant Roblin:  Copeland, Liss, Campbell, Toronto.

 

Procureur de l'intimée:  John C. Tait, Ottawa.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



WEEKLY AGENDA

 

ORDRE DU JOUR DE LA

SEMAINE


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 

 

The next session of the Supreme Court of Canada commences on October 3, 1994. /

La prochaine session de la Cour suprême du Canada débute le 3 octobre 1994.

 

The next bulletin of proceedings will be published July 22, 1994. /

Le prochain bulletin des procédures sera publié le 22 juillet 1994


This index includes applications for leave to appeal standing for judgment at the beginning of 1994 and all the applications for leave to appeal filed or heard in 1994 up to now.

 

Cet index comprend les requêtes en autorisation de pourvoi en délibéré au début de 1994 et toutes celles produites ou entendues en 1994 jusqu'à maintenant.

                                                                                                                               


*01         Refused/Refusée

*02         Refused with costs/Refusée avec dépens

*03         Granted/Accordée

*04         Granted with costs/Accordée avec dépens

*05         Discontinuance filed/Désistement produit


*A           Applications for leave to appeal filed/Requêtes en autorisation de pourvoi produites

*B           Submitted to the Court/Soumises à la Cour

*C           Oral Hearing/Audience

*D           Reserved/En délibéré


                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                 Status/              Disposition/

 CASE/AFFAIRE                                                                         Statut                   Résultat

                                                                                                                Page

                                                                                                                                            

1229-1605 Québec Inc. c. Marché A.J.T. Inc. (Qué.),

   23880, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                       2373(93)                                            355(94)

146919 Canada Ltd. v. Sherwin (Ont.), 23559, *02 16.6.94                                                                                                                   1182(93)                                            1032(94)

2108496 Manitoba Ltd. v. Assessor for the City of

   Winnipeg (Man.), 23999, *B                                                                                                                                                                  511(94)

332415 Alberta Ltd. v. Edmonton Oilers Hockey Corporation

   (Alta.), 23994, *05 17.5.94                                                                                                                                                                      336(94)                                               856(94)

715341 Ontario Ltd. v. Minister of National Revenue (F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23912, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    165(94)                                               563(94)

A.J. v. Government of Manitoba (Man.), 23770, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                  2250(93)                                            349(94)

A.J.L. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23919, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                             207(94)                                               552(94)

A.K. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23808, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                             88(94)                                                 698(94)

Accurpress Manufacturing Ltd. v. Stoddard (B.C.), 23882, *A                                                                                                              2282(93)

Alain v. Attorney General of Canada (B.C.), 23373, *A                                                                                                                           4(93)

Alberta Human Rights Commission v. Co-operators General

   Insurance Co. (Alta.), 23951, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                             396(94)                                               935(94)

Allam c. Nessia Investments Ltd. (Qué.), 23168, *A                                                                                                                                2048(92)

Allegretti v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24053, *B                                                                                                                                       733(94)

Alouette Amusements Canada Inc. c. Sous-ministre du Revenu du Québec

   (Qué.), 23954, *01 7.4.94                                                                                                                                                                        281(94)                                               556(94)

Amoco Canada Resources Ltd. v. Mesa Operating Partnership Ltd.

   (Alta.), 24123, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        1031(94)

Amos v. Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (B.C.),

   24164, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      1061(94)

Amusements Pinocchio Inc. c. Corporation municipale de Dollard-

   Des-Ormeaux (Qué.), 24181, *A                                                                                                                                                          974(94)

Anderson v. Anderson (Man.), 24066, *B                                                                                                                                                    850(94)

Archambault c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 24078, *B                                                                                                                                   738(94)

Arndt v. Arndt (Ont.), 23854, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                       2367(93)                                            351(94)

Arthur Andersen, Inc. v. Toronto-Dominion Bank (Ont.), 24111, *A                                                                                                   800(94)

Atlantic Provinces Trucking Association v. Halifax-Dartmouth

   Bridge Commission (N.S.), 24051, *B                                                                                                                                                 735(94)

Atta c. Malouf (Qué.), 23672, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                   2138(93)                                            93(94)

Attis v. Board of School Trustees, District No. 15

   (N.B.), 24002, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        506(94)

Attorney General for the Province of Ontario v. Pamajewon

   (Ont.), 23986, *02 12.5.94                                                                                                                                                                       532(94)                                               807(94)

Attorney General of British Columbia v. McCallum (B.C.),

   23767, *02 19.5.94                                                                                                                                                                                    282(94)                                               854(94)

Attorney General of Canada c. Floyd (F.C.A.)(Qué.), 24018, *B                                                                                                          517(94)

Attorney General of Ontario v. Franks (Ont.), 24069, *B                                                                                                                       926(94)

Attridge v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Alta.), 23926, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                        340(94)                                               942(94)

Augusma c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 24144, *B                                                                                                                                          876(94)

Auto Concrete Curb Ltd. v. South Nation River

   Conservation Authority (Ont.), 23090, *A                                                                                                                                         1732(92)

Avrith c. Richter, Usher & Vineberg (Qué.), 24036, *B                                                                                                                            534(94)


B.C.C. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24062, *B                                                                                                                                             734(94)

Baker v. MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. (Crim.)(B.C.), 24171, *B                                                                                                                     1056(94)

Baldwin v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23737, *B                                                                                                                                         7(94)

Baril v. Liard (Ont.), 24035, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                          541(94)                                               938(94)

Baron c. Karas (Qué.), 23967, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                   404(94)                                               564(94)

Baroni v. The Queen (N.S.), 23439, *A                                                                                                                                                          478(93)

Barrons v. Hyundai Auto Canada Inc. (Ont.),

   23853, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    166(94)                                               563(94)

Barrys Ltd. v. Fishermen, Food and Allied Workers' Union

   (Nfld.), 23877, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                        508(94)                                               943(94)

Bartlett v. Attorney General of Canada (N.S.), 24170, *A                                                                                                                      973(94)

Barzal v. The Queen (B.C.), 23730, *05 13.4.94                                                                                                                                         594(94)                                               594(94)

Bateman v. Doiron (N.B.), 23980, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                             446(94)                                               745(94)

Bazinet c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23714, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                            1843(93)                                            16(94)

Bekar v. Bekar (B.C.), 23971, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                      504(94)                                               935(94)

Bell (Noel Edwin) v. Canadian Human Rights Commission

   (F.C.A.), 24134, *B                                                                                                                                                                                     929(94)

Bell (Rodger) v. The Queen (B.C.), 23756, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                              2363(93)                                            173(94)

Bellefleur c. Procureur général du Québec (Qué.),

   23762, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                       2140(93)                                            354(94)

Bempong v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23856, *01 10.2.94                                                                                                                    2362(93)                                            215(94)

Benner v. Secretary of State of Canada (F.C.A.), 23811, *03

   10.3.94   2287(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      413(94)

Bennett v. Superintendent of Brokers (B.C.), 23979, *02

   2.6.94      528(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        948(94)

Biddle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23734, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                           1842(93)                                            218(94)

Biddle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23885, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                             2361(93)                                            173(94)

Bishop v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23871, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                            2363(93)                                            356(94)

Blackwell v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24073, *B                                                                                                                                      924(94)

Bleasdale v. The Queen (B.C.), 23729, *05 14.4.94                                                                                                                                  594(94)                                               594(94)

Boileau c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23942, *01 7.4.94                                                                                                                               168(94)                                               556(94)

Bougie c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 24192, *A                                                                                                                                               1053(94)

Bovbel v. Minister of Employment and Immigration (F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   24108, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      850(94)

Branco v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 24060, *B                                                                                                                                           736(94)

Brault c. Fontaine (Qué.), 23953, *A                                                                                                                                                              196(94)

Bremner v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23789, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                      2200(93)                                            14(94)

Bridges Brothers Ltd. v. The Queen in the name of the

   Minister of National Revenue (F.C.A.), 24101, *B                                                                                                                          878(94)

Brock v. Attorney General of Canada (B.C.), 23774, *02

   27.1.94   2209(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      93994)

Brown v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24047, *B                                                                                                                                            542(94)

Burke v. The Queen (Crim.)(Nfld.), 24071, *B                                                                                                                                            924(94)

Burton c. City of Verdun (Qué.), 24105, *B                                                                                                                                                  876(94)

Butchart v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23956, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                      268(94)                                               550(94)

C & M McNally Engineering Inc. v. Greater Moncton Sewage

   Commission (N.B.), 23768, *02 17.2.94                                                                                                                                             2206(93)                                            238(94)

C.A.S. v. J.F.T. (B.C.), 23796, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                      2072(93)                                            216(94)

C.C. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23920, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                               208(94)                                               552(94)

Campbell v. Campbell (Ont.), 23921, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                                     505(94)                                               560(94)

Canadian Association of Regulated Importers v. Attorney

   General of Canada (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24025, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                    524(94)                                               944(94)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Attorney General of the

   province of Saskatchewan (Crim.)(Sask.), 23738, *B                                                                                                                    1797(93)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Pierre (B.C.), 23837, *02

   3.3.94      2367(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      351(94)

Canadian Commercial Bank v. Crawford, Smith & Swallow (Ont.),

   24188, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      1052(94)

Canadian Human Rights Commission v. Attorney General of Canada

   (F.C.A.)(Man.), 24197, *A                                                                                                                                                                        1053(94)

Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v. Sayani (B.C.),

   23862, *02 10.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    9(94)                                                    413(94)

Canadian Jewish Congress v. Board of School Trustees, District No. 15


   (N.B.), 24002, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        508(94)

Canadian Life and Health Insurance Compensation Corporation c.

   Services de santé du Québec (Qué.), 23746, *02 28.4.94                                                                                                            2369(93)                                            698(94)

Canadian Pacific Ltd. v. The Queen in right of Ontario (Crim.)(Ont.),

   23721, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    1940(93)                                            211(94)

Canadian Union of Postal Workers v. Canada Labour Relations

   Board (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23989, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                              447(94)                                               745(94)

Canassurance, Compagnie d'assurance-vie Inc. c. Bourassa

   (Qué.), 24090, *02 19.5.94                                                                                                                                                                      687(94)                                               854(94)

Castaldo v. Lento (Ont.), 23908, *02 31.3.94                                                                                                                                              272(94)                                               553(94)

Chaba v. Greschuk (Alta.), 23000, *A                                                                                                                                                            1216(92)

Chaisson v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.B.), 24129, *B                                                                                                                                       927(94)

Chan v. Minister of Employment and Immigration (F.C.A.)(B.C.),

   23813, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2246(93)                                            214(94)

Chen v. Minister of Employment and Immigration (F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23984, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    519(94)                                               699(94)

Chisan v. The Queen (Alta.), 24032, *02 9.6.94                                                                                                                                         539(94)                                               979(94)

Christie MacKay & Co. v. The Queen in right of the province

   of Manitoba (Man.), 24063, *B                                                                                                                                                             851(94)

Coalition of Citizens for a Charter Challenge v. Metropolitan

   Authority (N.S.), 23911, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                    9(94)                                                    91(94)

Cohnstaedt v. University of Regina (Sask.), 24146, *B                                                                                                                           1029(94)

Collier v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23706, *B                                                                                                                                            1027(94)

Commercial Union Assurance Co. of Canada v. Bank

   of Nova Scotia (N.S.), 23777, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                            2204(93)                                            347(94)

Compagnie minière Lamaque Ltée c. Sous-ministre de

   l'Énergie et des Ressources du Québec (Qué.),

   23684, *01 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    1561(93)                                            211(94)

Compagnie minière Québec Cartier c. Métallurgistes unis

   d'Amérique, local 6869 (Qué.), 23960, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                          280(94)                                               950(94)

Conrad v. Minicipality of the County of Halifax province of

   Nova Scotia (N.S.), 24191, *A                                                                                                                                                                1053(94)

Consolidated Enfield Corporation v. Blair (Ont.), 23887, *03

   28.4.94   338(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        690(94)

Construction Amtron Inc. c. Corbeil (Qué.),

   22562, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      1783(91)

Constructions Drumco Inc. c. Canaassurance, Compagnie

   d'Assurance-vie Inc. (Qué.), 24050, *02 19.5.94                                                                                                                             537(94)                                               854(94)

Cooper v. Canadian Human Rights Commission (F.C.A.),

   24135, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      929(94)

Coopérative Forestière du Nord-Ouest c. Deschênes (Qué.),

   23779, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2075(93)                                            92(94)

Coopers & Lybrand OYDL Inc. v. Royal Trust Co. (Ont.),

   23771, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    78(94)                                                 561(94)

Cormier c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23847, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                              2251(93)                                            176(94)

Corporation of the City of London v. Mortimer (Ont.),

   24094, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      846(94)

Corporation of the City of Stratford v. Large (Ont.),

   24004, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                       522(94)                                               936(94)

Côté c. La Reine (Qué.), 23707, *03 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                  1799(93)                                            353(94)

Cousineau c. Petitpas (Qué.), 23830, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                     2141(93)                                            17(94)

Craig v. Lahey (N.B.), 23828, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                      2365(93)                                            350(94)

Crawford v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23711, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                     2133(93)                                            212(94)

Cross v. Wood (Crim.)(Man.), 24065, *B                                                                                                                                                      875(94)

D.E.P. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23892, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                            11(94)                                                 411(94)

D.M.S. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23878, *01 10.2.94                                                                                                                         5(94)                                                    216(94)

D.S c. V.W. (Qué.), 23765, *B                                                                                                                                                                           2005(93)

Darryl C. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23852, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                      5(94)                                                    406(94)

Delgamuukw v. The Queen in right of the province of

   British Columbia (B.C.), 23799, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                      82(94)                                                 548(94)

Delitcheva c. La Reine (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23788, *01 27.1.94                                                                                                                     2141(93)                                            93(94)

Delorey v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24030, *B                                                                                                                                         734(94)

Del Zotto v. Minister of National Revenue (F.C.A.)(Ont.),


   23842, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2211(93)                                            412(94)

Descoteaux c. Banque nationale du Canada (Qué.),

   23863, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2372(93)                                            94(94)

Desfossés c. Warden of Parthenais Prevention Centre (Crim.)(Qué.),

   *01 9.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                                     981(94)                                               981(94)

Deshane v. Deere & Co. (Ont.), 23870, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                                206(94)                                               695(94)

Desloges v. Canadian Kennel Club (Ont.), 23981, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                            446(94)                                               558(94)

Devereaux v. Morrow (Ont.), 23798, *A                                                                                                                                                      2068(93)

Di Rubbo c. Corporation municipale de Dollard-Des-Ormeaux

   (Qué.), 24181, *B                                                                                                                                                                                       1061(94)

Dick v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 24059, *B                                                                                                                                               730(94)

Dilling v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23759, *01 16.6.94                                                                                                                           527(94)                                               1034(94)

District of Chilliwack v. Jesperson's Brake & Muffler Ltd.

   (B.C.), 24104, *B                                                                                                                                                                                         932(94)

Doman v. Superintendent of Brokers (B.C.), 23938, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                           528(94)                                               947(94)

Dominique c. Abramowitz (Qué.), 24044, *B                                                                                                                                              882(94)

Dompierre c. Provost (Qué.), 24049, *B                                                                                                                                                       545(94)

Dow Corning Corporation v. Hollis (B.C.), 23776, *03

   10.3.94   2202(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      412(94)

Dubé c. Salomon (Qué.), 24136, *B                                                                                                                                                               1059(94)

Dubé c. Ville de Hull (Qué.), 24112, *B                                                                                                                                                         882(94)

Dubois c. Raymond, Chabot, Fafard, Gagnon Inc. (Qué.),

   23993, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      685(94)

Duchesneau c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23716, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                     2290(93)                                            354(94)

Dunn v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24041, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                               533(94)                                               946(94)

Dupuy c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 24088, *B                                                                                                                                               804(94)

EBCO Industries Ltd. v. ICAM Technologies Corporation (B.C.),

   23963, *05 7.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                       397(94)                                               594(94)

Edwards v. Solicitor General of Ontario (Ont.), 23932, *01

   2.6.94      279(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        950(94)

Elliot v. Elliot (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23896, *01 2.6.94                                                                                                                                            395(94)                                               934(94)

Employers Insurance of Wausau v. Burns (Ont.), 24054, *02

   23.6.94   682(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        1063(94)

Eneas v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 24086, *B                                                                                                                                             732(94)

Engerdahl v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23758, *01 2.6.94                                                                                                                      340(94)                                               940(94)

English v. The Queen (Crim.)(Nfld.), 23832, *01 31.3.94                                                                                                                        2287(93)                                            554(94)

Eryomin v. Minister of Employment and Immigration (F.C.A.),

   23383, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      4(93)

Fabrikant c. The Queen (Crim.)(Qué.), 23795, *01 2.6.94                                                                                                                      532(94)                                               937(94)

Fadelle v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 24046, *01 2.6.94                                                                                                                            531(94)                                               937(94)

Fiqia v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23945, *01 2.6.94                                                                                                                                680(94)                                               939(94)

Fire v. Longtin (Ont.), 24148, *A                                                                                                                                                                      844(94)

Firscliff Development Inc. c. Raymond, Chabot, Fafard, Gagnon Inc.

   (Qué.), 23850, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      2291(93)                                            222(94)

Firscliff Development Inc. c. Raymond, Chabot, Fafard, Gagnon Inc.

   (Qué.), 23851, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      2292(93)                                            222(94)

Fiumara v. Commissioner of Corrections (Crim.)(F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23735, *01 20.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2244(93)                                            22(94)

Flamand c. Corporation des religieuses de Jésus-Marie (Qué.),

   24196, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      1053(94)

Fletcher v. Corporation of the Township of Scugog (Ont.),

   23699, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    79(94)                                                 562(94)

Flibotte c. Ville de St-Basile-Le-Grand (Qué.), 24165, *B                                                                                                                       1029(94)

Foster v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23745, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                           2047(93)                                            14(94)

Foyer de Val d'Or Inc. c. Syndicat des employés du Foyer de

  Val d'Or (Qué.), 23998, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                           512(94)                                               749(94)

Frankie v. Commissioner of Corrections (Crim.)(F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23736, *01 20.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2243(93)                                            21(94)

Friedman c. Sous-ministre du Revenu du Québec (Qué.), 23844, *02

   3.2.94      2253(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      171(94)

Friesen v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(B.C.), 23922, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                        164(94)                                               692(94)

G.L.B. c. M.P. (Qué.), 23744, *B                                                                                                                                                                       1943(93)

Gaulin (Pierre André) c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.),


   23874, *01 31.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    167(94)                                               555(94)

Gaulin (Raymonde) c. Centre des services sociaux de la

   Gaspésie et des Îles de la Madeleine (Qué.), 23793, *B                                                                                                              686(94)

Gilbert c. La Reine (C.A.F.), 23723, *02 24.3.94                                                                                                                                         2371(93)                                            550(94)

Gill v. The Queen (B.C.)(Crim.), 23903, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                                 202(94)                                               549(94)

Gillespie v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.B.), 22771, *01 27.1.94                                                                                                                      13(94)                                                 95(94)

Gladstone v. The Queen (B.C.), 23801, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                 83(94)                                                 408(94)

Godin c. Société conadienne de la Croix-Rouge (Qué.),

   23702, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    1751(93)                                            15(94)

Godon v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23790, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                          6(94)                                                    406(94)

Gold v. Gold (B.C.), 23817, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                        2254(93)                                            19(94)

Golden Horse Farms Inc. v. Household Trust Co. (B.C.),

   23710, *02 24.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    89(94)                                                 551(94)

Goldstein c. London Life Insurance Co. (Qué.), 24130, *B                                                                                                                     880(94)

Government of Manitoba v. A.J (Man.), 23770, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                   2250(93)                                            349(94)

Gratton c. Druker et Associés Inc. (Qué.), 24137, *B                                                                                                                               931(94)

Gratton c. Druker et Associés Inc. (Qué.), 24138, *B                                                                                                                               930(94)

Greenbaum c. Public Curator of Quebec (Qué.),

   23700, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2142(93)                                            17(94)

Greer v. Commission national des libérations conditionnelles

   (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23724, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                        1844(93)                                            16(94)

Gresham v. Ernst & Young Inc. (Sask.), 22888, *A                                                                                                                                    716(92)

Grimard v. Berry (Sask.), 24079, *B                                                                                                                                                               880(94)

Gyori v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23907, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                              162(94)                                               356(94)

Gyorvari v. The Queen (F.C.A.), 23807, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                                401(94)                                               696(94)

Hammou c. Ministère de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigratioin

   (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23990, *02 16.6.94                                                                                                                                                       804(94)                                               1035(94)

Hamon c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23857, *01 27.1.94                                                                                                                            2289(93)                                            94(94)

Hanna v. The Queen (B.C.), 24174, *A                                                                                                                                                         973(94)

Hansen v. Westminer Canada Ltd. (N.S.), 24043, *B                                                                                                                              683(94)

Hanson v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24037, *01 26.5.94                                                                                                                        680(94)                                               884(94)

Harrigan v. The Queen (Ont.), 22958, *A                                                                                                                                                     916(92)

Harvey v. Attorney General for New Brunswick (N.B.), 23968, *03

   2.6.94      203(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        939(94)

Harvey v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.B.), 23894, *01 19.5.94                                                                                                                        78(93)                                                 852(94)

Haughton v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23665, *03 3.2.94                                                                                                                      1541(93)                                            173(94)

Hawrish v. The Queen (Crim.)(Sask.), 23898, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                     202(94)                                               689(94)

Hecht v. Reid (B.C.), 23751, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                      2209(93)                                            18(94)

Heggie v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24023, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                          523(94)                                               943(94)

Helo Enterprises Ltd. v. Ernst & Young Inc. (B.C.), 23924, *03

   2.6.94      345(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        950(94)

Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia v. Novia Scotia Utility and

   Review Board (N.S.), 24068, *B                                                                                                                                                            848(94)

Herman v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 24040, referred to the bench which

   will hear the appeal as of right/référée au banc qui entendra

   l'appel de plein droit 9.6.94                                                                                                                                                                     544(94)                                               981(94)

Hibbert v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23815, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                        2198(93)                                            213(94)

Hill v. The Registrar, South Alberta Land Registration District

   (Alta.), 23650, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      1753(93)                                            221(94)

Horan v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23855, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                             10(94)                                                 177(94)

Human Rights Commission v. Board of School Trustees, District No. 15

   (N.B.), 24002, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        507(94)

Hunt v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23845, *01 23.6.94                                                                                                                           731(94)                                               1063(94)

Huot v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23849, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                             163(94)                                               563(94)

Hutchins v. Commission nationale des libérations conditionnelles

   (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23725, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                        1845(93)                                            16(94)

Hutter v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23950, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                          268(94)                                               690(94)

Hynes v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23718, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                             2135(93)                                            174(94)

Imprimeries Quebecor Inc. - Quebecor Printing Inc. v. Rittel

   (B.C.), 24175, *A                                                                                                                                                                                         973(94)

Industrielle-Alliance, compagnie d'assurance-vie c. Deslauriers

   (Qué.), 23824, *02 28.4.94                                                                                                                                                                      89(94)                                                 699(94)

Insurance Corporation of British Columbia v. Petersen (B.C.),


   23961, *02 16.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                    403(94)                                               1034(94)

International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers,

   District Lodge No. 692 v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters

   and Joiners of America, Local 2736 (B.C.), 24039, *B                                                                                                                    737(94)

International Lottery Distributors Inc. v. Government of

   Manitoba (Man.), 23958, *B                                                                                                                                                                  510(94)

International Lottery Distributors Inc. v. Government of

   Manitoba (Man.), 24100, *B                                                                                                                                                                  802(94)

J.L.D. c. Vallée (Qué.), 24028, *B                                                                                                                                                                     538(94)

J.W.S. v. H.A.D. (Alta.), 23915, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                    12(94)                                                 355(94)

Jaffe v. Hatch (Ont.), 23755, *01 20.1.94                                                                                                                                                     2049(93)                                            23(94)

Janes v. The Queen in right of Newfoundland (Nfld.), 22997, *01

   13.1.94   1544(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      20(94)

Jazra c. Banque de Montréal (Qué.), 24096, *B                                                                                                                                         805(94)

Johnstone v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23996, *01 12.5.94                                                                                                                   520(94)                                               807(94)

Jones (Ronald Stuart) v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23667, *B                                                                                                              1467(93)

Jones (Scott David) v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23916, *01

   24.3.94   162(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        549(94)

Jorgensen v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23787, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                   160(94)                                               688(94)

Kasvand v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24103, *B                                                                                                                                      879(94)

Kean c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23957, *B                                                                                                                                                  536(94)

Kettle River Sawills Ltd. v. The Queen (F.C.A.), 23944, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                      448(94)                                               942(94)

Khan v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23947, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                               338(94)                                               742(94)

Kibale c. La Reine (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 24082, *02 23.6.94                                                                                                                              806(94)                                               1064(94)

Kinsella v. Solicitor General of Canada (Crim.)(Ont.), 24014, *01

   2.6.94      516(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        936(94)

Kopen v. 61345 Manitoba Ltd. (Man.), 23498, *02 17.3.94                                                                                                                  940(93)                                               454(94)

Kreuzer v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 24067, *B                                                                                                                                         682(94)

Kumar v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23975, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                             449(94)                                               747(94)

L.D. c. G.R. (Qué.), 24033, *02 9.6.94                                                                                                                                                            530(94)                                               980(94)

L.M. c. L.L. (Qué.), 23829, *01 17.2.94                                                                                                                                                          2253(93)                                            239(94)

LRSCO Investments Ltd. v. Royal Bank of Canada (Alta.),

    24166, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                  1057(94)

Laboratories Nordic Inc. c. Gagnon (Qué.), 23977, *05 30.3.94                                                                                                           405(94)                                               594(94)

Lacoste c. Société nationale d'assurances (Qué.),

   24167, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      1060(94)

Lahey v. Craig (N.B.), 23828, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                      2365(93)                                            350(94)

Laisa v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.W.T.), 23819, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                        2199(93)                                            15(94)

Lajoie v. The Queen (Ont.), 21436, *A                                                                                                                                                          975(89)

Lakeview National Hotels Inc. v. Assessor for the City of

   Winnipeg (Man.), 23999, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                   510(94)                                               943(94)

Lee v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23831, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                                  2247(93)                                            347(94)

Lelièvre c. Centre communautaire juridique du Bas

   St-Laurent Gaspésie (Qué), 24124, *B                                                                                                                                               881(94)

Leung v. Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (Alta.),

   24029, *01 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                       529(94)                                               948(94)

Lewery v. Governing Council of the Salvation Army in Canada

   (N.B.), 23775, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                                       2048(93)                                            21(94)

Lewis v. The Queen (B.C.), 23802, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                          84(94)                                                 408(94)

Li v. The Queen (B.C.), 24132, *B                                                                                                                                                                   977(94)

Liberati v. Canada Employment and Immigration Commission

   (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23869, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                           2368(93)                                            352(94)

Lord v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23943, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                               271(94)                                               690(94)

Loubier c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23969, *01 19.5.94                                                                                                                            343(94)                                               853(94)

Luke v. Alexander (B.C.), 24163, *A                                                                                                                                                              972(94)

Lunn v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23983, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                                             395(94)                                               557(94)

M.S. v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23848, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                               2251(93)                                            19(94)

MacCulloch v. Price Waterhouse Ltd. (N.S.), 23652, *B                                                                                                                          535(94)

MacGillivray v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23933, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                              399(94)                                               695(94)

MacIsaac v. MacNeil (N.S.), 24180, *A                                                                                                                                                        1024(94)

MacKinlay v. MacKinlay (N.S.), 23783, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                2073(93)                                            220(94)

MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. v. Youell (B.C.), 23899, *02 16.6.94                                                                                                                 344(94)                                               1033(94)

Maheu c. Ministère du Revenu national ((C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23873, *02


   24.3.94   169(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        551(94)

Mainland Sand & Gravel Ltd. v. Tutinka (B.C.), 24003, *02

   2.6.94      525(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        945(94)

Mangion v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 24061, *01 23.6.94                                                                                                                     730(94)                                               1063(94)

Manship Holdings Ltd. v. Muise (N.B.), 23941, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                    342(94)                                               941(94)

Manson Insulation Inc. v. Wallace Construction Specialties Ltd.

   (Sask.), 23784, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                     2137(93)                                            220(94)

Manufacturers Life Insurance Co. v. Marystown Shipyard Ltd.

   (Nfld.), 23901, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                                        275(94)                                               743(94)

Martin v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23761, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                                          270(94)                                               556(94)

Martin & Stewart Inc. v. Superintendent of Pensions (Nova Scotia)

   (N.S.), 24021, *B                                                                                                                                                                                         533(94)

Martselos Services Ltd. v. Arctic College (N.W.T.),

  24048, *B  543(94)

Mastercraft Properties Ltd. v. El Ef Investments Inc.

   (Ont.), 23827, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                                         2284(93)                                            172(94)

Mayer v. Mayer (B.C.), 23782, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                   2248(93)                                            348(94)

Mayfield Investments Ltd. v. Stewart (Alta.), 23739,

   *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                                   77(94)                                                 213(94)

McCain Foods Ltd. v. National Transportation Agency

   (F.C.A.)(N.B.), 23318, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                           483(93)                                               749(94)

McCann v. Environmental Compensation Corporation

   (Ont.), 22207, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        928(94)

McCarten v. Government of Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.),

   24098, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      849(94)

Mercer v. The Queen (Crim.)(Nfld.), 23838, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                          2247(93)                                            348(94)

Mercier c. La Reine (Qué.), 24187, *A                                                                                                                                                           1052(94)

Merck & Co. v. Apotex Inc. (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23905, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                             401(94)                                               697(94)

Mercs v. Nanji (Alta.), 23497, *01 17.3.94                                                                                                                                                   939(93)                                               453(94)

Messinger v. Bramalea Ltd. (Ont.), 23797, *02 17.2.94                                                                                                                          2205(93)                                            238(94)

Michaud c. Procureur général du Québec (Qué.), 23764, *B                                                                                                                 2207(93)

Midland Seafoods Inc. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24045, *B                                                                                                             541(94)

Milad v. Milad (Ont.), 23976, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                      445(94)                                               742(94)

Milk Board v. Grisnich (B.C.), 23927, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                                        346(94)                                               951(94)

Mills v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23728, *B                                                                                                                                               1842(93)

Millstream Enterprises Ltd. v. Corporation of the City of New

   Westminster (B.C.), 23959, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                               278(94)                                               747(94)

Minister of Employment and Immigration v. Nguyen (F.C.A.)(Man.),

   23834, *01 17.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2204(93)                                            237(94)

Modes Cohoes Inc. c. Procureur général du Québec (Qué.),

   23929, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    451(94)                                               565(94)

Moisescu c. Garmaise (Qué.), 23949, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                      511(94)                                               748(94)

Montemurro v. Deloitte & Touche Inc. (Ont.), 24178, *A                                                                                                                       974(94)

Moore v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23810, *03 17.2.94                                                                                                                          2198(93)                                            237(94)

Morgan v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23579, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                       76(94)                                                 548(94)

Morley v. Kalaka Housing Co-Operative Ltd. (Alta.),

   23997, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                                                       448(94)                                               746(94)

Moutisheva c. Solliciteur général du Canada (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23884, *01

   21.4.94   449(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        565(94)

Mowers v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23891, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                       200(94)                                               410(94)

Mumford v. Health Sciences Centre (F.C.A.)(Man.), 23715, *02 10.2.94                                                                                         1750(93)                                            217(94)

NTC Smokehouse Ltd. v. The Queen in right of the province

   of British Columbia (B.C.), 23800, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                 83(94)                                                 407(94)

Nagra v. Secretary of State of Canada (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24097, *B                                                                                                        847(94)

Nassif c. Nassif (Qué.), 23836, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                 2210(93)                                            18(94)

National Automobile v. Wolverine Tube (Canada) Inc. (B.C.),

   23781, *01 17.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2245(93)                                            453(94)

National Hockey League Pension Society v. Bathgate (Ont.),

   24095, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      845(94)

National Party of Canada v. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

   (Alta.), 23726, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                                         2201(93)                                            170(94)

Naylor v. Naylor (Ont.), 23985, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                444(94)                                               560(94)

Neuzen v. Korn (B.C.), 23773, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                  2137(93)                                            221(94)


Neve v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23991, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                            503(94)                                               561(94)

Nicholson v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23821, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                      2133(93)                                            170(94)

Nikal v. The Queen in right of Canada (B.C.), 23804, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                       85(94)                                                 409(94)

No. 100 Sail View Ventures Ltd. v. Janwest Equities Ltd.

   (B.C.), 23965, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                          514(94)                                               947(94)

Noppers v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 24019, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                        518(94)                                               749(94)

Norbert v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23952, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                          277(94)                                               746(94)

Novak v. Pedersen (Alta.), 24083, *B                                                                                                                                                            803(94)

O'Leary v. The Queen (N.B.), 23928, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                                     164(94)                                               693(94)

Olson v. Gullo (Ont.), 24176, *B                                                                                                                                                                      1058(94)

Omineca Enterprises Ltd. v. Minister of Forests (B.C.),

   23939, *02 16.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                    345(94)                                               1033(94)

Ontario Chrysler (1977) Ltd. v. The Queen (Ont.),

   24122, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      1026(94)

Ontario Homebuilders' Association v. York Region Board of

   Education (Ont.), 24085, *B                                                                                                                                                                    847(94)

Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan Board v. Hugh (Ont.),

   23720, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                       1944(93)                                            175(94)

Opetchesaht, an Indian Band v. The Queen in right of Canada

   (B.C.), 24161, *B                                                                                                                                                                                         1059(94)

Orlesky v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23888, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                       11(94)                                                 410(94)

Otto v. Hamilton & Olsen Surveys Ltd. (Alta.), 23840, *02

   3.3.94      2369(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      352(94)

Ouaknine c. Cohen (Qué.), 23858, *02 17.2.94                                                                                                                                          2371(93)                                            239(94)

P.L. v. Director of Child Welfare (Nfld.), 23886, *B                                                                                                                                   2293(93)

Pacificador v. Republic of the Philippines (Ont.),

   23792, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    204(94)                                               693(94)

Partridge v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23995, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                        503(94)                                               741(94)

Patenaude c. Ville de Saint Hubert (Qué.), 24076, *B                                                                                                                              737(94)

Patrick Press Ltd. v. Pierre (B.C.), 23837, *A                                                                                                                                                2069(93)

Paulet v. Brandon University Faculty Association (Man.),

   22729, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      4(92)

Peace Valley Ranch Ltd. v. Coconut Grove Management &

   Development Corporation (Ont.), 23814, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                    2285(93)                                            172(94)

Pearson c. The Queen (Crim.)(Qué.), 24107, *B                                                                                                                                        1025(94)

Perry v. City of Vancouver (B.C.), 24126, *A                                                                                                                                               842(94)

Phillips v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24139, *B                                                                                                                                          1057(94)

Pilon v. Bouaziz (B.C.), 23866, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                  513(94)                                               566(94)

Placements Tanguay (1979) Ltée c. L. G. Ross Ltd. (Qué.), 24145, *B                                                                                              978(94)

Prinse v. Fraser Valley Foods (B.C.), 23859, *02 14.4.94                                                                                                                        87(94)                                                 559(94)

Procureur général du Québec c. Téléphones Guèvremont Inc.

   (Qué.), 23345, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      2139(93)                                            222(94)

Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada v.

   Senate of Canada (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23934, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                      276(94)                                               744(94)

Quick v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23757, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                               273(94)                                               743(94)

Quinn v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 24075, *01 9.6.94                                                                                                                              801(94)                                               980(94)

R. v. Barrett (Crim.)(Ont.), 23749, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                                           2000(93)                                            688(94)

R. v. Bernshaw (Crim.)(B.C.), 23748, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                      1999(93)                                            212(94)

R. v. Bruce (Nfld.), 24182, *A                                                                                                                                                                            1024(94)

R. v. C. A. M. (Crim.)(B.C.), 24027, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                                             530(94)                                               938(94)

R. c. Charbonneau (Crim.)(Qué.), 23906, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                              207(94)                                               411(94)

R. c. Chevrier (Qué.), 23126, *A                                                                                                                                                                       2510(92)

R. c. Côté (Qué.), 23707, *03 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                               1799(93)                                            353(94)

R. v. Crown Forest Industries Ltd. (F.C.A.), 23940, *03

   28.4.94   399(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        691(94)

R. v. E. T. (Crim.)(Ont.), 24022, *01 26.5.94                                                                                                                                                 520(94)                                               884(94)

R. v. Fisher (Crim.)(Ont.), 24102, *B                                                                                                                                                               875(94)

R. v. Giesecke (Crim.)(Ont.), 23772, *01 10.2.94                                                                                                                                       2134(93)                                            213(94)

R. c. Gosselin (Crim.)(Qué.), 23833, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                                        2290(93)                                            697(94)

R. v. Hawkins (Crim.)(Ont.), 23913, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                                        161(94)                                               688(94)

R. v. Hogben (Crim.)(B.C.), 24092, *B                                                                                                                                                           732(94)

R. v. Houlahan (Crim.)(Man.), 23786, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                    2244(93)                                            214(94)

R. v. I.T.G. (Crim.)(N.S.), 24149, *B                                                                                                                                                                 1027(94)


R. v. MacLeod (Crim.)(N.S.), 23722, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                                       1841(93)                                            20(94)

R. v. Mathieu (Crim.)(Qué.), 24173, *A                                                                                                                                                         1024(94)

R. v. McIntosh (Crim.)(Ont.), 23843, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                      2284(93)                                            215(94)

R. v. Parks (Crim.)(Ont.), 23860, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                                              273(94)                                               695(94)

R. v. Perry (Crim.)(N.B.), 23910, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                                                               86(94)                                                 559(94)

R. v. Pontes (Crim.)(B.C.), 24020, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                                               536(94)                                               952(94)

R. v. Province of Alberta Treasury Branches (Alta.),

   24056, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      739(94)

R. v. R.H.J. (Crim.)(B.C.), 23972, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                                                               270(94)                                               557(94)

R. v. Sylliboy (Crim.)(N.S.), 21929, *A                                                                                                                                                            1015(90)

R. c. Thibaudeau (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 24154, *03 23.6.94                                                                                                                                1054(94)                                            1064(94)

R. v. Ubhi (Crim.)(B.C.), 24087, *B                                                                                                                                                                  801(94)

R. in right of Ontario v. Kansa General Insurance Co.

   (Ont.), 24055, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        735(94)

R. in right of Ontario v. Prete (Ont.), 23973, *02 28.4.94                                                                                                                         505(94)                                               692(94)

The Queen in right of the province of  British Columbia v.

   Delgamuukw (B.C.), 23799, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                           82(94)                                                 548(94)

R. in right of the province of New Brunswick v. Coopers &

   Lybrand Ltd. (N.B.), 23740, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                             2001(93)                                            219(94)

R.B. c. G.F. (Qué.), 23953, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                             280(94)                                               946(94)

R.C.D. v. B.B.D. (Alta.), 23937, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                    450(94)                                               748(94)

Rasanen v. Rosemount Instruments (Ont.), 24084, *B                                                                                                                           803(94)

Red River Valley Mutual Insurance Co. v. McMurachy (Man.),

   24194, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      1053(94)

Redpath Industries Ltd. v. The Ship ("Cisco") (F.C.A.),

   24006, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      518(94)

Regional Assessment Commissioner v. Graham (Ont.), 23904, *02

   5.5.94      444(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        741(94)

Regional Municipality of Peel v. Andani (Ont.), 23823, *02

   3.3.94      2288(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      350(94)

Rempel Bros. Concrete Ltd. v. Corporation of the District of

   Chilliwack (B.C.), 24118, *B                                                                                                                                                                    931(94)

Rhymer v. The Queen (B.C.), 23732, *05 12.4.94                                                                                                                                     594(94)                                               594(94)

Richardson v. Avery (B.C.), 24034, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                            545(94)                                               948(94)

Riendeau c. Economical Compagnie mutuelle d'assurance

   (Qué.), 23902, *02 10.3.94                                                                                                                                                                      209(94)                                               411(94)

Rizzo v. Hanover Insurance Co. (Ont.), 23769, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                     2136(93)                                            174(94)

Robinson v. Laushway (Ont.), 24024, *02 9.6.94                                                                                                                                      522(94)                                               979(94)

Rose v. Mitton (N.S.), 24058, *B                                                                                                                                                                     543(94)

Rowe v. The Queen (Ont.), 24127/28, *A                                                                                                                                                    843(94)

Roy c. Corporation municipale de St-Jules, Cté Beauce (Qué.),

   23918, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    209(94)                                               564(94)

Royal Bank of Canada v. Mitsui & Co. (Canada) Ltd. (N.S.),

   23914, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                       341(94)                                               941(94)

Royal Oak Mines Inc. v. Canadian Association of Smelter and

   Allied Workers (CASAW), Local No. 4 (F.C.A.), 24169, *A                                                                                                           973(94)

Rubin v. Clerk of the Privy Council (F.C.A)(Ont.), 24147, *B                                                                                                                  976(94)

Ryan v. The Queen (C.M.A.C.)(Crim.)(Ont.), 24162, *B                                                                                                                          1028(94)

S. (Compton Winston) v. The Queen (Ont.), 23477, *A                                                                                                                           561(93)

SDC Sterling Development Corporation v. Katz (Ont.), 23897, *02

   2.6.94      526(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        945(94)

Sagharichi v. Minister of Employment and Immigration

   (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23826, *01 17.2.94                                                                                                                                                        2203(93)                                            237(94)

Saint-Laurent c. Hétu (Crim.)(Qué.), 23982, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                          402(94)                                               747(94)

Salois c. Ville de Montréal (Crim.)(Qué.), 23785, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                               2075(93)                                            92(94)

Samsoondar v. Minister of Employment and Immigration

   (F.C.A.)(Man.), 23900, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                                                      76(94)                                                 406(94)

Saskatchewan Power Corporation v. Bighetty (Man.), 24026, *02

   19.5.94   539(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        852(94)

Schachtschneider v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23698, *B                                                                                                                     1747(93)

Schwartz v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24093, *B                                                                                                                                      849(94)

Scott v. Morrow (Ont.), 23798, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                 87(94)                                                 562(94)

Scottish & York Insurance Co. v. Co-Operators General


   Insurance Co. (Ont.), 23841, *02 28.4.94                                                                                                                                           204(94)                                               694(94)

Seafarers' International Union of Canada v. Canada Labour

   Relations Board (F.C.A.), 23696, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                   1558(93)                                            217(94)

Sept-Îles (Ville de) c. Lussier (Qué.), 23825, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                           2208(93)                                            176(94)

Sequa Chemicals Inc. v. United Color and Chemical Ltd.

   (F.C.A)(Ont.), 24005, *B                                                                                                                                                                           509(94)

Service spécial de vidanges Inc. c. Régie intermunicipale

   de gestion des déchets de la Mauricie (Qué.), 24081, *B                                                                                                            1030(94)

Services M.L. Marengère Inc. c. Corporation de la copropriété La Caserne

   (Qué.), 23681, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                                      2252(93)                                            19(94)

Shaw Cable Systems British Columbia Ltd. v. British Columbia

   Telephone Co. (F.C.A.), 23717, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                      1943(93)                                            218(94)

Shore Boat Builders Ltd. v. Moses (B.C.), 23868, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                 8(94)                                                    353(94)

Shulman v. McCallum (B.C.), 23767, *05 28.2.94                                                                                                                                     1937(93)                                            365(94)

Sinclair v. Sinclair (Ont.), 24089, *B                                                                                                                                                                878(94)

Singh v. University of Western Ontario (Ont.), 23883, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                       275(94)                                               744(94)

Siska Indian Band v. Canadian Pacific Ltd. (F.C.A.),

   23643, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      1312(93)

Sivakumar v. Minister of Employment and Immigration

   (F.C.A)(Ont.), 23962, *01 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                            339(94)                                               934(94)

Skender v. Anderson (B.C.), 23750, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                        2003(93)                                            21(94)

Skinner v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 24007, *01 19.5.94                                                                                                                      521(94)                                               852(94)

Smith (Kenneth Benjamin) v. Filmer (Crim.)(B.C.), 23366, *B                                                                                                              2202(93)

Sobieh v. The Queen (Sask.), 24184, *A                                                                                                                                                       1052(94)

Société canadienne d'indemnisation pour les assurances de

   personnes c. Services de santé du Québec (Qué.),

   23746, *02 28.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2369(93)                                            698(94)

Sohrabian v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23835, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                      2246(93)                                            347(94)

Sowa v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23806, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                          2071(93)                                            14(94)

St. Denis v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23895, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                     80(94)                                                 550(94)

St. Gelais c. United States of America (Crim.)(Qué.), 24074, *B                                                                                                          1055(94)

St-Jacques c. Fédération des employées et employés de services

   publics Inc. (Qué.), 22339, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                  729(94)                                               951(94)

St. Joseph's Hospital v. Lahey (N.B.), 23828, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                         2366(93)                                            350(94)

Starzecki v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23935, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                   271(94)                                               560(94)

Steinberg Inc. c. Cavendish Shopping Center Co. (Qué.),

   24064, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      686(94)

Stewart v. Mayfield Investments Ltd. (Alta.), 23739, *03

   2.6.94      540(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        938(94)

Stingray Holdings Ltd. v. Mortimer (Ont.), 24094, *B                                                                                                                              846(94)

Strickland v. Ermel (Sask.), 23864, *01 28.4.94                                                                                                                                          205(94)                                               694(94)

Tardi c. Banque nationale du Canada (Qué.), 23872, *B                                                                                                                        977(94)

Taylor v. Metropolitan Toronto Housing Authority (Ont.),

   24185, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      1053(94)

Telecommunications Workers' Union v. Canadian Radio-television

   and Telecommunications Commission (F.C.A.), 23778, *03 10.2.94                                                                                        2131(93)                                            219(94)

Téléphone Guévremont Inc. c. Procureur général du Québec

   (Qué.), 23345, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      2139(93)                                            222(94)

Tempelaar v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23909, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                  201(94)                                               689(94)

Teodorescu c. La Reine (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23917, *01 31.3.94                                                                                                                   80(94)                                                 554(94)

Terrasses Zarolega Inc. c. Régie des installations olympiques

   (Qué.), 24042, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                        546(94)                                               949(94)

Terrie's Plumbing & Heating Ltd. v. Grosvenor Fine Furniture

   (1982) Ltd. (Sask.), 23818, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                 2286(93)                                            171(94)

Thomas v. The Queen (Crim.)(Sask.), 23879, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                        7(94)                                                    352(94)

Thornbury-Cook v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24052, *01 9.6.94                                                                                                         681(94)                                               979(94)

Thornhurst Corporation v. Harvey Hubbell Canada Inc. (Ont.),

   23743, *02 20.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2002(93)                                            22(94)

Tibando v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24131, *B                                                                                                                                         925(94)

Tierney-Hynes v. Hynes (Man.), 23930, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                                 343(94)                                               741(94)

Timpson v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23754, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                        2047(93)                                            170(94)

Toronto-Dominion Bank v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters

   and Joiners of America, Local 785 (Ont.), 23752, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                    2050(93)                                            91(94)


Tousignant c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23955, *01 31.3.94                                                                                                                     166(94)                                               555(94)

Tran v. The Queen (N.S.), 23224, *A                                                                                                                                                              2325(92)

Triple Five Corporation Ltd. v. Walt Disney Productions

   (Alta.), 24125, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        975(94)

University of Alberta Non-Academic Staff Association v. Board of

   Governors of the University of Alberta (Alta.), 24190, *A                                                                                                           1052(94)

Van Boeyen v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23805, *B                                                                                                                                 2364(93)

Van Der Peet v. The Queen (B.C.), 23803, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                           85(93)                                                 408(94)

Vezina v. CTV Television Network (Ont.), 23881, *02 5.5.94                                                                                                                277(94)                                               745(94)

Victor c. 134154 Canada Inc. (Qué.), 23820, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                       2207(93)                                            17(94)

Vigeant c. Langlois (Qué.), 24016/17, *01 16.6.94                                                                                                                                   684(94)                                               1032(94)

Vout v. Hay (Ont.), 24009, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                           524(94)                                               944(94)

Waddell v. United States of America (Crim.)(B.C.),

   23925, *05 2.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                       159(94)                                               183(94)

Waddell v. United States of America (Crim.)(B.C.),

   23925, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                       513(94)                                               946(94)

Wade (Richard H.) v. Brewer (N.B.), 23964, *02 28.4.94                                                                                                                        400(94)                                               696(94)

Wade (William) v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24153, *B                                                                                                                          1025(94)

Walker (Elizabeth Rebecca) v. Bank of New York Inc.

   (Ont.), 24057, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        975(94)

Walker (Thomas P.) v. Government of Prince Edward Island

   (P.E.I.), 23861, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                        274(94)                                               940(94)

Walz v. Hayre (B.C.), 23043, *02 24.3.94                                                                                                                                                     2301(92)                                            552(94)

Watson v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23875, *05 22.3.94                                                                                                                       594(94)                                               594(94)

Webber v. Unruh (B.C.), 24110, *B                                                                                                                                                                932(94)

Webster v. The Queen (Crim.)(P.E.I.), 23948, *05 4.5.94                                                                                                                        75(94)                                                 758(94)

Wessell v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 24119, *B                                                                                                                                          927(94)

Wheatle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23970, *B                                                                                                                                        269(94)

Whitley v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23890, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                        200(94)                                               409(94)

Whitney v. Nathanson, Schachter & Thomson (B.C.), 24179, *A                                                                                                        1024(94)

Wijesinha v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24015, *03 2.6.94                                                                                                                      516(94)                                               935(94)

Wilder v. Davis & Co. (B.C.), 24186, *A                                                                                                                                                        1052(94)

Wilson v. Grassick (Sask.), 24109, *B                                                                                                                                                            877(94)

Winder v. Review Panel under Mental Health Act, (B.C.), 24080, *01

   2.6.94      739(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        949(94)

Wisotzki v. Bannon (Ont.), 23823, *A                                                                                                                                                            2065(93)

Wong v. Williams (Alta.), 24189, *A                                                                                                                                                               1052(94)

Workers' Compensation Board v. Husky Oil Operations Ltd.

   (Sask.), 23936, *03 28.4.94                                                                                                                                                                     398(94)                                               691(94)

Workers's Compensation Board v. Melanson (N.B.), 24193, *A                                                                                                         1053(94)

Y.L. v. Children's Aid Society of Halifax (N.S.), 23680, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                        2249(93)                                            349(94)

Young v. Attorney General for Newfoundland (Nfld.),

   23893, *02 2.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                       342(94)                                               941(94)

Yukon Human Rights Commission v. Yukon Order of Pioneers (Yuk.),

   23584, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      81(94)

Zabukovec v. Zabukovec (Ont.), 23946, *02 15.3.94                                                                                                                              502(94)                                               548(94)

Zito v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24172, *B                                                                                                                                                 1055(94)

Zurmati v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23668, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                          2003(93)                                            175(94)


This index includes appeals standing for judgment at the beginning of 1994 and all appeals heard in 1994 up to now.

 

Cet index comprend les pourvois en délibéré au début de 1994 et tous ceux entendus en 1994 jusqu'à maintenant.

                                                                                                                                               *01 dismissed/rejeté

*02 dismissed with costs/rejeté avec dépens

*03 allowed/accueilli

*04 allowed with costs/accueilli avec dépens

*05 discontinuance/désistement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Hearing/             Judgment/

CASE/AFFAIRE                                                                            Audition                               Jugement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Page

                                                                                                                                               Air Products Canada Ltd. v. Schmidt (Alta.), 23047, with respect to

   entitlement to any surplus traceable to the Catalytic fund *01 and

   with respect to its entitlement to take a contribution holiday *03

   Sopinka and McLachlin JJ. dissenting in part 9.6.94                                                                                                                2225(93)                                            986(94)

Antosko v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(N.B.), 23282, *04 26.5.94                                                                                                               190(94)                                               896(94)

Arcangioli v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23380, *03 27.1.94                                                                                                             2090(93)                                            105(94)

Attorney General of Canada v. Attorney General of British Columbia

   (B.C.), 22758, *03 Lamer C.J. and McLachlin J. dissenting

   5.5.94                                                                                                                                                                                                       2226(93)                                            765(94)

Bartle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23623                                                                                                                                             370(94)

Bilodeau c. Boutin (Qué.), 23095, *03 4.5.94                                                                                                                                        762(94)                                               812(94)

Boersma v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23889, *01 17.6.94                                                                                                               1073(94)                                            1073(94)

Bois c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), *01 16.3.94                                                                                                                                           464(94)                                               464(94)

Branch v. British Columbia Securities Commission (Crim.)(B.C.),

   22978                                                                                                                                                                                                      368(94)

British Columbia Securities Commission v. Pezim (B.C.), 23113, *03

   23.6.94                                                                                                                                                                                                    366(94)                                               1075(94)

Brown v. The Queen in right of the province of

   British Columbia (B.C.), 22946, *02 17.3.94                                                                                                                               2058(93)                                            466(94)

C.M. v. Catholic Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto

   (Ont.), 23644, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                                   2274(93)                                            765(94)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Canada Labour Relations

   Board (Ont.), 23142                                                                                                                                                                            461(94)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Dagenais (Ont.), 23403                                                                                                   100(94)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. The Queen (Sask.), 23596                                                                                              100(94)

Clemente v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23931, *01 13.6.94                                                                                                           1043(94)                                            1043(94)

Cobham v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23585                                                                                                                                        963(94)

Colarusso v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 22433, *01 26.1.94                                                                                                             687(93)                                               103(94)

Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise c. Potash

   (Qué.), *03 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                                              185(94)                                               185(94)

Conseil de la Santé et des Services sociaux de la région de

   Montréal métropolitain c. Ville de Montréal (Qué.), 23604                                                                                                  895(94)

Corporation de Notre-Dame de Bon-Secours c. Communauté urbaine

   de Québec (Qué.), 23014                                                                                                                                                                 895(94)

Cunningham v. Wheeler (B.C.), 22867, *03 La Forest, L'Heureux-

   Dubé and McLachlin JJ. are dissenting in part 17.3.94                                                                                                           2025(93)                                            466(94)

D.S.H. v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23689, *03 30.5.94                                                                                                                     965(94)                                               965(94)

Darryl R. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23685, *03 27.4.94                                                                                                               711(94)                                               759(94)

Daviault c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23435                                                                                                                                            231(94)

Dickson v. The Queen (Crim.)(Yuk.), 23580 *01 2.2.94                                                                                                                    190(94)                                               231(94)

Dunphy Leasing Enterprises Ltd. v. Bank of Nova Scotia

   (Alta.), 22819, *02 18.3.94                                                                                                                                                                596(94)                                               596(94)

Farinacci v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23059, *03 L'Heureux-Dubé,

   Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 17.3.94                                                                                                                          2060(93)                                            467(94)

Finta v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23097, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé

   and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 24.3.94                                                                                                                                            1157(93)                                            598(94)

François v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23677                                                                                                                                         764(94)


Gagnon v. Lucas (Ont.), 23445                                                                                                                                                                 289(94)

Galaske v. Stauffer (B.C.), 23109, *03 Sopinka and Major JJ. dissenting

   14.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                                    2272(93)                                            598(94)

Gibney v. Gilliland (B.C.), 23159, *02 22.2.94                                                                                                                                      290(94)                                               290(94)

Giesbrecht v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23586, *01 14.6.94                                                                                                         1044(94)                                            1044(94)

Grand Council of the Crees (of Quebec) c. Hydro-Québec (F.C.A.)(Qué.),

   22705, *03 24.2.94                                                                                                                                                                              1832(93)                                            292(94)

Harper v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23160                                                                                                                                         370(94)

Hodgkinson v. Simms (B.C.), 23033                                                                                                                                                        2273(93)

Howard v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 22999, *01 12.5.94                                                                                                                 291(94)                                               814(94)

Hydro Electric Commission of the Town of Kenora v. Vacationland

   Dairy Co-operative Ltd. (Ont.), 22947, *02 Lamer C.J. and La Forest,

   McLachlin and Iacobucci JJ. dissenting 27.1.94                                                                                                                         1772(93)                                            104(94)

In the Matter of a Reference in Respect of the Quebec Sales

   Tax (Qué.), 23690, *03 23.6.94                                                                                                                                                       2275(93)                                            1074(94)

International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union v.

   The Queen (B.C.), 23306, *02 31.1.94                                                                                                                                          187(94)                                               187(94)

Jack v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23731, *01 24.5.94                                                                                                                      894(94)                                               894(94)

Jeffreys v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23061, *03 L'Heureux-Dubé,

   Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 17.3.94                                                                                                                          2060(93)                                            467(94)

Jensen v. Tolofson (B.C.), 22980                                                                                                                                                               289(94)

Jobin v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23190                                                                                                                                               368(94)

Jones v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23157, *01 Lamer C.J.

   and Sopinka, Cory and Major JJ. dissenting 12.5.94                                                                                                                1830(93)                                            814(94)

Kent v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23664                                                                                                                                                964(94)

Lépine v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23026, *03 L'Heureux-Dubé,

   Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 17.3.94                                                                                                                          2060(93)                                            467(94)

Maritime Life Assurance Co. v. Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd.

   (Alta.), 23194, *04 23.6.94                                                                                                                                                                461(94)                                               1075(94)

Masters v. Masters (Sask.), 22676, *02 28.4.94                                                                                                                                 712(94)                                               712(94)

McIntyre c. La Reine (Crim.)(N.-B.), 23673, *01 14.6.94                                                                                                                  1043(94)                                            1043(94)

McNee v. Shanks (B.C.), 22863, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-

   Dubé and McLachin JJ. dissenting in part 17.3.94                                                                                                                    2025(93)                                            466(94)

Miller v. Cooper (B.C.), 22860, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-

   Dubé and McLachlin JJ. are dissenting in part 17.3.94                                                                                                           2025(93)                                            466(94)

Ministre du Revenu du Québec c. Arcuri (Qué.), 22989, *02

   La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé and McLachlin JJ. dissenting

   26.5.94                                                                                                                                                                                                    1772(93)                                            896(94)

Miron v. Trudel (Ont.), 22744                                                                                                                                                                    967(94)

Mobil Oil Canada Ltd. v. Canada-Newfoundland Offshore

   Petroleum Board (Nfld.), 22948, *01 24.2.94                                                                                                                             2224(93)                                            292(94)

Nagra v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23582, *03 15.3.94                                                                                                                     462(94)                                               462(94)

Partagec Inc. c. Communauté urbaine de Québec (Qué.), 23587                                                                                                 895(94)

Peat Marwick Thorne Inc. v. Director of Maintenance Enforcement

   (Alta.), 23273                                                                                                                                                                                        191(94)

Pittman v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23436, *01 28.1.94                                                                                                                  186(94)                                               186(94)

Pozniak v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23642                                                                                                                                          370(94)

Primeau v. The Queen (Crim.)(Sask.), 23613                                                                                                                                       368(94)

Procureur général du Québec c. Téléphone Guèvremnt Inc.

   (Qué.), 23345, *02 26.4.94                                                                                                                                                               709(94)                                               709(94)

Prosper v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23178                                                                                                                                           370(94)

R. v. Borden (Crim.)(N.S.), 23747                                                                                                                                                             1047(94)

R. v. Burns (Crim.)(B.C.), 23115, *03 14.4.94                                                                                                                                        101(94)                                               599(94)

R. v. Chartrand (Crim.)(Ont.), 23340                                                                                                                                                       462(94)

R. v. Finta (Crim.)(Ont.), 23023, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé

   and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 24.3.94                                                                                                                                            1157(93)                                            598(94)

R. v. Godin (Crim.)(N.B.), 23675, *03 15.6.94                                                                                                                                       1046(94)                                            1071(94)

R. v. Heywood (Crim.)(B.C.), 23384                                                                                                                                                        710(94)

R. v. Johnson (Crim.)(Ont.), 23217                                                                                                                                                           1045(94)

R. v. M.B.P. (Crim.)(Ont.), 23088, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé

   and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 14.4.94                                                                                                                                            2089(93)                                            598(94)

R. v. M.L.M. (Crim.)(N.S.), 23385, *03 3.5.94                                                                                                                                       760(94)                                               812(94)

R. v. Matheson (Crim.)(P.E.I.), 23312                                                                                                                                                      370(94)

R. v. Mohan (Crim.)(Ont.), 23063, *03 5.5.94                                                                                                                                       2059(93)                                            765(94)

R. v. Moyer (Crim.)(Ont.), 23712                                                                                                                                                              966(94)


R. v. Native Women's Association of Canada (Ont.), 23253                                                                                                          421(94)

R. v. Oommen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23608, *01 23.6.94                                                                                                                               708(94)                                               1076(94)

R. c. Pétel (Crim.)(Qué.), 23424, *01 La Forest,

   L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and Major JJ. dissenting

   20.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                                    2025(93)                                            43(94)

R. v. Power (Crim.)(Nfld.), 23566, *03 Sopinka, Cory and Major JJ.

   dissenting 14.4.94                                                                                                                                                                               2272(93)                                            599(94)

R. in right of Canada v. Reza (Ont.), 23361, *03 9.6.94                                                                                                                     708(94)                                               986(94)

Richard B. v. Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto

   (Ont.), 23298, *01 17.3.94                                                                                                                                                                464(94)                                               595(94)

Richardson c. La Reine (Crim.)(N.-B.), 23413, 01 4.2.94                                                                                                                   232(94)                                               232(94)

Richer v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23812, *01 17.6.94                                                                                                                    1072(94)                                            1072(94)

S. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23581                                                                                                                                                      368(94)

Schmidt v. Air Products Canada Ltd. (Alta.), 23057, *01 9.6.94                                                                                                      2225(93)                                            986(94)

Shanks v. McNee (B.C.), 22863, *03 La Forest, L'Heureux-

   Dubé and McLachlin JJ. dissenting in part 17.3.94                                                                                                                   2025(93)                                            466(94)

Shell Canada Products Ltd. v. City of Vancouver (B.C.),

   22789, *03 Lamer C.J. and L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and

   McLachlin JJ. dissenting 24.2.94                                                                                                                                                     897(93)                                               292(94)

Stellato v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23454, *01 13.6.94                                                                                                                  1043(94)                                            1043(94)

Stevenson v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23478                                                                                                                                    763(94)

Superintendent of Brokers v. Pezim (B.C.), 23107, *03 23.6.94                                                                                                     366(94)                                               1075(94)

Swietlinski v. Attorney General of Ontario (Ont.), 23100                                                                                                                963(94)

Swinamer v. Attorney General of Nova Scotia (N.S.), 22915, *01 17.3.94                                                                                2058(93)                                            446(94)

Syndicat de l'enseignement de Champlain c. Commission scolaire

   régionale de Chambly (Qué.), 23188, *03 23.6.94                                                                                                                   188(94)                                               1075(94)

Tataryn v. Tataryn (B.C.), 23398                                                                                                                                                              760(94)

Téléphone Guèvremont Inc. c. Procureur général du Québec

   (Qué.), 23345, *01 26.4.94                                                                                                                                                               709(94)                                               709(94)

Thomson v. Thomson (Man.), 23794, *01 26.1.94                                                                                                                             102(94)                                               184(94)

Toneguzzo-Norvell v. Savein (B.C.), 23195, *03 in part 27.1.94                                                                                                    2022(93)                                            104(94)

Tran v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), *03 25.2.94                                                                                                                                       367(94)                                               367(94)

Trzop v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(N.B.), 23283/84, *04 26.5.94                                                                                                              190(94)                                               896(94)

United Steelworkers of America, Local 9332 v. Richard (N.S.),

   23621                                                                                                                                                                                                      965(94)

Whittle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23466                                                                                                                                           367(94)

Willick v. Willick (Sask.), 23141                                                                                                                                                                 463(94)

Willmor Discount Corporation c. Ville de Vaudreuil (Qué.),

   23220, *01 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                                                189(94)                                               766(94)

Zazulak v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23713 *01 4.5.94                                                                                                                    761(94)                                               761(94)

Zeitel v. Ellscheid (Ont.), 22792, *02 Sopinka and Iacobucci JJ.

   dissenting 5.5.94                                                                                                                                                                                  188(94)                                               766(94)



DEADLINES: MOTIONS

 

 

DÉLAIS: REQUÊTES

 


                                                                                                                                              


BEFORE THE COURT:

 

Pursuant to Rule 23.1 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada, the following deadlines must be met before a motion before the Court can be heard:

 

DEVANT LA COUR:

 

Conformément à l'article 23.1 des Règles de la Cour suprême du Canada, les délais suivants doivent être respectés pour qu'une requête soit entendue par la Cour:

 

 

 


 

 

 


Motion day                   :                October 3, 1994

 

Service                              :                   September 12, 1994

Filing                                  :                   September 19, 1994

Respondent                    :                   September 26, 1994

 

 

 

Audience du                :                   3 octobre 1994

 

Signification                    :                   12 septembre 1994

Dépôt                                :                   19 septembre 1994

Intimé                               :                   26 septembre 1994

 

 

 

 


Motion day                   :                November 7, 1994

 

Service                              :                   October 17, 1994

Filing                                  :                   October 24, 1994

Respondent                    :                   October 31, 1994

 

 

Audience du                :                   7 novembre 1994

 

Signification                    :                   17 octobre 1994

Dépôt                                :                   24 octobre 1994

Intimé                               :                   31 octobre 1994

 

 

 

 


Motion day                   :                December 5, 1994

 

Service                              :                   November 14, 1994

Filing                                  :                   November 21, 1994

Respondent                    :                   November 28, 1994

 

 

Audience du                :                   5 décembre 1994

 

Signification                    :                   14 novembre 1994

Dépôt                                :                   21 novembre 1994

Intimé                               :                   28 novembre 1994

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       



DEADLINES:  APPEALS

 

 

DÉLAIS:  APPELS


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             


 

The next session of the Supreme Court of Canada commences on October 3, 1994. 

 

 

La prochaine session de la Cour suprême du Canada débute le 3 octobre 1994.

 

 

 

Pursuant to the Supreme Court Act and Rules, the following requirements for filing must be complied with before an appeal will be inscribed and set down for hearing:

 

Conformément à la Loi sur la Cour suprême et aux Règles, il faut se conformer aux exigences suivantes avant qu'un appel puisse être inscrit pour audition:

 

 

 

Case on appeal must be filed within three months of the filing of the notice of appeal.

 

Le dossier d'appel doit être déposé dans les trois mois du dépôt de l'avis d'appel.

 

 

 

Appellant's factum must be filed within five months of the filing of the notice of appeal.

 

Le mémoire de l'appelant doit être déposé dans les cinq mois du dépôt de l'avis d'appel.

 

 

 

Respondent's factum must be filed within eight weeks of the date of service of the appellant's factum.

 

Le mémoire de l'intimé doit être déposé dans les huit semaines suivant la signification de celui de l'appelant.

 

 

 


Intervener's factum must be filed within two weeks of the date of service of the respondent's factum.

 

 

Le mémoire de l'intervenant doit être déposé dans les deux semaines suivant la signification de celui de l'intimé.

 


The Registrar shall inscribe the appeal for hearing upon the filing of the respondent's factum or after the expiry of the time for filing the respondent's factum

 

Le registraire inscrit l'appel pour audition après le dépôt du mémoire de l'intimé ou à l'expiration du délai de signification du mémoire de l'intimé.

 

 

 


The Registrar shall enter on a list all appeals inscribed for hearing at the October 1994 Session on August 9, 1994.

 

Le 9 août 1994, le registraire met au rôle de la session d'octobre 1994 tous les appels inscrits pour audition.

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

 



     * C.S. Montréal, no 500-05-003544-879, 26 mai 1987 (le juge Steinberg).

     ** Sup. Ct. Montréal, No. 500-05-003544-879, May 26, 1987 (Steinberg J.)

 Vous allez être redirigé vers la version la plus récente de la loi, qui peut ne pas être la version considérée au moment où le jugement a été rendu.