Bulletins

Informations sur la décision

Contenu de la décision

CONTENTS                                                                                                                                                                                       TABLE DES MATIÈRES

                                                                                                                                                     

Applications for leave to appeal                                                                                  494 - 501                                        Demandes d'autorisation d'appels

filed                                                                                                                                                                                                        produites

 

Applications for leave submitted                                                                                 502 - 547                                          Demandes soumises à la Cour depuis la

to Court since last issue                                                                                                                                                                  dernière parution

 

Oral hearing ordered                                                                                                          -                              Audience ordonnée

 

Oral hearing on applications for                                                                                -                                 Audience sur les demandes d'autorisation

leave                                                                                                                                                                                                  

 

Judgments on applications for                                                                                    548 - 566                                          Jugements rendus sur les demandes

leave                                                                                                                                                                                                     d'autorisation

 

Motions                                                                                                                                567 - 590                                          Requêtes

 

Notices of appeal filed since last                                                                             591 - 592                                        Avis d'appel produits depuis la dernière

issue                                                                                                                                                                           parution

 

Notices of intervention filed since                                                                                   593                                           Avis d'intervention produits depuis la

last issue                                                                                                                                                                                              dernière parution

 

Notices of discontinuance filed since                                                                             594                                 Avis de désistement produits depuis la

last issue                                                                                                                                                                                              dernière parution

 

Appeals heard since last issue and                                                                             595 - 597                                     Appels entendus depuis la dernière

disposition                                                                                                                                                                                           parution et résultat

 

Pronouncements of appeals reserved                                                                     598 - 599                                        Jugements rendus sur les appels en

délibéré

 

Headnotes of recent judgments                                                                                  600 - 639                                     Sommaires des arrêts récents

 

Weekly agenda                                                                                                                     640                                 Ordre du jour de la semaine

 

Summaries of the cases                                                                                                 641 - 652                                Résumés des affaires

 

Cumulative Index ‑ Leave                                                                                             653 - 663                 Index cumulatif ‑ Autorisations

 

Cumulative Index ‑ Appeals                                                                                         664 - 666                                   Index cumulatif ‑ Appels

 

Appeals inscribed ‑ Session                                                                                           667 - 673                                        Pourvois inscrits ‑ Session

beginning                                                                                                                                                                  commençant le

 

Notices to the Profession and                                                                                            -                            Avis aux avocats et communiqué

Press Release                                                                                                                                                                                     de presse

 

Deadlines: Motions before the Court                                                                            674                                           Délais: Requêtes devant la Cour

 

Deadlines: Appeals                                                                                                              675                                        Délais: Appels

 

Judgments reported in S.C.R.                                                                                        676 - 677                                          Jugements publiés au R.C.S.



APPLICATIONS FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL FILED

 

DEMANDES D'AUTORISATION D'APPEL PRODUITES


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           


L.D.

 

    c. (24033)

 

G.R. (Qué.)

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  17.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Renald Kean

Pierre Bordeleau

Trudel, Bordeleau et Massicotte

 

v. (23957)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Qué.)

Jacques Trudel

Subs. procureur général

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  7.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Jeffrey H. Robinson

 

v. (24024)

 

Barry D. Laushway et al. (Ont.)

Denis J. Power, Q.C.

Nelligan/Power

 

FILING DATE  10.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Brian Chisan

 

v. (24032)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

James Hittel

Law Department

 

FILING DATE  15.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Dean Baril

Ian R. Mang

Mang, Steinberg & Skultety

 

v. (24035)

 

Monique Lorraine Liard et al. (Ont.)

Leon Price

 

FILING DATE  7.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Philip Avrith et al.

Martin J. Sklar

Sklar & Pitts

 

v. (24036)

 

Richter, Usher & Vineberg et al. (Qué.)

 

FILING DATE  11.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Bobsie Hanson

Christopher C. Black

 

v. (24037)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

FILING DATE  18.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, District Lodge No. 692

Morley D. Shortt, Q.C.

Shortt, Moore & Arsenault

 

v. (24039)

 

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local 2736 et al. (B.C.)

E. Casey McCabe

Schroeder, Pidgeon

 

FILING DATE  9.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 


Larry Melvin Herman

Rory Morahan

Morahan & Aujla

 

v. (24040)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.)

Robert A. Mulligan

Office of Crown Counsel

 

FILING DATE  21.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Jeffrey Dunn

Bruce Duncan

Duncan, Fava, Schermbrucker

 

v. (24041)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

A.G. of Ontario

 

FILING DATE  14.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Les Terrasses Zarolega Inc.

George R. Hendy

Phillips & Vineberg

 

c. (24042)

 

La Régie des installations olympiques et al. (Qué.)

Jean-François Longtin

Langlois, Robert

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  17.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Fred Hansen

George W. MacDonald, Q.C.

McInnes Cooper & Robertson

 

v. (24043)

 

Westminer Canada Ltd. et al. (N.S.)

Thomas P. Donovan

Cox, Downie

 

FILING DATE  21.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Lamy Dominique

 

c. (24044)

 

Mark Abramowitz et al. (Qué.)

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  25.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Midland Seafoods Inc.

Newton Wong & Assoc.

 

v. (24045)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

D.D. Graham Reynolds, Q.C.

A.G. of Canada

 

FILING DATE  18.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Tracy Lee Thornbury-Cook

Stephen Whitzman

 

v. (24052)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

A.G. of Ontario

 

FILING DATE  23.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Michael Allegretti

Irwin Koziebrocki

 

v. (24053)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

A. G. of Ontario

 

FILING DATE  25.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

J.L.D.

Guy Bertrand

Guy Bertrand & Assoc.

 

c. (24028)

 

René Vallée (Qué.)

Bernard Vézina

Boisvert et Vézina

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  18.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Employers Insurance of Wausau, a Mutual Co.

Crawford M. MacIntyre, Q.C.

Dutton, Brock, MacIntyre & Collier

 

v. (24054)

 

Joseph John Burns et al. (Ont.)

R.A. O'Donnell

O'Donnell & Scott

 

FILING DATE  25.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Her Majesty The Queen in right of Ontario

Linda C. McCaffrey, Q.C.

A.G. of Ontario

 

v. (24055)

 

Kansa General Insurance Co. (Ont.)


Steven Stieber

Atlin, Cohen, Armel

 

FILING DATE  30.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Her Majesty The Queen

Michael J. Lema

Dept. of Justice

 

v. (24056)

 

Province of Alberta Treasury Branches et al. (Alta.)

J. Gray Greenan

Bruni Greenan Klym

 

FILING DATE  18.3.1994

                                                                                                                                      

Les Constructions Drumco Inc.

Maurice Laplante

Clair, Laplante, Coté

 

c. (24050)

 

Canaassurance, Compagnie d'Assurance-vie Inc. et al. (Qué.)

Michael E. Hickson

Hickson, Martin, Blanchard

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  22.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Atlantic Provinces Trucking Association

Peter G. Green, Q.C.

Green Parish

 

v. (24051)

 

Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission (N.S.)

John D. Stringer

McInnes, Cooper and Robertson

 

FILING DATE  23.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Elizabeth Rebecca Walker et al.

Anil K. Kapoor

 

v. (24057)

 

The Bank of New York Inc. et al. (Ont.)

Steven F. Rosenhek

McCarthy, Tétrault

 

FILING DATE  31.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Nasir Ahmed Fiqia

Naeem Rauf

 

v. (23945)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.)

Bart D. Rosborough

A.G. of Alberta

 

FILING DATE  6.4.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Stephen Fadelle

Donald C. Murray

Pink Murray

 

v. (24046)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (N.S.)

Kenneth W. Fiske, Q.C.

Senior Crown Attorney

 

FILING DATE  17.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Derrick C. Brown

Russell Silverstein

Pinkofsky, Lockyer, Kwinter

 

v. (24047)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

Beverley Brown

A.G. of Ontario

 

FILING DATE  11.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Martselos Services Limited

Donald M. Cooper

Cooper, Peach & Gullberg

 

v. (24048)

 

Arctic College (N.W.T.)

Robert A. Kasting

Dept. of Justice

 

FILING DATE  21.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Denise Dompierre et al.

Jean Carol Boucher

Boucher & Assoc.

 

c. (24049)

 

Constance Provost et al. (Qué.)

Martin Bédard

Bédard, Saucier

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  21.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Richard Sidney Thomas Rose

Raymond F. Wagner

Wagner & Assoc.

 

v. (24058)

 


Ronald B. Mitton (N.S.)

Harry E. Wrathall

McInnes Cooper & Robertson

 

FILING DATE  28.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Graham Gordon Dick

R.S. Prithipaul

Gunn & Prithipaul

 

v. (24059)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

P. Moreau

A.G. of Alberta

 

FILING DATE  28.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Celestino Branco

Gregory P. Delbigio

 

v. (24060)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

William F. Ehrcke

Crown Counsel - Criminal

 

FILING DATE  28.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Geoffrey John Mangion

R.S. Prithipaul

Gunn & Prithipaul

 

v. (24061)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

G. Tomljanovic

A.G. of Alberta

 

FILING DATE  28.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Barry Charles Costin

Shaun Nakatsuru

Nakatsuru & Doucette

 

v. (24062)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

Jamie Klukach

Crown Law Office - Criminal

 

FILING DATE  5.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Christie MacKay & Company

Sidney Green, Q.C.

 

v. (24063)

 

Her Majesty The Queen in right of the Province of Manitoba (Man.)

W. Glenn McFetridge

Dept. of Justice

 

FILING DATE  31.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Steinberg Inc. et al.

Raynold Langlois, c.r.

Langlois Robert

 

c. (24064)

 

Cavendish Shopping Center Co. Ltd. et al. (Qué.)

Jonathan J. Robinson

Robinson Sheppard Shapiro

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  31.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Robert Andrew Cross

A.R. McGregor, Q.C.

Buchwald Asper Gallagher Henteleff

 

v. (24065)

 

Harry Wood (J.J. Harper, deceased) (Man.)

Harry Wood

Pollock & Co.

 

FILING DATE  30.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Evelyn Ann Anderson

Anthony H. Dalmyn

Walsh, Micay and Co.

 

v. (24066)

 

Arne Gunnar Anderson (Man.)

D'Arcy and Deacon

 

FILING DATE  30.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Mark Kreuzer

Douglas H. Christie

 

v. (24067)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

Earl C. Wilson, Q.C.

A. G. of Alberta

 

FILING DATE  31.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia and Friends of the Public Gardens

Ronald A. Pink, Q.C.

Pink Breen Larkin

 


v. (24068)

 

Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board et al. (N.S.)

Dept. of Justice

 

FILING DATE  11.4.1994

                                                                                                                

 

Lawrence Quinn

In person

 

v. (24075)

 

Regina (B.C.)

William F. Ehrcke

Min. of A.G.

 

FILING DATE  31.3.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Claude F. Archambault

Jacques Bouchard

Bouchard, Filteau, Doré

 

v. (24078)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.)

Jean Lortie

Subs. procureur général

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  5.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Judith Louise Grimard

John N. Laxton, Q.C.

Laxton & Co.

 

v. (24079)

 

Rueben Berry et al. (Sask.)

D.A. Phillips

SGI Insurance Services

Litigation Dept.

 

FILING DATE  7.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

James Winder

David W. Mossop

Community Legal Assistance Society

 

v. (24080)

 

Review Panel Under Mental Health Act, held June 10, 1993 and chaired by Brian Cruikshank (B.C.)

James D. Baird

Dorman Baird Bernardino Baker & Baker

 

FILING DATE  5.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Service Special de vidanges Inc. et al.

Mackenzie Gervais

 

c. (24081)

 

Régie intermunicipale de gestion des déchets de la Mauricie et al. (Qué.)

Langlois Robert

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  12.4.1994

                                                                                                             

 

M. Mohamed Ou Hammou

Daniel Drouin

 

c. (23990)

 

Ministère de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration (C.A.F.)(Qué.)

Daniel Poulin

Min. de la Justice

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  18.4.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Regina

Robert A. Mulligan

Office of Crown Counsel

 

v. (24092)

 

Peter Frederick John Hogben (B.C.)

Richard D. Law

Law, Steeper, Oppel, Mah Ming

 

FILING DATE  8.4.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Alan M. Schwartz

Benjamin Zarnett

Goodman & Goodman

 

v. (24093)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.)

Elizabeth Chasson

Dept. of Justice

 

FILING DATE  18.4.1994

                                                                                                              

 

The Corporation of the City of London, Stingray Holdings Ltd. et al.

James R. Caskey, Q.C.

Siskind, Cromarty, Ivey & Dowler

 

v. (24094)

 

Stephen George Mortimer et al. (Ont.)

Jerome R. Morse

Lerner & Assoc.

 

FILING DATE  15.4.1994

                                                                                                             


Guillaume Kibale

Guillaume Kibale

 

c. (24082)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (C.A.F.)(Ont.)

Alain Préfontaine

Min. de la Justice

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  8.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Henry A. Rasanen

Stacey R. Ball

Harris & Partners

 

v. (24084)

 

Rosemount Instruments (Ont.)

Harold Margles

Baker & McKenzie

 

FILING DATE  6.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Ontario Homebuilders' Association et al.

Neil Finkelstein

Blake, Cassels & Graydon

 

v. (24085)

 

The York Region Board of Education et al. (Ont.)

 

FILING DATE  8.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Thomas Francis Eneas

Kathleen Ker

Lauk La Liberte

 

v. (24086)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

W. Kerr Clark

Min. of the A.G.

 

FILING DATE  11.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

Her Majesty The Queen

William F. Ehrcke

Min. of the A.G.

 

v. (24087)

 

Jatinderpal Singh Ubhi (B.C.)

S.R. Chamberlain, Q.C.

 

FILING DATE  7.4.1994

                                                                                                               

 

George Dupuy

Josée Ferrari

Rolland, Pariseau, Olivier & St-Louis

 

c. (24088)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Qué.)

Lyne Décarie

Subs. du procureur général

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  15.4.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Kenneth Stanley James Sinclair

I.H. Fraser

Ogilvy Renault

 

v. (24089)

 

Hilda Anne Sinclair (Ont.)

G. Maurice Power

Tsubouchi & Nichols

 

FILING DATE  15.4.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Canassurance, Compagnie d'assurance-vie Inc.

Michael E. Hickson

Hickson, Martin, Blanchard

 

v. (24090)

 

Notaire André Bourassa et al. (Qué.)

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  29.3.1994

                                                                                                             

 

Raymonde Gaulin

 

c. (23793)

 

Centre des services sociaux de la Gaspésie et des Îles-de-la-Madeleine (Qué.)

Raymond Arsenault

Roy, Arsenault & Dupuis

 

DATE DE PRODUCTION  20.4.1994

                                                                                                             

 

 



 


 




APPLICATIONS FOR LEAVE 

SUBMITTED TO COURT SINCE LAST ISSUE

 

REQUÊTES SOUMISES À LA COUR DEPUIS LA DERNIÈRE PARUTION


 

                                                                                                                                               MARCH 9, 1994 / LE 9 MARS 1994

 

CORAM:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER AND CORY AND IACOBUCCI JJ. /

LE JUGE EN CHEF LAMER ET LES JUGES CORY ET IACOBUCCI

 

                                                                                                                                            Andrej Zabukovec

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23946)

 

                                                                                                                                       Jozica Zabukovec (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Procedural law - Family Law - Appeal - Time to Appeal - Extension of time - Division of property - Access - Division of family assets and support for a wife and a 13 year old daughter contribution by a spouse - Claim to unequal division - Sale of matrimonial home ordered - Allegations by Respondent that Applicant wilfully obstructed the sale of the matrimonial home -Writ of Possession granted in favour of Respondent.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY


 

February 5, 1993

Ontario Court (General Division) (Walsh J.)

 

August 19, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario (Finlayson J.A.)

 

August 31, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario (MacDonald J.A.)

 

December 6, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(McKinlay, Arbour and Weiler JJ.A.)

 

 

 

January 5, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

 

Respondent's motion for an Order seeking a Writ of Possession granted

 

Applicant's application to have the Order of Walsh J. reviewed and set aside dismissed

 

Applicant's motion for an Order setting aside the Order of Finlayson J.A. dismissed

 

 

Applicant's motion for an Order extending the time for the delivery of the notice of appeal and for the review of the Order of Finlayson J.A., and such other and further relief as this Court deems just dismissed

 

Application for leave to appeal, for a stay of execution and for an extension of time filed

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

MARCH 21, 1994 / LE 21 MARS 1994

 

CORAM:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER AND CORY AND IACOBUCCI JJ. /

LE JUGE EN CHEF LAMER ET LES JUGES CORY ET IACOBUCCI

 

                                                                                                                                           Lisa Colleen Neve

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23991)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Alta.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Offences - Evidence - Statutes - Interpretation - Nature of the relationship between psychiatrist and patient and whether either a blanket prima facie, common law, class or a case-by-case privilege attaches to communications between them - Whether a different mens rea is required under s. 264.1(1)(a) than that required under the former s. 331  of the Criminal Code  - If there is no privilege, whether the trial judge erred in law in holding that the expectation of privilege was not relevant - Whether a counterfactual conditional statement constitutes a threat under s. 264.1(1) (a) of the Criminal Code .

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



January 27, 1993

Provincial Court of Alberta, Criminal Division

(Adilman J.)

 

Conviction:  2 counts of uttering threats to cause death or bodily harm contrary to s. 264.1(1) (a) of the Criminal Code 

 

 

 

December 7, 1993

Court of Appeal of Alberta

(Fraser C.J., Foisy and McFadyen JJ.A)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

February 28, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                             David Partridge

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23995)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Evidence - Narcotics - Police investigation - Telephone interception - affidavit in support of authorization - Is the standard of review set out in R. v. Garofoli, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1421 applicable where there is a deliberate falsehood of the affiant - Can the authorizing judge find a basis for granting the order in these circumstances.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


June 1, 1991

Ontario Court of Justice

(Haley, J.)

 

 

Conviction:  conspiracy to traffic in heroin and possession of heroin for the purpose of trafficking; sentenced to nine years.

 

November 23, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Finlayson, Weiler and Austin JJ.)

 

Appeal against conviction dismissed; leave to appeal sentenced granted to both the appellant and the Crown, the appeal and cross-appeal dismissed.

 

February 14, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

 

Application for leave to appeal and extension of time filed.


                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

                                                                                                                                                Eugene Bekar

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23971)

 

                                                                                                                                   Patricia Jean Bekar (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Family law - Division of property - Family Assets - Whether the fact that an appeal judge had previously heard an appeal concerning the Applicant should have disqualified her from this appeal on the basis of a reasonable apprehension of bias - Whether the trial judge erred in failing to consider the factor of timber rights on Lot 8019 in his formula for dividing family assets, and whether the Applicant is precluded from raising the issue on appeal on the basis that it was not raised at trial - Whether the trial judge and the Court of Appeal erred in placing the onus of raising the existence and value of timber rights on Lot 8019 on the Applicant - What importance does the economic self-sufficiency of the parties play in the decision to keep an economic enterprise such as a farm intact during the division of family assets.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY


 

April 9, 1992

Supreme Court of British Columbia

(Meiklem J.)

 

Declaratory judgment pursuant to s. 44 of the Family Relations Act

 

 

 

June 4, 1992

Supreme Court of British Columbia

(Meiklem J.)

 

Order:  Division of family assets under Family Relations Act

 

 

 

November 23, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Hutcheon, Proudfoot and Hollinrake JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

January 24, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Ontario, Attorney General

of Ontario, William McCormack, Robert Clarke, James Crowley,

Robert Montrose, Eric Libman and David Fisher

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23973)

 

                                                                                                                                        Antonio Prete (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Civil procedure - Charter - Limitation of actions - Pleadings - Effect of Proceedings Against the Crown Act and Public Authorities Protection Act on action for Charter remedy - Whether, in circumstances, statement of claim should be struck out or action dismissed.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



February 21, 1990

Supreme Court of Ontario (Carruthers J.)

 

Applications by defendants granted; plaintiff's statement of claim struck out and action dismissed

 

 

 


November 25, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(McKinlay and Carthy JJ.A.; Weiler J.A. dissenting)

 

Appeal allowed; applications by defendants dismissed


January 24, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Applications for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                     James Dougal Campbell

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23921)

 

                                                                                                                                      Julija Campbell (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Family law - Procedural law - Appeal - Divorce - Civil procedure - Evidence - Applicant making motion to extend the time within which to appeal to the Court of Appeal - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the Applicant had not explained why he did not appeal to the Court of Appeal within the time prescribed by the Rules of Civil Procedure - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in not considering evidence secured by the Applicant.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



May 20, 1993

Ontario Court (General Division)

(Huneault C.J.O.)

 

Divorce judgment:  Custody of children awarded to the Respondent, Applicant ordered to pay equalization payment, spousal and child support

 

 

 

October 19, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Osborne J.A.)

 

Motion for extension of time to appeal trial judgment dismissed

 

 

 

January 24, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  LA FOREST, SOPINKA AND MAJOR JJ. /

LES JUGES LA FOREST, SOPINKA ET MAJOR

 

                                                                                                                                                  David Attis

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24002)

 

The Board of School Trustees, District No. 15, and Human Rights

Commission of New Brunswick, Malcolm Ross, Department of Education

of New Brunswick, New Brunswick Teachers' Federation and Canadian

Jewish Congress, and Brian Bruce, Brian Bruce Consultants Ltd.,

Human Rights Board of Inquiry, Minister of Labour of New Brunswick (N.B.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Civil rights - Remedies - Whether the Courts erred in not disturbing the Board of Inquiry's holding that the School Board discriminated against the Applicant by failing to take appropriate and timely disciplinary action against Ross for publishing writings which created a poisoned environment within the School Board's school district, contrary to s. 5(1) of the Human Rights Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. H-11 - Whether the majority of the Court of Appeal erred in holding that, in ordering the remedies, the Board of Inquiry violated Ross' freedom of expression under s. 2( b )  of the Charter  or that the violation was not saved by s. 1  of the Charter  - Extent to which a human rights tribunal has authority to remedy discrimination by preventing a school board from presenting overtly racist role models as teachers - If the Board of Inquiry's order breaches s. 2( b )  of the Charter , how the intersecting rights and obligations of parents, teachers, students and school boards should be balanced in a s. 1 inquiry.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


August 28, 1991

Board of Inquiry (Brian D. Bruce)

 

Applicant's complaint of discrimination allowed

 

 

 

December 31, 1991

Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick

(Creaghan J.)

 

Respondent Ross' application for judicial review allowed in part

 

 

 

December 20, 1993

Court of Appeal of New Brunswick

(Hoyt C.J.N.B., Angers and Ryan [dissenting] JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed

 

 

 

February 11, 1993

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       


 

                                                                                                                             The Human Rights Commission

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24002)

 

The Board of School Trustees, District No. 15, and David Attis, and

Malcolm Ross, Department of Education, New Brunswick Teachers'

Federation, Canadian Jewish Congress, and Brian D. Bruce Ltd.,

Brian D. Bruce, Human Rights Board of Inquiry, The Minister of

Labour for the Province of New Brunswick (N.B.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Civil rights - Remedies - Respondent Attis' complaint that Respondent School Board discriminated against him and his children in permitting the Respondent Ross, a public and overt anti-Semite, to be a teacher and role model to students allowed - Respondent Board of Inquiry ordering that the School Board remove Ross from a teaching position and terminate his non-teaching employment if he published or wrote materials that attack followers of the Jewish religion -  Integrity of the Board of Inquiry's order fashioned to remedy the breach by the school board of the human rights legislation prohibiting discriminatory conduct in the providing of educational services - Reach of freedom of religion guaranteed by s. 2( b )  of the Charter  where its exercise by a teacher entails conduct violative of the right of the public, guaranteed by human rights legislation, to educational services free from discrimination - Reach of freedom of expression guaranteed by s. 2( b )  of the Charter  where its exercise by a teacher is grounded in religious belief and entails conduct violative of the right of the public, guaranteed by human rights legislation, to educational services free from discrimination.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


August 28, 1991

Board of Inquiry (Brian D. Bruce)

 

Respondent Attis' complaint of discrimination allowed

 

 

 

December 31, 1991

Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick (Creaghan J.)

 

Respondent Ross' application for judicial review allowed in part

 

 

 

December 20, 1993

Court of Appeal of New Brunswick

(Hoyt C.J.N.B., Angers and Ryan [dissenting] JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed

 

 

 

February 11, 1993

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                  Canadian Jewish Congress

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24002)

 

The Board of School Trustees, District No. 15, and Malcolm Ross,

and David Attis, and Human Rights Commission of New Brunswick,

Department of Education of New Brunswick, New Brunswick Teachers'

Federation and Brian Bruce, Brian Bruce Consultants Ltd., Human

Rights Board of Inquiry, Minister of Labour of New Brunswick (N.B.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 


Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Civil rights - Remedies - Whether the Courts erred in not disturbing the Board of Inquiry's holding that the School Board discriminated against Attis by failing to take appropriate and timely disciplinary action against Ross for publishing writings which created a poisoned environment within the School Board's school district, contrary to s. 5(1) of the Human Rights Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. H-11 - Whether the majority of the Court of Appeal erred in holding that, in ordering the remedies, the Board of Inquiry violated Ross' freedom of expression under s. 2( b )  of the Charter  or that the violation was not saved by s. 1  of the Charter  - Proper approach to be followed by the courts when assessing the validity of restrictions on freedom of expression narrowly tailored to address the activities of specific individuals - Proper approach to be followed by the courts when assessing the validity of human rights tribunal orders designed to remedy discriminating conduct - Proper approach to be followed by the courts in balancing the rights and obligations of students, parents, teachers, school boards and society as a whole pursuant to s. 1  of the Charter .

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


August 28, 1991

Board of Inquiry (Brian D. Bruce)

 

Respondent Attis' complaint of discrimination allowed

 

 

 

December 31, 1991

Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick (Creaghan J.)

 

Respondent Ross' application for judicial review allowed in part

 

 

 

December 20, 1993

Court of Appeal of New Brunswick

(Hoyt C.J.N.B., Angers and Ryan [dissenting] JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed

 

 

 


February 11, 1993

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                              Barrys Limited

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23877)

 

                                                                                                                Fishermen, Food and Allied Workers' Union

                                                                                                                        and Labour Relations Board (Nfld.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Procedural law - Administrative law - Prerogative writs - Judgments and orders - Whether an application for an order in the nature of certiorari operates under the applicable Rules of Court as a stay of proceedings under the order which is the subject of the application - Whether the Applicant and its officers facing the threat of fine and imprisonment for alleged contempt of the order in question ought to be required to face contempt proceedings while the issue is resolved -Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to hold that the principle established in Batchelor v. The Queen, [1978] 2 S.C.R. 988, was applicable in civil proceedings notwithstanding the so-called privative clause, and in failing to hold that the order of the Respondent Board was stayed by operation of the Rules of the Supreme Court, 1986.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



February 24, 1993

Supreme Court of Newfoundland, Trial Division (Schwartz J.)

 

Applicant's application adjourned sine die; Respondent Union's application allowed

 

 

 

October 12, 1993

Court of Appeal of Newfoundland

(Goodridge C.J.N., O'Neill and Marshall JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed in part

 

 

 

December 1, 1993

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                       Sequa Chemicals Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24005)

 

                                                                                                        United Color and Chemical Limited (F.C.A.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Property law - Trade-marks - Expungement - SUNREZ registered for "resins, paper coating insolubilizers" - Registrant prior distributor for Applicant - Whether the judgment of the Federal Court of Appeal presents conflicting authority as to whether a Canadian distributor can register the trade-mark of a foreign supplier.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



August 5, 1992

Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division

(Teitelbaum J.)

 

Order: Respondent's trade-mark SUNREZ to be expunged from the Register of trade-marks

 

 

 

December 20, 1993

Federal Court of Appeal (Pratte, Létourneau and

Robertson JJ.A.)

 

Respondent's appeal allowed

 

 

 

February 18, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                    International Lottery Distributors Inc.,

                                                                                                            67164 Manitoba Limited, carrying on business

                                                                                                                  under the firm name and style of Capital

                                                                                                                 Distribution Services, and Ray Velazquez,

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23958)

 

                                                                                                          The Government of Manitoba, Western Lottery -

                                                                                                                Manitoba Distributors Inc., The Manitoba

                                                                                                        Lotteries Foundation and Western Canada Lottery

                                                                                        Corporation, formely Western Canada Lottery Foundation (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Commercial law - Contracts - Damages - Lotteries - Whether there was breach of contract - Whether representations made by one branch of an international firm should be binding upon all branches of that firm and whether each branch has an obligation to express opinions in Court matters to ensure that the opinions that are expressed are adopted and shared by all branches of the firm - Whether a new trial should be ordered or additional evidence allowed - Whether the trial judge erred in failing to find that his finding regarding liability had been influenced by the contents of a valuation report.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


April 1, 1992

Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba (Ferg J.)

 

Action in damages for breach of contract dismissed

 

 

 

June 30, 1992

Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba (Ferg J.)

 

Motion to set aside or vary judgment and to admit a report as further evidence dismissed;

 

 

 

November 12, 1993

Court of Appeal of Manitoba

(Huband, Philp and Lyon JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

January 11, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                              Lakeview-National Hotels Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23999)

 

                                                                                      The Assessor for the City of Winnipeg and the City of Winnipeg and

                                                                                                     The Board of Revision of the City of Winnipeg (Man.)

 

AND BETWEEN:

 


                                                                                                          2108496 Manitoba Ltd. and Ladco Company Ltd.

 

                                                                                                                                                            v.

 

                                                                                      The Assessor for the City of Winnipeg and the City of Winnipeg and

                                                                                                     The Board of Revision of the City of Winnipeg (Man.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Administrative law - Municipal law - Assessment - Whether, in circumstances, Board of Revision has jurisdiction to review assessment.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



December 30, 1992

Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba (Oliphant A.C.J.Q.B.)

 

Application by Assessor and City of Winnipeg dismissed

 

 

 

December 15, 1993

Court of Appeal of Manitoba

(Philp, Helper and Kroft JJ.A.)

 

Appeals by Assessor and City of Winnipeg allowed

 

 

 

February 10, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application by Ladco Co. Ltd. and 2108496 Manitoba Ltd. for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 

February 11, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application by Lakeview-National Hotels Inc. for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER AND McLACHLIN JJ. /

LES JUGES L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER ET McLACHLIN

 

                                                                                                                                             Frieda Moisescu

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (23949)

 

                                                                                                                                   Michael Garmaise (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Procédure - Appel - Rejet d'appel - Chose jugée - Inexécution d'une promesse de vente - Refus par la demanderesse de signer l'acte de vente - Poursuites entre les parties - Action personnelle de la demanderesse contre l'intimé, le notaire qui avait retenu une somme pour préparer l'acte de vente - Désistement de l'action contre le notaire - Conduite professionnellement du notaire - Nouvelle procédure entreprise par la demanderesse - Prétentions de la demanderesse rejetées - Requête de l'intimé en rejet d'appel accueillie.

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 


Le 21 juillet 1993

Cour supérieure du Québec

(Côté j.c.s.)

 

Action de la demanderesse en dommages-intérêts rejetée et demandes reconventionnelles du promettant-acheteur et de son avocat accueillies

 

Action de l'intimé en dommages-intérêts accueillie et action reconventionnelle de la demanderesse rejetée

 

 

 

Le 11 novembre 1993

Cour d'appel du Québec

(Mailhot, Brassard et Deschamps jj.c.a.)

 

Requête de l'intimé en rejet d'appel accueillie

 

 

 

Le 4 janvier 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                       Foyer de Val D'Or Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (23998)

 

                                                                                                   Syndicat des employés du Foyer de Val D'Or Inc. (CSN)

                                                                                                                       et Me Jean-Jacques Turcotte (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 


Droit du travail - Arbitrage - Convention collective - Preuve - Droit administratif - Brefs de prérogative - Contrôle judiciaire - Compétence - Grief - L'arbitre a-t-il commis une erreur juridictionnelle en admettant des faits postérieurs au grief et en concluant qu'une entente était intervenue entre les parties? - L'arbitre a-t-il excédé sa juridiction en concluant que la plaignante avait droit à un poste réservé et a-t-il ignoré les articles 13.20 et 5.03 de la convention collective? - L'arbitre a-t-il excédé sa juridiction en modifiant le texte de la convention collective, soit en imposant à la demanderesse l'obligation d'octroyer un poste réservé à la plaignante sans tenir compte de l'article 11.24 de la convention collective?

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 14 décembre 1984

(Turcotte, arbitre de griefs)

 

Grief accueilli en partie

 

 

 

Le 25 février 1986

Cour supérieure du Québec (Larouche j.c.s.)

 

Requête en évocation accueillie

 

 

 

Le 14 décembre 1993

Cour d'appel du Québec (Bisson j.c.q., Tourigny et Delisle jj.c.a.)

 

Appel accueilli

 

 

 

Le 10 février 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                                 Joseph Pilon

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23866)

 

                                                                                                        Dr. A. Bouaziz, Dr. Malcolm C. Cumberlidge (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Negligence - Did the majority of the Court of Appeal err in reversing the Court of Appeal on the issue of causation, which was not on appeal, without first providing the Applicant with an opportunity to be heard - Did the majority of the Court of Appeal ignore the clearly stipulated standard for appellate review established by this Court - Did the Court of Appeal err in failing to find evidence of negligence.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



September 13, 1990

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Davies J.)

 

Claim against Dr. Bouaziz dismissed; claim against Dr. Cumberlidge allowed

 

 

 

December 31, 1991

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Davies J.)

 

Reasons for judgment on damages and costs

 

 

 

September 27, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia (Carrothers, Hutcheon and Goldie JJ.A.)

 

Appeal by Dr. Cumberlidge allowed; cross-appeal by Mr. Pilon against dismissal of claim against Dr. Bouaziz dismissed

 

 

 

February 14, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                             Gordon Edward Allan Waddell

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23925)

 

                                                                                                                The United States of America (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Extradition - Procedural law - International - Statutes - Interpretation - Evidence -Offenses - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in substituting a new basis for extradition - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in using foreign indictments as evidence to establish a prima facie case in extradition proceedings - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the conduct of the non-registration of a firearm under U.S. federal taxation legislation was equivalent to possession of a prohibited weapon under the 1983 Criminal Code  - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that a firearm is not a firearm when it is a prohibited weapon - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to acknowledge the right to possess the firearm pursuant to s. 12(6)(b) of the Wildlife Act, S.B.C. 1982, c. 57 - When there is a Provisional Arrest pursuant to Art. 11(3) of the Treaty on Extradition between Canada and the United States of America, Can. T.S. 1976, No. 3, should the words of Art. 9(4) of the Treaty be construed against the Applicant - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that when there is a Provisional Arrest pursuant to Art. 11(3) of the Treaty, the words of Art. 9(4) of the Treaty do not require the passage in the requesting state of an in absentia sentence against a "convicted fugitive" - Was the Supreme Court habeas corpus ad subjiciendum proceeding was an "interlocutory" proceeding - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the extradition chambers judge had jurisdiction to commit for extradition when the Applicant, after Provisional Arrest, was held in custody during continuing non-compliance by the Respondent of Art. 9(4) and 11(3) of the Treaty.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


April 3, 1992

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Finch J.)

 

Application for habeas corpus ad subjiciendum dismissed

 

 

 

August 21, 1992

Supreme Court of British Columbia

(Braidwood J. in chambers)

 

Warrant of committal issued

 

 

 

December 7, 1992

Supreme Court of British Columbia

(Thackray J. in chambers)

 

Applications for review and for habeas corpus dismissed

 

 

 

December 1, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Gibbs, Hinds and Prowse JJ.A.)

 

Appeals dismissed

 

 

 


January 31, 1993

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

 

                                                                                                                             No. 100 Sail View Ventures Ltd.


                                                                                                                                                    v. (23965)

 

                                                                                                                                Janwest Equities Ltd. (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Commercial law - Landlord and tenant - Leases - Interpretation of provision in lease - What should be the fundamental approach to interpreting a clause in a written contract? - In particular, in what circumstances, if any, is a court justified in ignoring other clauses in the written contract, the nature of the joint enterprise that is the purpose of the contractual relationship, or background legal or commercial context on which the bargain was formed? - Should a rent review of a long term ground lease consider the effect of use restrictions contained in the lease in assessing fair market rental value?

 

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 




October 21, 1992

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Tysoe J.)

 

 


Judgment as to how lease provision should be interpreted

 

 

 


November 18, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Gibbs and Hollinrake JJ.A.; Hutcheon J.A. dissenting)

 

Appeal by Janwest Equities Ltd. allowed

 

 

 

January 18, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

MARCH 24, 1994 / LE 24 MARS 1994

 

CORAM:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER AND McLACHLIN JJ. /

LES JUGES L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER ET McLACHLIN

 

                                                                                           Fédération des employées et employés de services publics Inc.

(CSN) et Confédération des Syndicats Nationaux

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (22339)

 

                                                                                                                      Louisette Béliveau St-Jacques (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Code civil - Responsabilité civile - Dommages-intérêts - Procédure - Actions - Procédure civile - Libertés publiques - Droit du travail - Accident du travail - Employeur et employé - Législation - Interprétation - Harcèlement sexuel et harcèlement au travail - Réclamation de l'intimée pour maladie professionnelle en vertu de la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles, L.R.Q. 1977, ch. A-3.001 accordée - Action en responsabilité civile intentée par l'intimée devant la Cour supérieure pour dommages moraux, dommages exemplaires, perte de santé, préjudice psychologique et incapacité de retourner au travail - Requête visant le rejet de l'action - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en ne rejetant pas l'action de l'intimée? - Interprétation de l'art. 438 de la loi précitée, de l'art. 1056a du Code civil et des art. 49 et 51 de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, L.R.Q. 1977, ch. C-12.

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 17 avril 1989

Cour supérieure (Savoie j.c.s.)

 

Requêtes en irrecevabilité rejetées

 

 

 

Le 10 janvier 1991

Cour d'appel (McCarthy [dissident], Mailhot jj.c.a.

et Chevalier ad hoc)

 

Pourvoi rejeté

 

 

 

Le 8 mars 1991

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Requête en autorisation de pourvoi produite

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

MARCH 29, 1994 / LE 29 MARS 1994

 

CORAM:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER AND CORY AND IACOBUCCI JJ. /

LE JUGE EN CHEF LAMER ET LES JUGES CORY ET IACOBUCCI

 

                                                                                                                            Walter Kingsley Kirti Wijesinha

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24015)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Statutes - Interpretation - Seizure - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that s. 139(2)  of the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46 , applied to investigators for the Law Society of Upper Canada - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in interpreting and applying s. 24(2)  of the Charter - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that the handing over of the four declarations by the Law Society to the police constituted an unreasonable seizure within s. 8  of the Charter and that the declarations should have been excluded pursuant to s. 24(2)  of the Charter - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that the four declarations were not statutory declarations given under oath and pursuant to a lawful authority.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



December 17, 1991

Ontario Court of Justice (General Division)

(Trainor J.)

 

Conviction: Four counts of attempting to obstruct justice

 

 

 

February 18, 1994

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Goodman, Galligan and Abella JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 1, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                      Allen Maurice Kinsella also known as

                                                                                                                                      Allan Maurice Kinsella

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24014)

 

                                                                                     The Solicitor General of Canada  and the Attorney General for the

                                                                                                                         Province of Ontario (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Parole - Judicial review - Sentencing - Prisons - Parole eligibility - Application for judicial review under s. 745  of the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46  - Applicant convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to life in prison without eligibility for parole for 25 years -Whether the trial judge erred in law in charging the jury that public risk is a matter to be considered in rendering its decision - Whether the trial judge erred in refusing to grant a request for a misapplication when it had been demonstrated that public attitude had been poisoned by demonstrations and erroneous newspaper reporting - Whether the trial judge erred in refusing to allow the Applicant the right to call his co-accused in evidence at the review whose evidence related to the nature of the offence.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



October 20, 1993

Ontario Court of Justice (General Division)

(Goodearle J.)

 

Preliminary hearing:  Applicant entitled to judicial review under s. 745  of the Criminal Code 

 

 

 

December 13, 1993

Ontario Court of Justice (General Division)

(Goodearle J.)

 

Application for judicial review dismissed; no right to reapply before serving out 25 years of sentence

 

 

 

February 14, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  LA FOREST, SOPINKA AND MAJOR JJ. /

LES JUGES LA FOREST, SOPINKA ET MAJOR

 

                                                                                                                           The Attorney General of Canada

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24018)

 

                                                                                                                                         Ellyn Floyd (F.C.A.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Labour law - Statutes - Interpretation - Unemployment insurance - Jurisdiction - Canada Employment and Immigration Commission concluding that Respondent not entitled to unemployment insurance benefits because she had not proven that she was available for work - Whether the Umpire erred in making his decision, whether or not the error appears on the face of the record, in his interpretation of s. 14 of the Unemployment Insurance Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. U-1, and its application to the facts - Whether the Umpire based his decision on an erroneous finding of fact that he made in a perverse or capricious manner or without regard for the material before him in finding that the Applicant was "available for work" within the meaning of s. 14 of the Act - Whether the Umpire acted without jurisdiction, acted beyond his jurisdiction, or refused to exercise his jurisdiction in finding that the Respondent was entitled to be paid unemployment insurance benefits for a period of time during which the Respondent attended a language training course to which she had not been referred by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission or its designate.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


December 6, 1990

Board of Referees

 

Respondent's appeal from decision of Commission allowed

 

 

 

December 24, 1992

Federal Court, Trial Division

(Muldoon J., Umpire)

 

Commission's application for rescission dismissed and decision varied to grant Respondent net amount of suspended benefits

 

 

 


March 9, 1993

Supreme Court of Canada ( JJ.)

 

Extension of time granted


 


March 2, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                Redpath Industries Limited

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24006)

 

                                                                                                              The Ship "Cisco" and Kim Crest, S.A. (F.C.A.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Maritime law - Torts - Procedural law - Appeals - Damages - Carriage of goods - Insurance marine - Whether the judgment of the Court of Appeal modifies the practice of marine cargo insurance, adjustment and claims recovery - Whether the judgment of the Court of Appeal puts into question the principle that the measure of damages in carriage of goods by sea actions is primarily based on the market value of the goods at the time and place of the discharge - Whether the judgment of the Court of Appeal misapprehends the principles of mitigation of damages by treating as mitigation to be applied to reduce the damages claimed the mitigation of a different loss from the loss claimed - Whether the Court of Appeal erred by substituting its appreciation of certain evidence to that of the trial judge on a basis of credibility, without reasons - Whether the reasons for judgment of the Court of Appeal are in accordance with the monetary award made.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



June 12, 1992

Federal Court, Trial Division (Rouleau J.)

 

Applicant's action in damages allowed

 

 

 

December 20, 1993

Federal Court of Appeal

(Desjardins, Décary and Létourneau JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed in part

 

 

 

February 18, 1944

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 

March 10, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to cross-appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER AND McLACHLIN JJ. /

LES JUGES L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER ET McLACHLIN

 

                                                                                                                                              Harry Noppers

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24019)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Offenses - Evidence - Credibility - Bad character evidence - Given that bad character evidence is so potentially prejudicial to the fair trial of an accused, should inadvertence or momentary inattention in answering a question be sufficient to raise the issue? - Whether there should be a bright line requirement so that it is clear that an accused is deliberately raising the issue of character - What criteria should be used when deciding whether an accused has placed his character into issue when that was not the design or the intention of the accused?

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



June 18, 1992

Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta

(Marshall J.)

 

Conviction: 1 count of sexual interference and 2 counts of sexual exploitation

 

 

 

December 9, 1993

Court of Appeal of Alberta

(Fraser C.J.A., Foisy and McFadyen JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 3, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal and for an extension of time filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                              Chang-Jie Chen

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23984)

 

The Minister of Employment and Immigration, Secretary of

State of External Affairs (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Administrative Law - Immigration - Appeal - Judicial Review - Discretion vested in a visa officer under subsection 11(3) of the Immigration Regulations, 1978 - Whether the Federal Court of Appeal erred in law in determining that section 11(3) of the Immigration Regulations should be interpreted to include social factors in the term "successful establishment" which would result in an unlimited mandate for visa officers to exercise their discretion.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



May 10, 1991

Federal Court of Canada,  Trial Division, at Ottawa

(Strayer J.)

 

Orders of certiorari and mandamus granted to Applicant against a visa officer's decision rejecting his application for permanent residence

 

 

 

 

November 18, 1993

Federal Court of Appeal, at Toronto (Isaac C.J., Létourneau, and Robertson [dissenting] JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed. Orders of certiorari and mandamus set aside

 

 

 

February 3, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal and for an extension of time filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

APRIL 7, 1994 / LE 7 AVRIL 1994

 

CORAM:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER AND CORY AND IACOBUCCI JJ. /

LE JUGE EN CHEF LAMER ET LES JUGES CORY ET IACOBUCCI

 

                                                                                                                                       Major A.G. Johnstone

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23996)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Administrative Law - Jurisdiction - General Court Martial - Convening order rescinded and a new one issued - Whether a convening order is merely an administrative order and not judicial in nature - Whether Applicant should have be allowed to make submissions before rescission of convening order - Termination of proceedings.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



October 5, 1992

General Court Martial

(Captain J.B. Mack, President)

 

 

Proceedings terminated respecting Applicant's charge of conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline and drunkenness

 

 

 

December 14, 1993

Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada

(Brooke, McDonald, Linden JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed:  Order terminating the proceedings set aside and new trial ordered

 

 

 

February 21, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                    Her Majesty The Queen

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24022)

 

                                                                                                                                                  E.T. (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal procedure - Conduct of Trial - Discharge of juror on grounds of ill health - Evidence - Charge to jury - Threshold for allowing use of screen in testimony - Probative value of evidence of refusal by Respondent's wife of the accused, to give a statement to the investigating police officer  - Should Crown attorney have been permitted to adduce, during cross-examination of the last defence witness on her written notes of a conversation with the wife of the accused, a damaging statement made by the wife, who had been an earlier defence witness in the trial - Did Court of Appeal err in law when, upon allowing the appeal against conviction, the Court directed a verdict of acquittal in a case where there was evidence to go to the jury on a charge of sexual assault on a child, without a basis for concluding that the ends of justice would be better served by such an order than by ordering a new trial under s. 686(2) (b) of the Criminal Code .

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



January 21, 1991

Ontario Court (General Division) (Woods J.)

 

Respondent E.T. convicted of sexual assault

 

 

 

December 17, 1994

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Finlayson, Galligan and Osborne JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed; conviction quashed; acquittal entered

 

 

 

March 7, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                    James Gerald Frederick Robert Skinner

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24007)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Man.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Statutes - Interpretation - Evidence -Applicant charged with second degree murder - If an authorization is obtained for participant surveillance, whether the existing statutory regime of s. 186(1) (a) and (b) of the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46 , and s. 189(1)(a) of the Code governs the use of that authorization - Whether a "retrospective analysis" of the authorizations to intercept, which authorizations did not conform to the basic criteria set out in s. 186(1) (a) and (b) of the Criminal Code , is impermissible - Whether the right to remain silent under s. 7  of the Charter is not to be conditioned whenever the state has assumed an adversarial role with respect to any individual in the state.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



November 26, 1992

Court of Queen's of Manitoba (Scollin J.)

 

Conviction: Manslaughter

 

 

 

December 21, 1993

Court of Appeal for Manitoba

(Scott C.J.M., Lyon and Helper JJ.A.)

 

Appeal against conviction dismissed;  Appeal against sentence allowed

 

 

 

February 18, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                          Jeffrey H. Robinson

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24024)

 

                                                                                   Barry D. Laushway, Continental Bank of Canada/Lloyds Bank Canada/

                                                                                          Hongkong Bank of Canada, Nelligan/Power, Denis J. Power Q.C.,

                                                                                                Aharon Paritzky, John P. Nelligan Q.C., Siobhan M. Devlin

                                                                                                             and Credit Bureau of Ottawa and Hull (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Actions - Whether action "vexatious" for purposes of Ontario's Rules of Civil Procedure - Operation of Ontario's Consumer Reporting Act.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


March 5, 1993

Ontario Court of Justice (General Division)

(Rutherford J.)

 

January 10, 1994

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Brooke, Finlayson and Catzman JJ.A.)

 

March 10, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Applicant's action against all defendants dismissed

 

 

 

Applicant's appeal quashed

 

 

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                   The Corporation of the City of Stratford,

                                                                                         Stratford Police Department and Board of Police Commissioners

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24004)

 

                                                                                         Albert Large and the Ontario Human Rights Commission (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Civil rights - Labour law - Judicial review - Standard of review - Discrimination on the basis of age - Mandatory retirement - Bona fide occupational requirement - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the principle of curial deference should be applied as the standard of review in appeals from the human rights tribunals, despite the broad right of appeal provided for by the legislature - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the subjective test of Ontario Human Rights Commission v. Etobicoke, [1982] 1 S.C.R. 202, requires direct and contemporaneous evidence of an actual, rationally based decision by an employer to adopt a policy, in situations where there is no ulterior motive for the policy - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in refusing to overturn the finding of the Board of Inquiry that the objective test of Etobicoke requires employers to consider individual accommodation of employees, when there is no reasonable alternative to the imposition of the requirement upon all employees in the unit.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



June 11, 1992

Ontario Court (Divisional Court) (Callaghan C.J.O.C., Zuber S.J. [dissenting] and Campbell J.)

 

Appeal from ruling of Board of Inquiry that mandatory retirement provision violates Human Rights Code dismissed

 

 

 

December 22, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario (Morden A.C.J.O., Grange and Austin JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

February 17, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  LA FOREST, SOPINKA AND MAJOR JJ. /

LES JUGES LA FOREST, SOPINKA ET MAJOR

 

                                                                                                                                               John F. Heggie

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24023)

 

                                                                                                                    Her Majesty The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Taxation - Assessment - Evidence - Whether the Federal Court of Appeal erred in treating the appeal as one based on a review of the trial judge's findings of fact - Whether the Federal Court of Appeal erred in failing either to analyze the trial judge's appreciation of the evidence or to consider his misinterpretation and erroneous recollection of the evidence as indicated on the record - Whether the Federal Court of Appeal failed to properly analyze the evidence that was before the trial judge and failed to give the benefit of the doubt to the taxpayer given the thrust of the evidence taken as a whole as determined in Fries v. The Queen, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1322 - Whether the Federal Court of Appeal erred in failing to review the manner in which the trial

judge treated the Applicant during the Applicant's giving of evidence at trial.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



April 17, 1985

Tax Court of Canada (Christie, A.C.J.T.C.)

 

Applicant's appeal from reassessment of the 1981 taxation year allowed

 

 

 

September 17, 1987

Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division (Cullen J.)

 

Respondent's appeal allowed

 

 

 

November 8, 1993

Federal Court of Appeal (Isaac C.J., Létourneau and Robertson, JJ.A.)

 

Applicant's appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 4, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal and for an extension filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                       Sandra Florence Vout

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24009)

 

                                                                                                    Earl Hay, Carl Hay, Larry Parr and Kenneth Parr (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Property law - Procedural law - Wills - Estates - Appeals - Validity of wills executed in "suspicious circumstances" - Whether doctrine of "suspicious circumstances", as formulated historically by the courts, is of growing importance in a society with an increasing number and proportion of members who are elderly - Whether doctrine must be re-examined in the light of contemporary society's greater openness towards non-traditional interpersonal relationships - Whether doctrine, as interpreted by the Court of Appeal, imposes a limit on the freedom of property of "marginalized" persons in society such as the elderly or the unmarried.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



November 13, 1990

Ontario Court (General Division) (Byers J.)

 

Will admitted to probate

 

 

 

December 22, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario (Blair, Osborne and Doherty JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed; New trial directed

 

 

 

February 21, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

The Canadian Association of Regulated Importers, Parkview

Poultry Ltd., Bertmar Poultry Ltd, George Tsisenpoulos,

Henry Neufeld, Zigmond Tibay, Henry Kikkert, Eva Szasz

Peterffy, Paul Dinga, C&A Poultry Ltd., Zoltan Varga,

Jake Drost, George Drost, Joe Drost, Melican Farms Ltd.,

Joe Speck, Marinus Kikkert, Checkerboard Hatchery,

Brampton Chick Hatching Co. Ltd., Zoltan Koesis,

Roe Poultry Ltd., Gabe Koesis, Henry Fois

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24025)

 

                                                                                  Attorney General of Canada, Canadian Broiler Hatching Egg Marketing

                                                                                                   Agency, Canadian Hatchery Federation (F.C.A.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Administrative law - Judicial review of ministerial action - Duty of fairness in exercise iof statutory powers - Was notice to Importers a "mere guideline" as held by the Court of Appeal - Whether grant of a discretionary power to a minister carries with it subdelegated legislative authority.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


April 1, 1993

Federal Court (Trial Division) (Reed J.)

 

Application allowed; certiorari, mandamus and interim injunction granted

 

 

 

May 26, 1993

Federal Court (Trial Division) (Reed J.)

 

Supplementary order issued

 

 

 

January 6, 1994

Federal Court of Appeal (Heald and Linden JJ.A., Gray D.J.)

 

Appeals allowed; orders set aside

 

 

 

March 7, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                               Mainland Sand & Gravel Ltd.

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24003)

 

                                                                                                                                       Zoltan Tutinka (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Negligence - Occupier's liability - Respondent injured while motor cycling on Applicant's land - Whether risk of injury to Respondent foreseeable - Whether the defence of inherent risk was eliminated by Waldick et al. v. Malcom et al.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



July 7, 1992

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Hutchinson, J.)

 

Respondent's action allowed

 

 

 

December 20, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

 

Appeal dismissed


(Lambert, Goldie and Prowse JJ.A.)

 


February 15, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                   SDC Sterling Development Corporation,

                                                                                                                  681262 Ontario Inc., 141608 Canada Inc.,

                                                                                                                     139494 Canada Limited, Peter Hunter,

                                                                                                                          Paul Hunter and Douglas Peacock

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23897)

 

                                                                                                                                               Gary Katz and

                                                                                                       Edinburgh Castle Development Corporation (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Commercial law - Statutes - Arbitration - Judicial review - Interpretation - Contracts - Severance - Does the first interpretation and application of ss. 46(1)(3) and 46(2) of the Arbitration Act, 1991, S.O. 1991, c. 17, in view of the similar legislation in Alberta, Quebec, and Saskatchewan, warrant consideration by this Court? - Did the Court of Appeal err in setting aside the order of the motions court judge on the ground that he had failed to apply s. 46(2) of the Arbitration Act, 1991.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



May 19, 1992

(Stehelin c.a.) (Arbitrator)

 

Arbitration award in the amount of $265,000.00; value of the Respondent Katz's interest in SDC to be paid out according to a defined schedule

 

 

 

July 3, 1992

Ontario Court (General Division) (Chilcott J.)

 

Respondents' motion dismissed; cross motion allowed; entire final award of arbitrator set aside

 

 

 

November 9, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario (Morden A.C.J.O., Griffiths and Carthy JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed: Order below set aside, judgment granted against Applicants

 

 

 

February 15, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Brooke, Galligan and Osborne JJ.A.)

 

Leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal granted; motion for interim relief dismissed

 

 

 


December 12, 1993

Supreme Court of Canad

 

Application for a stay of execution filed


 

January 10, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER AND McLACHLIN JJ. /

LES JUGES L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER ET McLACHLIN

 

                                                                                                                                    Frederick Ronald Dilling

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23759)

 

                                                                                                                                        Regina (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Procedural law - Evidence - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the Applicant's right to silence and right to be free from self-incrimination under s. 7  of the Charter was not violated by the taking of the Applicant's photograph - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the right to be free from unreasonable seizure as guaranteed by s. 8  of the Charter was not violated by the taking of the Applicant's photograph without authorization by either statute or warrant - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that "establishing identity" as contemplated by s. 495  of the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46 , justified the taking of the Applicant's photograph - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the Applicant's right on detention to be informed promptly of the reason therefore as guaranteed by s. 10 (a) of the Charter, and the accompanying right under s. 10 (b), was not violated - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the Applicant's rights as guaranteed by ss. 7 , 8 , 10 (a) and (b) of the Charter were not breached and that the admissibility of photographic evidence did not bring the administration of justice into disrepute pursuant to s. 24  of the Charter.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


March 20, 1991

Provincial Court of British Columbia (Mackenzie J.)

 

Conviction: Communicating with a person for the purpose of obtaining the sexual services of a prostitute

 

 

 

December 10, 1991

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Catliff J.)

 

Appeal against conviction dismissed

 

 

 

August 19, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(McEachern C.J., Taggart and Goldie JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 8, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       


 

                                                                                                                                     Harbanse Singh Doman

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23938)

 

                                                                                                                             Superintendent of Brokers and

                                                                                                        the British Columbia Securities Commission (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Administrative law - Commercial law - Stocks - Reasonable apprehension of bias - Proper test to be applied - If one panel member is disqualified on basis of apprehension of bias, should the whole panel be disqualified?

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



January 25, 1993

Securities Commission

 

Applicants' motion to have one panel member removed on basis of reasonable apprehension of bias dismissed

 

 

 

November 3, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Southin, Cumming and Proudfoot JJ.A.)

 

Appeal on one issue dismissed

 

 

 

December 2, 1993

Court of Appeal for british Columbia

(Southin, Cumming and Proudfoot JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed in part

 

 

 

January 7, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal from November 3, 1993 decision filed 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                        Russell James Bennett; William Richards Bennett;

                                                                                                                                and Harbanse Singh Doman

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23979)

 

                                                                                                                        The Superintendent of Brokers and

                                                                                                       The British Columbia Securities Commission (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Administrative law - Commercial law - Stocks - Reasonable apprehension of bias - Proper test to be applied - If one panel member is disqualified on basis of apprehension of bias, should the whole panel be disqualified?

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



January 25, 1993

Securities Commission

 

Applicants' motion to have one panel member removed on basis of reasonable apprehension of bias dismissed

 

 

 


November 3, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Southin, Cumming and Proudfoot JJ.A.)

 

Appeal on one issue dismissed


 



December 2, 1993

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Southin, Cumming and Proudfoot JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed in part

 

 

 

January 31, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal of Harbanse Singh Doman filed

 

 

 

February 16, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal and for an extension of time by James Russell Bennett filed

 

 

 

February 10, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal and for an extension of time by William Richards Bennett filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                               Wendy Leung

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24029)

 

                                                                                                        The Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (Alta.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Labour law - Grievances - Settlement - Duty of union to represent union members fairly.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



August 5, 1992

Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta (Conrad J.)

 

Action dismissed

 

 

 

January 7, 1994

Court of Appeal of Alberta (Lieberman, Irving and Harradence JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 


March 8, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

 

Application for leave to appeal filed


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER AND McLACHLIN JJ. /

LES JUGES L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER ET McLACHLIN

 

                                                                                                                                                          L.D.

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (24033)

 

                                                                                                                                                  G.R. (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit de la famille - Garde - Procédure - Procès - Preuve - Indépendance judiciaire - Partialité -Le jugement de la Cour supérieure confiant la garde des deux enfants à l'intimé et celui de la Cour d'appel rejetant l'appel de la demanderesse sont-ils une manifestation de la discrimination systémique dont les femmes sont victimes dans le système judiciaire canadien? - Compte tenu de la nature des liens entre les différents experts et de la dynamique entre les institutions judiciaires montréalaises, ces deux décisions respectent-elles le principe de l'indépendance intrajudiciaire et de l'impartialité? - La Cour suprême peut-elle intervenir en vertu de l'art. 46 du Code de procédure civile et de ses pouvoirs inhérents pour modifier la structure et l'organisation de la dynamique entre les intervenants en vue de garantir une audition impartiale à la demanderesse?

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 15 novembre 1993

Cour supérieure du Québec (Bénard j.c.s.)

 

Requête de l'intimé en changement de garde accueillie

 

 

 

Le 18 janvier 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec (Baudouin, Proulx et Steinberg jj.c.a.)

 

Requête de l'intimé en rejet d'appel accueillie et requête de la demanderesse en suspension de l'exécution provisoire du jugement dont appel rejetée

 

 

 

Le 17 mars 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

APRIL 13, 1994 / LE 13 AVRIL 1994

 

CORAM:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER AND CORY AND IACOBUCCI JJ. /

LE JUGE EN CHEF LAMER ET LES JUGES CORY ET IACOBUCCI

 

                                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24027)

 

                                                                                                                                        C.A.M. (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Sentencing - Respondent convicted on counts of assaults, assaults with a weapon, sexual assaults, incest and uttering threats, against five of his children - Whether the majority of the Court of Appeal erred in reducing the sentence from twenty-five years imprisonment to eighteen years imprisonment - Whether the majority of the Court of Appeal erred in applying as a principle of sentencing, that absent the imposition of a life sentence, the maximum sentence that may be imposed for any number of offenses is twenty years - Whether the majority of the Court of Appeal erred in finding that retribution is not a legitimate principle of sentencing - Whether the majority of the Court of Appeal erred in finding that if the Respondent would not be rehabilitated during a twenty year sentence the Respondent was obligated to bring dangerous offender proceedings against him.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


February 8, 1993

Provincial Court of British Columbia (Filmer P.C.J.)

 

Sentence: 25 years imprisonment

 

 

 

January 14, 1994

Court of Appeal for British Columbia (Seaton [dissenting], Wood and Rowles JJ.A.)

 

Appeal against sentence allowed

 

 

 

March 4, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                             Stephen Fadelle

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24046)

 

                                                                                                                              Her Majesty the Queen (N.S.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Trial - Reasonable doubt - Was conviction for murder justified given that it depended on inconsistent findings by the trial judge relating to the credibility of the critical Crown witness? - Effect of contradictions in the Court's assessment of evidence that were left unresolved and unexplained - Did trial judge err in assessing evidence without specific acknowledgement in determining credibility that the evidence supporting conviction ultimately came only from the alternative potential perpetrator of the very offence charged.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



June 10, 1993

Supreme Court of Nova Scotia (Hall J.)

 

Conviction:  second degree murder

 

 

 

January 18, 1994

Nova Scotia Court of Appeal (Hallett, Matthews and Freeman JJ.A.)

 

Appeal from conviction and sentence dismissed

 

 

 


March 17, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

 

Application for leave to appeal filed


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                              Attorney General for the Province of Ontario

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23986)

 

Wayne Pamajewon, Roger Jones, Margaret Jones and Susan Pamajewon, in

their personal capacities and in their representative capacities on behalf

of all members of the Shawanaga Band of Indians, and the Attorney General of Canada (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Constitutional law - Indians - Highways - Road running through Shawanaga Indian Reserve used for years by members of the public - Road maintained by federal and provincial funds and by Shawanaga Band - Whether road through reserve is "common and public highway".

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



February 19, 1990

Supreme Court of Ontario (Montgomery J.)

 

Declaration and injunction granted to plaintiffs

 

 

 

December 9, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Tarnopolsky, Krever and Arbour JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed

 

 

 

February 7, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                            Valery Fabrikant

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23795)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Qué.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Procedural law - Contempt of court - Trial judge bringing Applicant's defence to an end after convicting and sentencing him on six counts of contempt of court during the Applicant's trial - Court of Appeal dismissing Applicant's Motion for urgent relief - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in applying the rule that the interlocutory decisions were not appealable.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



July 30, 1993

Superior Court of Quebec (Martin J.)

 

Sentence on six convictions of contempt of court

 

 

 

August 4, 1993

Court of Appeal of Quebec (Mailhot J.A.)

 

Motion for urgent relief dismissed

 

 

 


January 25, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  LA FOREST, SOPINKA AND MAJOR JJ. /

LES JUGES LA FOREST, SOPINKA ET MAJOR

 

                                                                                                                                                 Jeffrey Dunn

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24041)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Statutes - Interpretation - Sentencing - Applicant convicted of assault causing bodily harm - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the Applicant could not receive the benefit of a new sentencing provision that was proclaimed into force after he was sentenced at trial but before his appeal from sentence was heard and determined in the Court of Appeal.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



April 3, 1992

Ontario Court of Justice (General Division)

(Haines J.)

 

Sentence: Conditional discharge

Order: weapons prohibition under s. 100  of the Criminal Code  for 5 years

 

 

 

February 16, 1994

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Grange, Griffiths and Osborne JJ.A.)

 

Applicant's appeal against conviction and s. 100  of the Criminal Code  order dismissed

 

 

 

March 14, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                       Martin & Stewart Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24021)

 

                                                                                                            The Superintendent of Pensions (Nova Scotia)

                                                                                                                           and Robert Attenborough (N.S.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Labour law - Pensions - Application under the Pensions Benefits Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 340, for a determination of entitlement to the surplus funds remaining in the Applicant's Pension Plan after it ceased operations, decided in favour of the Respondent Attenborough - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the accumulated surplus in the Pension Plan was an accrued benefit for the members - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that an irrevocable trust had been established in favour of the former employees in respect of excess pension funds not required to cover the defined benefits of the members.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


November 5, 1992

Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, Trial Division

(Glube J., in Chambers)

 

Respondent Attenborough entitled to surplus funds in Applicant's Pension Plan

 

 

 

June 1, 1993

Court of Appeal for Nova Scotia

(Jones, Hallett and Roscoe JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 7, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                          Philip Avrith and Philip Avrith Investments Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24036)

 

                                                                                                                Richter, Usher & Vineberg and Wasserman,

                                                                                                                       Stotland, Bratt & Grossbaum (Qué.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Procedural law - Commercial law - Receivership - Judgments and orders - Evidence - Costs - Whether the trial judge erred in approving professional fees payable to the Respondents as there was no evidence of the performance of the Respondents regarding the usefulness and necessity of the services claimed to support a finding that professional fees were due in the amount awarded - Whether the trial judge's order is ultra petita - Whether the trial judge erred in granting costs against the Applicants when the Motion for fees was also contested by the original Respondents - Whether the Court of Appeal could have dismissed for frivolity an appeal de plano.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



June 14, 1993

Superior Court of Quebec (Kennedy J.)

 

Order: Respondents to be paid professional fees in the amount of $519,167.00

 

 

 

January 10, 1994

Court of Appeal of Quebec (Beauregard, Baudouin and Proulx JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 11, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                     Patricia B. MacCulloch

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23652)

 

                                                                                                                                  Price Waterhouse Limited

 

                                                                                                                                                          and

 

                                                                                                                    The Bank of Nova Scotia and Employees

                                                                                                                         R. Douglas and D. MacLeod (N.S.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Procedural law - Commercial law - Actions - Evidence - Bankruptcy - Rules of procedure - Reasonable cause of action - Fees of trustee in bankruptcy - Applicant's statements of claim against Respondents alleging negligent mismanagement and conflict of interest struck out as disclosing no reasonable causes of action - Trial judge exercising her discretion under Nova Scotia Civil Procedure Rule 14.25 not to hear viva voce evidence on the applications before her - Whether the Nova Scotia Court erred in finding that the Applicant's statements of claim disclosed no reasonable causes of action - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the trial Judge made no reviewable error in exercising her discretion under Nova Scotia Civil Procedure Rule 14.25 not to hear viva voce evidence on the applications before her.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



August 13, 1992

Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, Trial Division

(Glube C.J.T.D.)

 

Trial judge allowing Respondents' applications to have Applicant's actions against them dismissed

 

 

 

April 22, 1993

Nova Scotia Court of Appeal (Jones, Matthews and Freeman JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed except to the extent that the last paragraph in the order of the trial judge barring any further action is struck out

 

 

 

February 25, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Complete application for leave to appeal and extension of time filed

 

 

 

March 4, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada (Cory J.)

 

Application for extension of time granted

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER AND McLACHLIN JJ. /

LES JUGES L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER ET McLACHLIN

 

                                                                                                                                                       Regina

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24020)

 

                                                                                                                                Patrick Pontes (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Motor vehicles - Offences - Defence - Whether the Courts below erred in finding that s. 94 of the Motor Vehicle Act, R.S.B.C. 1979, c. 288, when read in conjunction with s. 92, creates an absolute liability offence which violates s. 7  of the Charter - Whether the Courts below erred in distinguishing the case of R. v. MacDougall, [1982] 2 S.C.R. 605 - Whether the decision of the Courts below has serious consequences for the mistake of law/mistake of fact doctrine and has the potential to invalidate many strict liability offences, where a prohibition arises by operation of law, making them offences where knowledge of the prohibition is a condition precedent to a finding of mens rea or fault.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



June 14, 1991

Provincial Court of British Columbia

(Cronin P.C.J.)

 

Charge dismissed:  S. 94 of the Motor Vehicle Act held unconstitutional

 

 

 

April 27, 1992

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Hood J.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

January 5, 1994

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Cumming, Gibbs and Hollinrake JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 7, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                                 Renald Kean

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (23957)

 

                                                                                                                         Sa Majesté La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  de la personne - Droit criminel - Infractions - Défense -Meurtre au deuxième degré - Juge et jury - Directives - Le juge du procès n'aurait-il pas dû scinder en deux ses directives au jury, d'abord sur la question de l'automatisme et de l'acquittement qui en découle par priorité et, sur rejet de ce moyen de défense, sur les autres actes d'accusation possibles? - En ne scindant pas ses directives, le juge du procès a-t-il privé le demandeur de son droit à un procès équitable prévu aux alinéas 11d)  et g) de la Charte?

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 17 mai 1990

Cour supérieure du Québec (Desjardins J.C.S.)

 

Culpabilité: Meurtre au deuxième degré

 

 

 

Le 13 septembre 1993

Cour d'appel du Québec (LeBel, Tourigny et Brossard, JJ.C.A.)

 

Appel rejeté

 

 

 

Le 2 février 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

(Sopinka J.)

 

Demande de prorogation du délai de dépôt de la demande d'autorisation d'appel au 8 mars 1994 renvoyée à la formation saisie de la demande d'autorisation d'appel avec note qu'à compter du 2 février 1994 le délai ne court pas contre le demandeur

 

 

 

Le 7 mars 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                             Les Constructions Drumco Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (24050)

 

                                                                                                    Canassurance, compagnie d'assurance-vie Inc. (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Procédure - Procédure civile - Actions - Preuve - Aveu judiciaire - Droit commercial - Prêt - Privilèges de constructeur - Créance hypothécaire - Action sur compte et privilège de la demanderesse contre un promoteur immobilier - Intervention agressive de la créancière hypothécaire intimée au litige pour faire reconnaître une concession de rang consentie par la demanderesse - Appel en garantie de l'intimée pour mettre en cause les notaires qui agissaient comme ses mandataires - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en puisant contre la demanderesse des faits et de la preuve qui apparaissaient seulement dans l'instance distincte en garantie? - Une partie qui intervient agressivement dans un litige et qui procède à appeler en garantie ses mandataires qu'elle tient responsables si l'action principale est accueillie fait-elle ainsi un aveu judiciaire d'avoir subi un dommage par sa propre faute? - Art. 222 du Code de procédure civile, L.R.Q. 1977, ch. C-25.

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 13 juillet 1992

Cour supérieure du Québec (Arsenault j.c.s.)

 

Action sur compte et privilège de la demanderesse accueillie

 

 

 

Le 28 janvier 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec (Beauregard, Rousseau-Houle et Deschamps jj.c.a.)

 

Appel de la demanderesse rejeté

 

 

 


Le 22 mars 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                                        J.L.D.

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (24028)

 

                                                                                                                                          René Vallée (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  - Droit administratif - Appel - Compétence - Libertés publiques - Responsabilité civile - Dommages-intérêts - Publicité du processus judiciaire - Compétence de droit commun de la Cour d'appel du Québec - Requête du demandeur pour être autorisé à utiliser ses initiales et pour mise sous scellé du dossier - Refuser à une victime d'agression sexuelle le droit d'intenter une poursuite civile contre son agresseur sous un pseudonyme, d'élire domicile à l'adresse de ses procureurs et de demander que le dossier soit scellé viole-t-il ses droits à l'intégrité et à la sécurité de sa personne, à la sauvegarde de sa dignité, de son honneur et de sa réputation et au respect de sa vie privée? - Le refus de rendre une ordonnance de non-publication du dossier civil jusqu'au jugement à être rendu dans le dossier criminel viole-t-il le droit de l'intimé à la présomption d'innocence? - Le droit à une audition publique, prévu à l'article 23 de la Charte québécoise et à l'article 13 du Code de procédure civile comprend-il le droit à la divulgation des noms exacts des parties? Application des articles 7  et 11d)  de la Charte  canadienne  et des articles 1, 4, 5 et 23 de la Charte québécoise.

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 9 mars 1994

Cour supérieure du Québec (De Blois, J.C.S.)

 

Requête du demandeur pour être autorisé à utiliser ses initiales et pour mise sous scellé du dossier rejetée

 

 

 

Le 10 mars 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec (Chouinard, J.C.A.)

 

Requête du demandeur pour permission d'interjeter appel rejetée

 

 

 

Le 11 mars 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec

(Rothman, Baudouin et Steinberg, JJ.C.A.)

 

Requête du demandeur en révision de la requête pour permission d'appel rejetée

 

 

 

Le 11 mars 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

(Cory J.)

 

Requête du demandeur en abrègement des délais de présentation d'une requête en sursis et requête en sursis accordées sous conditions

 

 

 

Le 18 mars 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

APRIL 19, 1994 / LE 19 AVRIL 1994

 

CORAM:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER AND CORY AND IACOBUCCI JJ. /

LE JUGE EN CHEF LAMER ET LES JUGES CORY ET IACOBUCCI

 

                                                                                                                                                Brian Chisan

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24032)

 

                                                                                                                             Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Defence - Offences - Pre-trial procedure - Plea of Autrefois acquit - Application of s. 808  of the Criminal Code  and of R. v. VanRassel, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 225 - Whether the Court of Appeal of Alberta erred in failing to give its interpretation of s. 808(2)  of the Criminal Code , to address the prosecutorial requirement of s. 808(2),  to consider the particulars available for each information and in making a decision on both s. 808(2) of the Code and s. 11 (h) of the Charter in the total absence of a different cause except the previous order of dismissal and the Prosecutor's admission in Provincial Court that the second charge was the same matter.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



September 14, 1992

Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta (Waite J.)

 

Order that the Applicant's application for an order in the nature of certiorari be vacated and struck off and that the trial be allowed to proceed

 

 

 

January 14, 1994

Court of Appeal of Alberta (Harradence, Conrad and McMahon, JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 15, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

Saskatchewan Power Corporation

 

v. (24026)

 

Pascall Bighetty, Annaliese Dumas, Frank Dumas, Ralph Caribou,

George Castel, Brian Bighetty, Gordon Bear, Solomon Linklater,

Mathias Sinclair and Dominique Hart, on their own behalves and

on behalf of the Mathias Colomb Band of Indians, and Alfred Bighetty,

Ernest Bighetty, Roy Bighetty and Charles Michel, on their own behalf

and on behalf of the Barren Lands Band of Indians

 

- and -

 

                                                                     The Attorney General of Canada  and The Attorney General of Manitoba (Man.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Constitutional law - Waters and watercourses - Actions - Whether claim should have been struck out.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



June 1, 1993

Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba (Jewers J.)

 

Motion by the Applicant for order staying or dismissing Barren Lands Band's claim dismissed; Mathias Colomb Band's claim stayed pending amendments; claim for injunction struck out of statement of claim

 

 

 

January 5, 1994

Court of Appeal of Manitoba (Scott C.J.M. and Helper and Kroft JJ.A.)

 

Appeal by the Applicant dismissed

 

 

 

March 3, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                 Mayfield Investments Ltd. operating as the Mayfield Inn

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (23739)

 

                                                                                            Gillian Stewart, Keith Stewart and Stuart David Pettie (Alta.)

(application for leave to cross-appeal)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Damages - Negligence - Standard of care - Extent of liability - Causation - Respondent Gillian Stewart injured in motor vehicle accident following party at dinner theatre operated by the Applicant and attended by the Respondents - Respondent Pettie driving while intoxicated - Action in damages against the Applicant allowed - Percentage of total liability assessed against the Applicant if negligence of Respondent Pettie amounts to gross negligence.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



May 10, 1990

Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta (Agrios J.)

 

Action in damages against the Applicant dismissed

 

 

 

June 4, 1993

Court of Appeal for Alberta (Kerans, Hetherington and Irving JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed

 

 

 

October 5, 1993

Court of Appeal for Alberta

(Kerans, Hetherington and Irving JJ.A.)

 

Supplemental reasons

 

 

 

February 10, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

(Lamer C.J., Cory and Iacobucci JJ.)

 

Applications for leave to appeal by the Applicant and the Respondents Gillian Stewart and Keith Stewart granted

 

 

 

March 28, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to cross-appeal by the Respondents Gillian Stewart and Keith Stewart filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                                   Dean Baril

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24035)

 

                                                                                                             Monique Lorraine Liard and Lily Liard (Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Family law - Infants - Custody and access - Conflict of laws - Comity - Appeals - Children's Law Reform Act, R.S.O 1990, c. C.12 - British Columbia order superseded by Ontario Courts - Can an inferior court supersede a decision of an extra-provincial superior court - Test for review of order made on basis of affidavit evidence - Gillespie v. Gillespie (1993) 10 O.R. 3d 641 (C.A.).

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



June 21, 1993

Ontario Court (Provincial Division) (Weisman P.C.J.)

 

British Columbia orders superseded; interim custody to Respondent mother

 

 

 

October 29, 1993

Ontario Court (General Division)

(Hawkins J.)

 

Order set aside:  custody issue to be tried in British Columbia; Respondent granted interim custody for 60 days to permit application in British Columbia courts

 

 

 


January 19, 1994

Court of Appeal for Ontario (Brooke, Finlayson and Osborne JJ.A.)

 

Appeal allowed:  order of Hawkins J. set aside and order of Weisman P.C.J. restored

 

 


March 7, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

CORAM:  LA FOREST, SOPINKA AND MAJOR JJ. /

LES JUGES LA FOREST, SOPINKA ET MAJOR

 

                                                                                                                                      Midland Seafoods Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24045)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Pre-trial procedure - Offences - Fisheries - Information - Applicant charged with two counts of unlawful import into Canada of shipment of fish without having provided written notification of the importation of the said shipment to an inspector as required by s. 6(2)(e) of the Fish Inspection Regulations, C.R.C. 1978, c. 802 - Whether s. 6(2)(e) and the allegations contained in the Information disclose an offence known to law - Whether the Information contains sufficient detail of the circumstances of the alleged offence to enable the Applicant to defend it - Whether the defects in the Information could be corrected by amendment - Sections 7  and 11 (g) of the Charter.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



January 6, 1992

Ontario Court (Provincial Division) (Hogg J.)

 

Motion for an order to quash the Information and the charges granted

 

 

 

October 26, 1992

Ontario Court (General Division) (Sutherland J.)

 

Appeal allowed and new trial ordered

 

 

 

January 19, 1994

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Griffiths, Carthy and Abella JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 18, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                            Derrick C. Brown

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24047)

 

                                                                                                                     Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Defence - Evidence - Offences - First degree murder - Provocation - Planning and deliberation - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the trial judge adequately reviewed planning and deliberation evidence in his charge to the jury so as to distinguish those issues from the Applicant's intent to kill simpliciter? - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the trial judge did not err in instructing the jury with respect to the distinction between provocation on the issue of planning and deliberation and provocation as set out in s. 232  of the Criminal Code  -Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the trial judge correctly instructed the jury that the Applicant was guilty of first degree murder only if the murder was a product of prior planning and deliberation - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the trial judge did not err in admitting into evidence documents relating to the Applicant's application for exclusive possession of the matrimonial home and custody of his children made after the death of the deceased - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the trial judge did not err in instructing the jury that a pre-existing intention to kill could rebut the defense of provocation? - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the trial judge did not err in instructing the jury so as to remove evidence probative to the Applicant's state of mind at the time of the stabbing from their consideration.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


March 9, 1990

Supreme Court of Ontario (Craig J.)

 

Conviction:  first degree murder

 

 

 

June 11, 1993

Court of Appeal for Ontario

(Osborne, Doherty and Austin JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 11, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                               Richard Sidney Thomas Rose

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24058)

 

                                                                                                                                     Ronald B. Mitton (N.S.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Negligence - Barristers and solicitors - Damages - Assessment - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the date of assessment of damages where a solicitor is negligent in resolving a personal injury claim is the date that the solicitor negligence or breach occurred.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY



July 23, 1993

Supreme Court of Nova Scotia

(MacAdam J. in Chambers)

 

Order on special case:  damages to be assessed as at 1980

 

 

 

January 31, 1994

Nova Scotia Court of Appeal

(Jones, Hart and Hallett JJ.A.)

 

Appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 28, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                 Martselos Services Limited

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24048)

 

                                                                                                                                     Arctic College (N.W.T.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Commercial law - Contracts - Damages - Tender - Privilege clause - Breach of contract - Interpretation of Ron Engineering & Construction Eastern Ltd. [1981] 1 S.C.R. 111. - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the Respondent did not breach its tender contract with the Applicant in awarding the services contract to the competitor - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the Respondent was not in breach of the tender contract with the Applicant in not awarding the services contract to the Applicant.

 


PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 


May 8, 1992

Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories

(de Weerdt J.)

 

Applicant awarded damages for loss of profit as a result of the Respondent's failure to award its contract


 


January 19, 1994

Court of Appeal of the Northwest Territories

(Tallis, Hetherington and Vertes JJ.A)

 

Appeal allowed; trial judgment set aside

 

 

 

May 21, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

CORAM:  L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER AND McLACHLIN JJ. /

LES JUGES L'HEUREUX-DUBÉ, GONTHIER ET McLACHLIN

 

                                                                                                                                       Larry Melvin Herman

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24040)

 

                                                                                                                      Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Evidence - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to admit the new evidence sought to be adduced.

 

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



February 14, 1991

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Dohm J.)

 

Conviction: Sexual assault

 

 

 

January 21, 1994

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

Southin, Taylor and Prowse [dissenting] JJ.A.)

 

Application to adduce fresh evidence and appeal dismissed

 

 

 


March 2, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Notice of appeal as of right filed (CMS - 1)

 

 


March 21, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                  Edward Chum Richardson

 

                                                                                                                                                    v. (24034)

 

                                                                                                      David Glenn Avery and Joseph Donald Korody (B.C.)

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Damages - Trespass - Property law - Personal property - Costs - Action for damages for trespass upon the lands of the Applicant and for cutting and removing trees from his property and for damaging trees left standing - Action allowed in part - Stay of proceedings pending appeal - Whether the Court of Appeal for British Columbia erred in law in determining that the $12,000.00 paid into court by the Respondents was in fact sufficient to cover any further award on appeal and to cover the costs awarded to the Applicant.

 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

 



September 3, 1993

Supreme Court of British Columbia (Coultas J.)

 

Applicant's action for damages allowed in part

 

 

 

January 18, 1994

Court of Appeal for British Columbia

(Hinds J.A. in chambers)

 

Application for a stay of proceedings pending appeal dismissed

 

 

 

March 18, 1994

Supreme Court of Canada

 

Application for leave to appeal and for a stay of Coultas J.'s order filed

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                       Denise Dompierre et André Touchet

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (24049)

 

                                                                                                                                          Constance Provost

 

                                                                                                                                                            et

 

                                                                                                                                             Hélène Lavigne,

 

                                                                                                                                                            et

 

                                                                                                                                       Ville d'Aylmer (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit administratif - Droit municipal - Élection - Assermentation - Requête en contestation d'élection - Interprétation de l'expression "effet déterminant" de l'article 294 de la Loi sur les élections et les référendums dans les municipalités, L.R.Q. ch. E-2.1 - Les bulletins de vote, remis et initialés par une personne non assermentée, doivent-ils être rejetés au motif que cette personne n'est jamais entrée en fonctions, faute d'avoir été assermentée?

 


HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 


Le 17 novembre 1992

Cour supérieure du Québec (Tremblay J.C.S.)

 

Requête en contestation d'élection rejetée

 

 

 

Le 19 janvier 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec

(McCarthy, Proulx et Otis, JJ.C.A.)

 

Appel rejeté

 

 

 

Le 21 mars 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                 Les Terrasses Zarolega Inc.

 

                                                                                                                                                    c. (24042)

 

                                                                                                                      La Régie des installations olympiques

 

                                                                                                                                                            et

 

                                                                                                                    L'honorable Albert Mayrand, es qualité

                                                                                                                      L'honorable Paul Trudeau, es qualité

                                                                                                                                Me Jacques Besré, es qualité

                                                                                                                                       Le conseil d'arbitrage

 

                                                                                                                                                            et

 

                                                                                                                   Le Procureur général du Québec (Qué.)

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit administratif - Procédure - Procédure civile - Législation - Brefs de prérogative - Contrôle judiciaire - Compétence - Preuve - Indemnisation de la demanderesse par suite de son expropriation par l'intimée - Interprétation des articles 10 et 27 de la Loi concernant le Village Olympique, L.Q. 1976, ch. 43 -La Cour d'appel du Québec a-t-elle erré dans son interprétation de l'article 27 de la loi.

 

HISTORIQUE PROCÉDURAL

 



Le 5 novembre 1986

Conseil d'arbitrage (Mayrand, Trudeau [dissident]

et Besré, membres)

 

Sentence arbitrale:  la demanderesse doit verser 289 425$ à l'intimée

 

 

 

Le 23 août 1989

Cour supérieure du Québec (Nolin J.C.S.)

 

Requête de la demanderesse en évocation accueillie

 

 

 

Le 17 janvier 1994

Cour d'appel du Québec (Vallerand, Chouinard et

Rousseau-Houle JJ.C.A.)

 

Appel accueilli

 

 

 

Le 17 mars 1994

Cour suprême du Canada

 

Demande d'autorisation d'appel déposée

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



JUDGMENTS ON APPLICATIONS

FOR LEAVE

 

JUGEMENTS RENDUS SUR LES DEMANDES D'AUTORISATION


 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

MARCH 15, 1994 / LE 15 MARS 1994

 

23946            ANDREJ ZABUKOVEC - v. - JOZICA ZABUKOVEC (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Procedural law - Family Law - Appeal - Time to Appeal - Extension of time - Division of property - Access - Division of family assets and support for a wife and a 13 year old daughter contribution by a spouse - Claim to unequal division - Sale of matrimonial home ordered - Allegations by Respondent that Applicant wilfully obstructed the sale of the matrimonial home - Writ of Possession granted in favour of Respondent.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23799            DELGAMUUKW, also know as EARL MULDOE, suing on his own behalf and on behalf of all the members of the HOUSE OF DELGAMUUKW AND HAAXW (and others suing on their own behalf and on behalf of members of thirty eight GITKSAN HOUSES and twelve WET'SUWET'EN HOUSES as shown in Schedule 1) - v. - Her Majesty the Queen in Right of the Province of British Columbia and the Attorney General of Canada (B.C.)(judgment rendered March 10, 1994; revised March 15, 1994)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Sopinka and Cory JJ.

 

The applications for leave to appeal and to cross-appeal are granted.

 

Les demandes d'autorisation d'appel et d'appel-incident sont accordées.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Indians - Land - Aboriginal Rights - Whether Court of Appeal erred in its definition of the nature, extent and status of aboriginal rights.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

MARCH 24, 1994 / LE 24 MARS 1994

 

23579            DONAHUE MORGAN v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Procedural law - Trial - Statutes - Interpretation - Offenses - Defence - Evidence - Charge to the jury - Applicant convicted of 11 counts of trafficking narcotics or possession of narcotics for the purposes of trafficking and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment - Whether the trial judge erred in law in failing to instruct the jury that they had a right to disagree - Whether the trial judge erred in law in denigrating the position of the defence by answering the defence assertions by not referring to evidence in support of the defence and by confusing the defence position with positions available to the defence which error resulted in a miscarriage of justice - Whether the trial judge erred in law in commenting on the failure of the Applicant's spouse to testify - Whether the trial judge erred in defining trafficking by "offer" under the Narcotic Control Act which error resulted in an unreasonable verdict.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 


23916            SCOTT DAVID JONES v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for extension of time is granted and the application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande de prorogation de délai est accordée et la demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Jurisdiction - Sentencing - Applicant making motion seeking relief under s. 24(1)  of the Charter on a sentence appeal to the Court of Appeal - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in declaring that it was not a court of competent jurisdiction within the meaning of the Charter - Whether the conduct of Crown counsel at the sentence hearing constituted a breach of the Applicant's constitutional rights.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23903            RANJIT GILL v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for extension of time is granted and the application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande de prorogation de délai est accordée et la demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Offences - Defence - Evidence - Second degree murder - Intoxication - Defence of provocation - Whether the test for provocation stipulated in s. 232(2)  of the Criminal Code  involves an objective or a subjective test - Whether the trial judge ought to have instructed the jury to take into consideration the Applicant's cultural background, his relationship with the deceased and intoxication in determining whether the Applicant acted on the sudden and before there was time for his passion to cool.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23956            DONALD GORDON BUTCHART v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Evidence - Charge to the jury - Doctrine of recent possession - Identification evidence - Defence of alibi - Whether despite an error in charge to the jury no substantial wrong or miscarriage of justice occurred in accordance with s. 686(1)(b)(iii)of the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c.C-46 .

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23723            MARC GILBERT c. SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE (C.A.F.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation de prorogation de délai est accordée et la demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 


The application for extension of time is granted and the application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit fiscal - Impôt sur le revenu - Calcul du revenu - Cotisation - Paragraphe 146(8.3) de Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu - En 1987, le demandeur a versé une somme de 6 500 $ dans R.E.E.R. de son épouse - En 1989, l'épouse du demandeur a retiré cette somme de son R.E.E.R - Est-ce que le ministre du Revenu national a eu raison d'ajouter un montant de 6 500 $ au revenu du demandeur pour son année d'imposition 1989, en application du paragraphe 146(8.3) de la Loi?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23895            MARVIN GORDON ST. DENIS v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Alta.)        

 

CORAM:      L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Defence - Whether the trial judge erred in his instruction to the jury in that he failed to explain adequately the theory of the defence respecting the distinction between second degree murder and manslaughter - Whether the trial judge erred in his instruction to the jury in that he failed to explain adequately the common law respecting the defence of intoxication and how the issue of drunkenness affected the pivotal issue of intent - To the extent that the Beard rules represent a rule of common law, such rule offends ss. 7  and 11 (d) of the Charter and cannot be saved by s. 1  of the Charter.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23710            GOLDEN HORSE FARMS INC., ROBERT HANNES NELSON, DORIS MERRILL NELSON v. HOUSEHOLD TRUST COMPANY(B.C.)

 

CORAM:      L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Property law ‑ Mortgages ‑ Taxation of costs ‑ Foreclosure proceedings brought by the Respondent Household Trust Company, to enforce a mortgage on residential property registered in the name of the Applicant, Golden Horse Farms ‑ Order Nisi of Foreclosure ‑ Finding of default on mortgage ‑ Application to extend period of redemption denied ‑ Order Absolute of Foreclosure.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23873            CLAUDE MAHEU c. MINISTÈRE DU REVENU NATIONAL (C.A.F.)(Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation de prorogation de délai est accordée et la demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

The application for extension of time is granted and the application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

 


NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  - Procédure - Procédure civile - Demande de contrôle judiciaire devant la Cour d'appel fédérale - Requête pour cesser d'occuper présentée par le procureur du demandeur accordée - Rejet de la demande de contrôle judiciaire au motif que le demandeur n'a pas obtempéré à l'ordonnance de la Cour le priant de justifier son retard à déposer son dossier - La Cour d'appel fédérale a-t-elle erré en rejetant le recours du demandeur en raison de son refus de se conformer aux règles de pratique de la Cour fédérale?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23919            A.J.L. v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Alta.)(Y.O.A.)

 

CORAM:      L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Statutes - Young offenders - Offences - Evidence - Interpretation - Possession of stolen property - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in distinguishing the applicability of this Court's decision in R. v. Terrence, [1983] 1 S.C.R. 357, and inferring the necessary control for the Applicant under s. 4(3)  of the Criminal Code  - Whether evidence of flight can amount to evidence of common knowledge and consent as required by s. 4(3) (b) of the Criminal Code .

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

23920            C.C. v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Alta.)(Y.O.A.)

 

CORAM:      L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Statutes - Young offenders - Offences - Evidence - Interpretation - Possession of stolen property - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in distinguishing the applicability of this Court's decision in R. v. Terrence, [1983] 1 S.C.R. 357, and inferring the necessary control for the Applicant under s. 4(3)  of the Criminal Code  - Whether evidence of flight can amount to evidence of common knowledge and consent as required by s. 4(3) (b) of the Criminal Code .

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23043            PETER WALZ v. SARBJIT SINGH HAYRE (B.C.)

 

CORAM:                              La Forest, Sopinka and Cory JJ.

 

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Negligence - Insurance - Motor vehicles - Respondent unable to work for eighteen months following motor vehicle accident - Whether unemployment insurance benefits and Canadian Pension Plan disability benefits should be deducted from a damage award for loss of income in order to avoid double recovery.

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23393            M.B.B. c. SUZANNE LAROSE, J.H.V., M.G.B. ET M.E.B. ET COMMISSION DE LA PROTECTION DES DROITS DE LA JEUNESSE (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka et Gonthier

 

La demande de réexamen est rejetée avec dépens.

 

The application for a re-hearing is dismissed with costs.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit de la famille - Garde - Mineurs - Appels - Preuve - Protection de la jeunesse - Déclaration en vertu de l'art. 38 de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse que la sécurité des enfants est compromise - Le juge de première instance a-t-elle erré en soumettant le demandeur à un double péril, contrevenant ainsi à l'article 7  de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés ? - Le juge de première instance a-t-elle erré en recevant la preuve par ouï-dire des déclarations antérieures des enfants et, subsidiairement, en donnant foi à cette preuve alors qu'elle n'avait pas la force probante requise?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

MARCH 31, 1994 / LE 31 MARS 1994

 

23908            STELLA CASTALDO v. DOMINIC LENTO, MARIO LENTO, MARIANO LENTO, ANTHONY LENTO, RITA LENTO AND FRANCA SCALZO (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Damages - Insurance - Statutes - Interpretation - Right to sue for damages limited by legislation - Threshold test - Respondent Dominic Lento injured in a motor vehicle accident - Respondent's claim for damages for personal injuries allowed by the Ontario Court, General Division - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to impose an objective standard of interpretation on s. 266(1)(b) of the Insurance Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. I.8, and thereby unduly expanded the scope for tort recovery.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

23832            EDWARD ENGLISH v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.) (Nfld.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 


Criminal law - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Procedural law - Pre-trial procedure - Evidence - Applicant charged with sexual offenses during the hearings of the Hughes Inquiry with respect to allegations of sexual misconduct by Christian Brothers at the Mount Cashel Orphanage - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the inquiry's terms of reference did not exceed the jurisdiction of the province - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the holding of the inquiry was only a fact that the Court should deal with at the time of the selection of the jury - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the Applicant's rights were not violated by the holding of the inquiry prior to trial, by the jury selection process used by the trial judge who limited the questioning of perspective jurors by counsel for the Applicant, by the publication by the inquiry of the alleged statements of the Applicant purporting to admit guilt, by the delay in bringing the Applicant to trial, and by the use of a public inquiry to gather evidence against the Applicant.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23917            CONSTANTIN TEODORESCU c. SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée sans dépens.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed without costs.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit administratif - Contrôle judiciaire - Recours - Droit du travail - Relations de travail -Employeur et employé - Avocats et procureurs - Désistement - Demandeur congédié pour conflits d'intérêts et trafic d'influence - Grief rejeté - Désistement du demandeur d'une demande de contrôle judiciaire par suite de représentations d'un avocat quant à l'existence d'un autre recours - Requête de l'intimée en rejet de l'action du demandeur accueillie -Requête du demandeur en vue de faire déclarer nul le désistement rejetée - Le désistement obtenu par suite des erreurs, des manquements et de la mauvaise foi de parties représentant le demandeur est-il irréversible et peut-il contrevenir aux principes de justice naturelle en privant le citoyen de ses droits fondamentaux?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23955            ANDRÉ TOUSIGNANT c. SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE (Crim.)(Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  - Droit criminel - Procédure - Appel - Compétence - Police - Détention arbitraire - Juge du procès écartant une preuve en vertu de l'art. 24(2)  de la Charte au motif que le policier n'avait pas de motifs raisonnables et probables de croire à la commission d'une infraction criminelle, tel que l'exige l'art. 254(3)  du Code criminel  - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle excédé sa juridiction en renversant l'acquittement du demandeur sur le deuxième chef de refus de test et en révisant pour ce faire une question de faits qui aurait dû être laissée à l'appréciation du juge du procès?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23874            PIERRE ANDRÉ GAULIN v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Qué.)

 

CORAM:      L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ.

 

The application for an extension of time and for filing a lenghty memorandum of arguments is granted and the application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation pour prorogation de délai et la requête en vue de produire un long mémoire sont accordées et la demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 


Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal Law - Offences - Food and drugs - Procedural law - Amendments - Statutes - Interpretation - Whether the Applicant was entitled to a fair and trial - Whether the trial judge erred in law in permitting amendments to seven counts some 12 months after the trial, while the case was taken under advisement - Whether the Applicant was deprived of his right to be heard on his cross-appeal before Landry S.C.J.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

APRIL 7, 1994 / LE 7 AVRIL 1994

 

23954            ALOUETTE AMUSEMENTS CANADA INC. c. LE SOUS-MINISTRE DU REVENU DU QUÉBEC (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Le Juge en chef et les juges L'Heureux-Dubé et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit fiscal - Droit procédural - Procédure civile - Évaluation - Délai - Requête en prorogation de délai pour signifier un avis d'opposition rejetée - L'interprétation donnée jusqu'ici à l'article 1057 de la Loi sur les impôts, L.R.Q. ch. I-3, par les tribunaux du Québec justifie-t-elle l'intervention de cette Cour?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23942            JEAN BOILEAU c. SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE (Crim.)(Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  - Droit criminel - Droit à l'assistance d'un avocat - Aide juridique et avocat de garde - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle erré en droit en statuant que l'arrêt majoritaire de la Cour suprême dans R. c. Brydges, [1990] 1 R.C.S. 190, ne fait pas obligation aux policiers d'informer les justiciables, dans tous les cas d'arrestation ou de détention, de l'existence selon le cas de régimes d'avocats de garde et/ou d'aide juridique lorsque ceux-ci existent?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

APRIL 14, 1994 / LE 14 AVRIL 1994

 

23761            DUANE JEFFREY MARTIN v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Evidence - Offences - Attempted murder - Party to the offence - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in affirming the trial judge's interpretation of the evidence respecting the requisite intent for attempted murder of a party to the offence.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 


23972            HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. R.H.J. (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Offences - Defence - Evidence - Sexual assault - Consent - Whether the Court of Appeal for British Columbia erred in failing to give proper meaning to the concept of "consent" in the definition of sexual assault - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that sexual exploitation was an included offence to the indictment for sexual assault in the present case - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that the trial judge did not satisfactorily charge the jury with respect to the testimony of the sexual abuse expert called by the Crown.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23983            HUGH VINCENT LUNN v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(C.M.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Procedural law - Trial - Evidence -Offenses - Whether the Applicant's trial violated his rights under ss. 7  and 11 (d) of the Charter -Whether s. 129 of the National Defence Act , R.S.C. 1985, c. N-5 , is unconstitutional - Whether the President of the Standing Court Martial erred in admitting into evidence the results of a search conducted in violation of the Applicant's rights under s. 8  of the Charter - Whether the President of the Standing Court Martial erred in failing to stay the proceedings on the basis that the investigation and prosecution of the case involved violations of the Applicant's right to silence under s. 7  of the Charter - Whether the President of the Standing Court Martial erred in taking judicial notice that service personnel are aware that possession and retention of expensive items of military equipment requires the express permission of a service person's superior and in convicting the Applicant on the basis that he would know that he required the express permission of his superiors to take and retain the items of military equipment.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23981            JOAN DESLOGES v. CANADIAN KENNEL CLUB (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 


Commercial law - Procedural law - Damages - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find the Respondent failed to follow principles of natural justice or other appropriate procedures before taking action that would prevent the Applicant from carrying on her business as a breeder and seller of purebred dogs - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that having notified the Applicant that it would be dealing with a minor complaint the Respondent could not then without notice deal with a charge carrying a more serious penalty - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that the Respondent's denial of the Applicant's right to register or transfer her purebred dogs was illegal or without legal justification, having regard to s. 6(5) of the Livestock Pedigree Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-10  - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that since the Respondent's denial of the Applicant's right to register or transfer her purebred dogs was contrary to s. 6(5) of the Livestock Pedigree Act and otherwise illegal or without legal justification, it is liable in damages to the Applicant regardless of whether it acted maliciously or in bad faith - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that the Respondent is liable to the Applicant in damages for wrongful interference with the Applicant's status or ability to pursue her business or vocation.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23584            YUKON HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION and MADELEINE GOULD v. YUKON ORDER OF PIONEERS, DAWSON LODGE NUMBER 1 and WALTER GRONER (Yuk.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The motion to extend time is granted but the motions for rehearing and to cross-appeal on the issue of costs are dismissed.

 

La requête en prorogation de délai est accordée, mais les requêtes en nouvelle audition et en pourvoi incident sur la question des dépens sont rejetées.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  ‑ Civil rights ‑ Procedural law ‑ Statutes ‑ Interpretation ‑ Applicant Gould's application for membership to Respondent Order of Pioneers rejected because of her sex ‑ Board of Adjudication allowing complaint of discrimination pursuant to Yukon Human Rights Act, S.Y. 1987, c. 3 ‑ Whether the Court of Appeal erred in refusing to grant the Respondents costs on a higher scale.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23910            HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. TERRENCE JOSEPH PERRY (Crim.) (N.B.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Right to remain silent - Whether the judges of the majority of the Court of Appeal erred in determining that, in the absence of a police caution, a statement by a non-detained suspect to a police officer obtained without any evidence that there was official coercion or inducement and following the suspect being informed of his right to counsel pursuant to the Charter is inadmissible -  R. v. Hebert, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 151. 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23859            ADRIAN PRINSE, CAREY PRINSE and JACOB STOBBE v. FRASER VALLEY FOODS, a Division of Pillsbury Canada Ltd. (B.C.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Torts - Negligence - Contracts - Breach of contract - Extent of Respondent's responsibility for pest control - Whether the trial judge erred in finding a breach of contract was committed by the Respondent in failing to spray the Applicant farmers' fields for aphids in a timely manner -Whether the Court of Appeal erred in allowing the appeal on the claim in contract when the burden of proving that reasonable efforts were made to spray the Applicants' fields for aphids in a timely manner was on the Respondent and that it had not met that burden. 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      


23510/23517                     Y.R. BOTIUK v. TORONTO FREE PRESS PUBLICATIONS LTD. IHOR BARDYN,

23519                                    BOHDAN ONYSCHUK, BOHDAN ZAROWSKY, Q.C., YURIJ DANYLIW, Q.C., ROMAN MAKSYMIW, B.I. MAKSYMEC and MAKSYMEC & ASSOCIATES LIMITED (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The motion to extend the time for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs to Roman Maksymiw.

 

La requête en prorogation du délai imparti pour obtenir l'autorisation de pourvoi est rejetée avec dépens en faveur de Roman Maksymiw.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

APRIL 21, 1994 / LE 21 AVRIL 1994

 

23935            BOLESLAW STARZECKI v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Man.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Evidence - Similar fact evidence - Severance - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in denying severance - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in its appreciation of the crown attorney's conduct at trial - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in its finding that the trial judge had given adequate instructions to the jury.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23985            ARTHUR JOHN MACKINNON NAYLOR v. ROBERT NAYLOR, JOYCE SALVINO NAYLOR, RUTH SPEERS, JOAN HARVEY AND WILLIAM ERNEST MACLEAN NAYLOR (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs to respondents Joan Harvey and Ruth Speers.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens aux intimées Joan Harvey et Ruth Speers.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Constructive trusts - Unjust enrichment - Gifts mortis causa - Applicant living with and caring for sister - Sister indicating that she wanted Applicant to have a house when she died - Sister dying intestate - Whether interest in home was acquired by Applicant.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23921            JAMES DOUGAL CAMPBELL v. JULIJA CAMPBELL (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for extension of time is granted and the application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande de prorogation de délai est accordée et la demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 


NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Family law - Procedural law - Appeal - Divorce - Civil procedure - Evidence - Applicant making motion to extend the time within which to appeal to the Court of Appeal - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that the Applicant had not explained why he did not appeal to the Court of Appeal within the time prescribed by the Rules of Civil Procedure - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in not considering evidence secured by the Applicant.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23991            LISA COLLEEN NEVE v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN (Crim.)(Alta.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and Cory and Iacobucci JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Criminal law - Offences - Evidence - Statutes - Interpretation - Nature of the relationship between psychiatrist and patient and whether either a blanket prima facie, common law, class or a case-by-case privilege attaches to communications between them - Whether a different mens rea is required under s. 264.1(1)(a) than that required under the former s. 331  of the Criminal Code  - If there is no privilege, whether the trial judge erred in law in holding that the expectation of privilege was not relevant - Whether a counterfactual conditional statement constitutes a threat under s. 264.1(1) (a) of the Criminal Code .

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23771            COOPERS & LYBRAND OYDL INC., THE ADMINISTRATOR OF OLYMPIA & YORK DEVELOPMENTS LIMITED v. THE ROYAL TRUST COMPANY (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Commercial law - Property law - Trusts and trustees - Securities - Creditor - Olympia & York Exchange Tower issuing promissory notes to investors and defaulting on payment - Respondent bringing motion seeking advice and directions as to whether, by virtue of the principles of set-off, proceeds should be distributed on ly to noteholders other than OYDL  - Position of the Respondent under the trust deed and whether it had a legal position to assert a right of set-off against OYDL - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in overturning the finding of the trial judge that there was not a sufficiently close connection between the two competing obligations to enable set-off - Standard of review by an appellate court in applying the close connection test - Whether the decision of the trial judge was an exercise of a discretion not to be upset by an appellate court or the application of a legal principle completely open to review by the appellate court.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23699            J. PAUL FLETCHER and MICHAEL W. TESLUK v. THE CORPORATION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF SCUGOG and WILLIAM TRIPP (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

The application for extension of time is granted and the application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande de prorogation de délai est accordée et la demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 


NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Municipal law - Procedural law - Injunction - Evidence - Applicants purchasing office building and leasing property in Respondent Township to have building relocated - Applicants denied building permit on the ground that street on which building was relocated fronted on unopened portion of street not maintained by the municipality contrary to s. 5.7(a) of Zoning By-Law 75\80 - Supreme Court of Ontario granting injunctions for the vacating and removal of the relocated building - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to consider and find that once a street is designated as a public street, it remains a public street for use by all citizens, until such public street is so changed by lawful means - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that By-Law 75\80 was not ultra vires - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that planning and zoning matters are not valid and lawful reasons for a refusal to issue a building permit on the basis of "other applicable law" - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in changing the judgment of the trial judge in order to answer a question which did not arise on appeal - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in not considering the new evidence.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23798            NICK SCOTT, c.o.b. as DEVEREAUX LANDSCAPING v. JOHN MORROW (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Procedural law - Actions - Trial - Failure to attend trial - Trial judge allowing trial to proceed in absence of Defendants - Counterclaim dismissed.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23849            CAMILLE HUOT c. SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE (Crim.) (Ont)

 

CORAM:      Les juges La Forest, Sopinka et Major

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Droit criminel - Libertés publiques - Infractions - Preuve - Déclaration canadienne des droits et libertés - Preuve d'actes similaires - Crédibilité - Accusations d'attentats à la pudeur et de sodomie portées plus de 30 ans après les événements - La Cour d'appel de l'Ontario a t-elle erré en droit en décidant que l'article 148  du Code criminel  de 1953-54 n'est pas contraire à l'alinéa 1b) de la Déclaration canadienne? - La Cour d'appel de l'Ontario a t-elle erré en droit en décidant que le juge du procès n'a pas imposé un fardeau plus lourd au demandeur en lui imposant de présenter une preuve d'expert à l'encontre de la vraisemblance de l'acte reproché?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23912            715341 ONTARIO LTD. v. THE MINISTER OF NATIONAL REVENUE (F.C.A.) (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE


Labour law - Unemployment insurance - Statutes - Statutory instruments - Interpretation - Whether taxi drivers who lease their cars from the Applicant which is not a licensed taxi broker, but which has an arrangement with a licensed taxi broker, are in insurable employment within the meaning of s. 12(e) of the Unemployment Insurance Regulations - Whether the Federal Court of Appeal erred in law in interpreting s. 12(e) and in holding that the taxi drivers are deemed to be in insurable employment under the said provision - Whether the decision of the Federal Court of Appeal contradicts its previous judgment in Attorney General of Canada v. Skyline Cabs (1982) Ltd. [1986] 5 W.W.R. 16.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23853            CAROLE L. BARRONS v. ONTARIO AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION, HYUNDAI AUTO CANADA INC. ("HYUNDAI CANADA"), "ONTARIO HYUNDAI" (KEN SIMARD SALES INC. and ONTARIO HYUNDAI OPERATED BY SIMARD SALES INC. (Ont.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Civil rights - Civil procedure - Actions - Contracts - Costs - Is Charter offended when either the courts or the rules of court do not compensate for the fact that a layperson does not have the specialized knowledge of law and procedures that a lawyer has? - Should Applicant's claim have been judged on the basis of its validity as opposed to the Applicant's drafting skills?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23918            RÉAL ROY ET CLÉMENT ROY c. LA CORPORATION MUNICIPALE DE ST-JULES, CTÉ BEAUCE (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Procédure - Procédure civile - Appel - La Cour d'appel aurait-elle dû considérer la requête introductive d'instance des demandeurs aux fins de l'appel prévu à l'art. 44.2 de la Loi sur l'expropriation, L.R.Q. 1977, ch. E-24? - Critères applicables concernant la requête pour permission spéciale d'appeler prévue à l'art. 523 du Code de procédure civile, L.R.Q. 1977, ch. C-25 - "Impossibilité d'agir plus tôt" - En quoi les demandeurs n'ont pas réussi devant la Cour d'appel à établir les conditions prévues à l'art. 523? - Cité de Pont Viau c. Gauthier Mfg. Ltd., [1978] 2 R.C.S. 516.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

23967            MICHAELA VALENTOVA BARON c. TOMMY KARAS ET BANQUE CANADIENNE IMPÉRIALE DE COMMERCE, BANQUE DE MONTRÉAL, LE PROCUREUR GÉNÉRAL DU QUÉBEC. LE CURATEUR PUBLIC DU QUÉBEC, HERBERT CARTER ET LÉONARD M. WOLMAN (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel et la demande de sursis d'exécution sont rejetées avec dépens.

 

The application for leave to appeal and stay of execution are dismissed with costs.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 


Procédure - Procédure civile - Jugements et ordonnances - Testaments - Succession - Exécuteurs et administrateurs - Requête en rétractation - Requête pour cautionnement pour frais fondée sur l'article 497 C.p.c. - La Cour d'appel n'a pas exercé sa discrétion judicieusement en ordonnant qu'un cautionnement de 200 000,00$ soit fourni dans les 60 jours, puisque cet article précise que ce cautionnement est destiné à garantir le montant des frais et de la condamnation.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

23884            TVETANKA MOUTISHEVA ET ROUMEN GUEORGUI STEFANOV c. LE SOLLICITEUR DU CANADA (C.A.F.)(Qué.)

 

CORAM:      Les juges L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel et la requête en prorogation de délai sont rejetées sans dépens.

 

The application for leave to appeal and the application for extension of time are dismissed without costs.

 

 

NATURE DE LA CAUSE

 

Immigration - Procédure - Appel - Demande en vertu de la règle 1733 des Règles de la Cour fédérale afin de faire annuler le jugement qui a accueilli une requête pour rejet d'appel - La Cour d'appel fédérale a-t-elle erré en concluant que, compte tenu de l'économie des Règles, la règle 1308(2) et les principes de représentation par procureur, la requête pour rejet d'appel n'avait pas à être signifiée aux demandeurs personnellement? - La Cour d'appel fédérale a-t-elle erré en déclarant que le procureur inscrit au dossier d'une partie est son mandataire et agit en son nom même si cette interprétation menait à priver cette partie du droit à une audition de sa cause? - La Cour d'appel fédérale pouvait-elle décider de la demande d'annulation de jugement en se basant sur les observations écrites soumises par les parties, comme le permet la règle 324, malgré que les demandeurs aient requis une audition orale?

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23929            LES MODES COHOES INC., 147726 CANADA INC., 154226 CANADA INC. AND 134407 CANADA INC. v. PROCUREUR GÉNÉRAL DU QUÉBEC (Qué.)

 

CORAM:      L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal and for a stay of proceedings is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel et de sursis d'exécution est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 

Civil rights ‑ Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, R.S.Q., c. C-12 - Sunday observance ‑ Equality rights ‑ Statutes ‑ Interpretation ‑  Loi des heures d'affaires des établissements commerciales, R.S.Q., c. H-2, as modified by S.Q. 1984, c. 17 - Whether the Act infringes rights guaranted in Sections 6, 9.1 and 10 of the Quebec Charter - Whether or not the right to equality and protection from discrimination in the matter of economic interests or "what you do to earn" a living constitutes a right that is subject to protection under the Quebec Charter.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 


23866            JOSEPH PILON v. DR. A. BOUAZIZ, DR. MALCOLM C. CUMBERLIDGE (B.C.)

 

CORAM:      L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ.

 

The application for leave to appeal is dismissed with costs.

 

La demande d'autorisation d'appel est rejetée avec dépens.

 

 

NATURE OF THE CASE

 


Torts - Negligence - Did the majority of the Court of Appeal err in reversing the Court of Appeal on the issue of causation, which was not on appeal, without first providing the Applicant with an opportunity to be heard - Did the majority of the Court of Appeal ignore the clearly stipulated standard for appellate review established by this Court - Did the Court of Appeal err in failing to find evidence of negligence.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 



MOTIONS

 

REQUÊTES


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          17.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a notice of cross-appeal

 

Ihor Bardyn et al.

 

   v. (23517 / 519)

 

Y.R. Botiuk

 

   and between

 

B.I. Maksymec et al.

 

   v.

 

Y.R. Botiuk (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de l'avis de l'appel incident

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

18.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion for an order setting aside the Order dated May 27, 1992

 

Walter Francis Gillespie

 

   v. (22771)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

Requête en annulation de l'ordonnance en date du 27 mai 1992

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


DISMISSED / REJETÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


18.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  LE JUGE McLACHLIN

 


Requête en prorogation du délai imparti pour déposer un avis de pourvoi

 

Jean-Denis Gagnon

 

   c. (23597)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Qué.)

 

Motion to extend the time in which to file a notice of appeal

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


ACCORDÉE / GRANTED   Délai prorogé au 15 mars 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

18.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the response of the respondents

 

Saskatchewan Power Corporation

 

   v. (24026)

 

Pascall, Bighetty et al. (Man.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la réponse des intimés

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 14, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

23.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion for an order that this appeal not be deemed abandoned and for an order extending the time to file the case on appeal and appellants' factum and for an order inscribing this appeal

 

 

Michael David Bleasdale et al.

 

   v. (23729 / 730 / 732)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné; requête en prorogation du délai de production du dossier d'appel et du mémoire des appelants et requête en inscription de l'appel

 

Henry S. Brown, Q.C., for the appellants.

 

 

 

Robert Frater, for the respondent.

 

 

 


 

 

 


 

UPON APPLICATION by counsel for the Appellants for an order that the appeals herein not be deemed abandoned, for an order extending the time within which the Case on Appeal and Appellants' factum may be served and filed and for an order inscribing these appeals;  the motion by counsel for the Respondent for an order dismissing these appeals for want of prosecution having been withdrawn:

 

IT IS ORDERED THAT:

 

The motion to have the appeals deemed not abandoned is granted on condition that the following deadlines be met:

 

1.                     The Appellants shall serve and file the Case on Appeal and their factum on or before April 29, 1994;

 

2.                     The Respondent shall serve and file its factum on or before June 3, 1994; and

 

3.                     The hearing of theses appeals will take place on June 17, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

23.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  LE JUGE SOPINKA

 



Requête pour obtenir une ordonnance de paiement

 

L.G.

 

   c. (23629)

 

G.B. (Qué.)

 

Motion for an order for payment

 

 

Simon Lahaie, pour la requête.

 

 

 

George Artinian, contra.

 

 

 

LE JUGE SOPINKA -- L'appelante (requérante) sollicite, en vertu de l'art. 65.1 de la Loi sur la Cour suprême et de la règle 27, une ordonnance alimentaire provisoire en attendant l'issue du pourvoi.  L'autorisation de pourvoi a été accordée en l'espèce.  Il s'agit d'un pourvoi contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel du Québec [J.E. 93-880 (sub nom. Droit de la famille -- 1783)] qui a réduit les montants de pension alimentaire dont le versement a été ordonné par le juge James T. Kennedy de la Cour supérieure du Québec et que le juge Benoit de la Cour supérieure du Québec a refusé de modifier.  C'est l'ordonnance du juge Benoit qui a fait l'objet d'un appel devant la Cour d'appel.

 

SOPINKA J. -- The appellant (applicant) applies for an order under s. 65.1 of the Supreme Court Act and Rule 27 for an order in the nature of interim maintenance pending appeal.  Leave to appeal herein has been granted.  The appeal is from the judgment of the Court of Appeal of Quebec [J.E. 93-880 (sub nom. Droit de la famille -- 1783)] which reduced support payments that were ordered by James T. Kennedy J. of the Quebec Superior Court and which Benoit J. of the Quebec Superior Court refused to vary.  It is the order of Benoit J. which was appealed to the Court of Appeal.

 

 

 

La requête devait être présentée devant moi en tant que juge de service, mais, au moment de la présenter, l'avocat de l'intimé a mis en doute la compétence d'un juge pour connaître de cette requête qui, selon lui, devrait être soumise à la Cour.

 

The application was made returnable before me as Rota Judge, but on return of the motion, counsel for the respondent questioned the jurisdiction of a judge to deal with this application which he submitted should be dealt with by the Court.

 

 

 

J'ai ajourné la requête pour permettre à l'intimé d'effectuer un contre-interrogatoire sur un affidavit déposé par la requérante et j'ai invité les parties à produire des observations écrites sur la question de la compétence.  Après avoir examiné les observations écrites et entendu l'argumentation orale sur cette question, j'ai conclu que j'avais compétence pour connaître de l'affaire.

 

I adjourned the application to permit the respondent to cross-examine on an affidavit filed by the applicant and invited written submissions on jurisdiction.  After I had the benefit of written submissions and oral argument on the issue, I concluded that I have jurisdiction to deal with the matter.

 

 

 

La requête est fondée sur l'art. 65.1 et sur la règle 27.  L'article 65.1 de la Loi sur la Cour suprême a été adopté pour permettre à un juge seul d'exercer la compétence qui était auparavant exercée par la Cour relativement aux sursis d'exécution de jugement.  Cela englobe les pouvoirs prévus à la règle 27.  En conséquence, si l'ordonnance sollicitée peut être rendue en vertu de l'art. 65.1 ou de la règle 27, un juge de la Cour a compétence pour la rendre.

 

The foundation of the application is s. 65.1 and Rule 27.  Section 65.1 of the Supreme Court Act was enacted in order to enable a single judge to exercise the jurisdiction which previously was exercised by the Court with respect to stays of proceedings.  This includes the powers in Rule 27.  Accordingly, if jurisdiction exists to make the order requested under either s. 65.1 or Rule 27, a judge of the Court has the jurisdiction to make it.

 

 

 


En ce qui concerne le bien-fondé de la requête, la requérante sollicite une ordonnance alimentaire pour le même motif que celui énoncé dans le jugement du juge Benoit que la Cour d'appel a modifié en réduisant la pension payable à la requérante et en annulant celle payable pour leur fils F.  À l'époque pertinente, ce dernier n'habitait plus avec sa mère mais demeurait chez son père.

 

 

 

 

 

With respect to the merits of the application, the applicant is requesting an order for maintenance on the same basis as provided in the judgment of Benoit J. which was varied by the Court of Appeal reducing the payments in favour of the applicant and eliminating the payment in favour of their son F.  The latter had ceased to live with his mother and was living with his father at the relevant time.                      Un pourvoi devant notre Cour n'entraîne pas le sursis d'exécution du jugement qui en fait l'objet.  Bien qu'il y ait sursis d'exécution du jugement par un tiers dans les circonstances précisées à l'art. 65 (voir l'arrêt Keable c. Procureur général du Canada, [1978] 2 R.C.S. 135), la partie qui veut obtenir, dans d'autres circonstances, la suspension de l'exécution du jugement porté en appel doit recourir à l'art. 65.1 et à la règle 27.  C'est ce qu'a fait la requérante.

 

An appeal to this Court does not result in a suspension of the judgment appealed from.  Although execution of the judgment by a third party is stayed in the circumstances specified in s. 65 (see Keable v. Attorney General of Canada, [1978] 2 S.C.R. 135), a party seeking to suspend the operation of the judgment on appeal in other circumstances must resort to s. 65.1 and Rule 27.  This the applicant has done.

 

 

 

La requérante sollicite en effet une ordonnance alimentaire en attendant l'issue du pourvoi, qui soit équivalente à celle qui avait été rendue au procès et que le juge Benoit a refusé de modifier.

 

The applicant is in effect asking for an order for maintenance pending appeal which is equivalent to the maintenance which was ordered at trial and which Benoit J. refused to vary. 

 

 

 

Bien qu'une ordonnance alimentaire avant le pourvoi puisse être rendue en vertu de l'art. 65.1 et de la règle 27, ce n'est que dans des circonstances exceptionnelles qu'elle le sera.  S'il est courant que des ordonnances alimentaires provisoires soient rendues en attendant l'issue d'un procès, leur nécessité dans le cas d'un appel est moins évidente.  Lorsqu'un tribunal de première instance a déjà évalué l'affaire, y compris les besoins de la partie qui réclame une pension, il est moins justifié pour la cour d'appel d'intervenir avant qu'une décision n'ait été rendue sur l'appel.  À plus forte raison, lorsque deux cours de justice, l'une de première instance, l'autre d'appel, ont examiné l'affaire, il faudrait un changement de circonstances très important pour que notre Cour accorde une ordonnance alimentaire provisoire en attendant l'issue du pourvoi.  Aucun changement de ce genre n'a été invoqué en l'espèce et j'estime qu'il n'y en a pas eu.  En conséquence, il n'y a pas lieu en l'espèce de rendre une ordonnance alimentaire provisoire en attendant l'issue du pourvoi.  La requête est donc rejetée avec dépens.

 

While an order for maintenance preceding appeal may be possible under s. 65.1 and Rule 27, it would be made in exceptional circumstances.  Although orders for interim maintenance are commonplace pending trial, their necessity pending appeal is less obvious.  After a court of first instance has already assessed the case, including the needs of the party claiming maintenance, there is less reason  for the intervention of the appellate court before the appeal has been disposed of.  A fortiori, when two courts, a court of first instance and a court of appeal, have passed upon the matter, it would require a very substantial change of circumstances before this Court would grant an order for interim maintenance pending appeal.  No substantial change of circumstances was relied on here and I find none.  Consequently, no order for interim maintenance pending appeal should be made here.  The application is, therefore, dismissed with costs.

 

 

 


 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the appellants' factum and motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

D.S.H. and J.D.N.

 

   v. (23689)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production du mémoire des appelants et requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉES

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 


Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Brian Gordon Jack

 

   v. (23731)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Man.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  on condition that the appeal proceed next term.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 


Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Earl Hugh Giesbrecht

 

   v. (23586)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Man.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  on condition that the appeal proceed next term.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 


Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Darryl R.

 

   v. (23685)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Man.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 


Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the application for leave

 

Pacific Press Ltd.

 

   v. (24000)

 

Louise Pierre

 

   and between

 

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

 

   v.

 

Louise Pierre (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la demande d'autorisation

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file an application for leave

 

Her Majesty The Queen

 

   v. (24022)

 

E.T. (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la demande d'autorisation

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 


Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a notice of intention to intervene

 

BY/PAR:       Attorney General of Manitoba

 

IN/DANS:    Stanley Gordon Johnson

 

v. (23593)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (N.S.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la demande d'autorisation d'intervention

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 15, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion for leave to intervene

 

BY/PAR:       Attorney General of British Columbia

 

IN/DANS:    The Honourable Justice K. Peter Richard et al.

 

v. (23621)

 

Gerald J. Phillips et al. (N.S.)

 

Requête en autorisation d'intervention

 

W.G. Burke-Robertson, Q.C., for the motion.

 

Katherine McLean, for the respondents' Phillips et al.

 

David Migicovsky, (consents) for the appellants.

 

Consent filed by the Attorney General of Nova Scotia.

 

Consent filed by Westray Families Group.

 

Town of Stellarton not opposing.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT:

 

1.                     The application for an extension of time is granted.

 

2.                     The application for leave to intervene is granted.  The Attorney General for British Columbia may file a factum, not exceeding twenty pages, on or before May 13, 1994.  Further, the Attorney General for British Columbia may, at the hearing of the appeal, present oral argument limited to twenty minutes.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

25.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion for leave to intervene

 

BY/PAR:       Attorney General of Canada

 

IN/DANS:    Her Majesty The Queen

 

v. (23747)

 

Josh Randall Borden (N.S.)

 

Requête en autorisation d'intervention

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

25.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the notice of appeal

 

Larry Melvin Herman

 

   v. (24040)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de l'avis d'appel

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 4, 1994 nunc pro tunc.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

25.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a response by March 16, 1994 and a reply by April 13, 1994

 

Mainland Sand & Gravel Ltd.

 

   v. (24003)

 

Zoltan Tutinka (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production d'une réponse avant le 16 mars 1994 et d'une réplique avant le 13 avril 1994

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

28.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:   McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion to permit filing of an appellant reply factum

 

Her Majesty The Queen

 

   v. (23217)

 

Johnson et al. (Ont.)

 

Requête en autorisation de production par l'appelante d'un mémoire en réplique

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

28.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  LE JUGE McLACHLIN

 



Requête en prorogation du délai de production de la demande d'autorisation d'intervention et requête en autorisation d'intervention

 

BY/PAR:       Procureur général du Québec

 

IN/DANS:    Sa Majesté La Reine et al.

 

c. (23361)

 

Reza (Ont.)

 

Motion to extend the time for leave to intervene and for leave to intervene

 

 

 

 

 


ACCORDÉES / GRANTED

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

28.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the response

 

Saskatchewan Power Corporation

 

   v. (24026)

 

Pascall Bighetty et al. (Man.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production d'une réponse

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 14, 1994

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

28.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  LE REGISTRAIRE

 



Requête en prorogation de production du mémoire des appelants en réponse à l'appel incident

 

Le procureur général du Québec et al.

 

   c. (23345)

 

Téléphone Guevremont Inc. (Qué.)

 

Motion to extend the time in which to file the appellants' factum in response to the cross-appeal

 

 

 

 


ACCORDÉE / GRANTED  Délai prorogé au 18 mars 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

30.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a reply to the response

 

Milk Board

 

   v. (23927)

 

Ronald Grisnich et al. (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la réplique à la réponse

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 25, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

30.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the case on appeal

 

Matsqui Indian Band et al.

 

   v. (23643)

 

Canadian Pacific Ltd. et al. (F.C.A.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production du dossier d'appel

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 3, 1994 nunc pro tunc.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

24.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion for an order that:  1) counsel be assigned to act on behalf of the appellant in the preparation of an application for leave and; 2) were leave is granted, that counsel be assigned to act on behalf of the appellant pursuant to s. 694.1(1) and (2) respectively of the Criminal Code 

 

Neil Van Boeyen

 

   v. (23805)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

Requête visant à obtenir une ordonnance enjoignant (1) de nommer un avocat chargé de représenter l'appelant lors de la préparation d'une demande d'autorisation, et (2), dans le cas où l'autorisation serait accordée, de nommer un avocat chargé d'agir pour le compte de l'appelant conformément aux par. 694.1(1)  et (2)  du Code criminel  respectivement

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉES

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

31.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file an application for leave

 

Tracy Lee Thornbury-Cook

 

   v. (24052)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la demande d'autorisation

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 24, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

31.3.1994

 

Before / Devant:  McLACHLIN J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the intervener's factum

 

Her Majesty The Queen

 

   v. (23385)

 

Melvin Lorne Mason (N.S.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production du mémoire d'un intervenant

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 24, 1994.

 

5.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a response

 

Harry Noppers

 

   v. (24019)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la réponse

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 30, 1994 nunc pro tunc.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

5.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the case on appeal

 

Roger Jan Richer

 

   v. (23812)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production du dossier d'appel

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 22, 1994 nunc pro tunc.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

6.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Her Majesty The Queen

 

   v. (23712)

 

Paul Wayne Moyer (Ont.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  on condition that the parties be ready to proceed during the spring term.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

6.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the respondent's response

 

Lisa Colleen Neve

 

   v. (23991)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la réponse de l'intimée

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to March 30, 1994 nunc pro tunc.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

7.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  IACOBUCCI J.

 



Motion for leave to intervene

 

BY/PAR:       Equality for Gays and Lesbian Everywhere / Égalité pour les gais et les lesbiennes;

The Metropolitan Community Church of Toronto

 

IN/DANS:    James Egan et al.

 

v. (23636)

 

Her Majesty The Queen in right of Canada (F.C.A.)

 

Requête en autorisation d'intervention

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


7.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 


Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Verlie Ann Halcrow

 

   v. (23542)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  on condition that the appeal be prosecuted in the fall term.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

7.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 


Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Donald Anton Zazulak

 

   v. (23713)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

7.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 


Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Doug Stevenson

 

   v. (23478)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


7.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 


Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Her Majesty The Queen

 

   v. (23608)

 

Mathew Oommen (Alta.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

 

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

7.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production le mémoire d'un intervenant

 

Le procureur général du Québec

 

    c. (23345)

 

Téléphone Guèvremont Inc. (Qué.)

 

Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file an intervener's factum

 

Avec le consentement des parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Délai prorogé au 6 avril 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

7.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the case on appeal

 

Her Majesty The Queen

 

   v. (23747)

 

Josh Randall Borden (N.S.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production du dossier d'appel

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE   Time extended to March 17, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

7.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the response of an intervener

 

Saskatchewan Power Corporation

 

   v. (24026)

 

Pascall Bighetty et al. (Man.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la réponse d'un intervenant

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 8, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

8.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  SOPINKA J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file an application for leave

 

Barry Charles Costin

 

   v. (24062)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la demande d'autorisation

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE   Time extended to April 5, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

11.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a response

 

Scottish & York Insurance Co. Ltd. et al.

 

   v. (23841)

 

Co-Operators General Insurance Co. et al. (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production d'une réponse

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

12.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  IACOBUCCI J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file an application for leave

 

The Attorney General of Ontario

 

   v. (24069)

 

D.E. Franks et al. (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la demande d'autorisation

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 29, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

12.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  IACOBUCCI J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a notice of appeal

 

James Preston Piluke

 

   v. (24070)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de l'avis d'appel

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 8, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

12.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion for an order allowing the pages of the  argument to be printed on the right side

 

Bobsie Hanson

 

   v. (24037)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête en autorisation d'imprimer du côté droit les pages d'un mémoire

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

12.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the appellants' factum

 

John Egan et al.

 

   v. (23636)

 

Her Majesty The Queen in right of Canada (F.C.A.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production du mémoire des appelants

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to May 17, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

13.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  IACOBUCCI J.

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a notice of intervention

 

BY/PAR:       Attorney General of B.C.

 

IN/DANS:    Her Majesty The Queen

 

v. (23479)

 

Brent Blair Brown (Man.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de l'avis d'intervention

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 15, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

13.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a response

 

Graham Gordon Dick

 

   v. (24059)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Alta.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production d'une réponse

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to May 2, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

13.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a response

 

Midland Seafoods Inc.

 

   v. (24045)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production d'une réponse

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 13, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

14.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion for an order that this appeal is to be deemed not abandoned

 

Lorne François

 

   v. (23677)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête en déclaration que le présent appel est censé ne pas avoir été abandonné

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

14.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion to state a constitutional question and motion to strike out passages from the appellants' factum and to extend the time in which to file the respondent's factum

 

 

The Tseshaht, an Indian Band et al.

 

   v. (23234)

 

Her Majesty The Queen in her right of the province of British Columbia (B.C.)

 

Requête pour énoncer une question constitutionnelle et requête en radiation de passages du mémoire des appellants et en prorogation du délai de production du mémoire de l'intimée

 

Henry S. Brown, Q.C., for the appellants.

 

 

 

W.G. Burke-Robertson, Q.C., for the respondent.

 

 

 


BOTH MOTIONS ARE REFERRED TO THE FULL COURT ON MAY 2, 1994.

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

14.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the respondent's response

 

Darryl R.

 

   v. (23685)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la réponse de l'intimée

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 13, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

14.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a response

 

The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, District Lodge 692

 

   v. (24039)

 

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America et al. (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production d'une réponse

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 23, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

14.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  LE JUGE CORY

 



Requête en prorogation du délai de production de la demande d'autorisation

 

Mohamed Ou Hammou

 

   c. (23990)

 

Ministère de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration (C.A.F.)

 

Motion to extend the time in which to file the application for leave

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE 

 

La requête en prorogation du délai de dépôt de la demande d'autorisation d'appel est accueillie aux conditions suivantes:

 

1.                     La demande d'autorisation d'appel doit être déposée et signifiée au plus tard le 18 avril 1994;

 

2.                     La demande d'autorisation d'appel doit être conforme à l'article 23 des Règles de la Cour suprême du Canada.

 

À défaut de respecter l'une ou l'autre des conditions, la demande de prorogation de délai est rejetée.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

15.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file a response

 

International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, District Lodge No. 692

 

   v. (24039)

 

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America Local 2736 (B.C.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de productioin d'une réponse

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 23, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


18.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 


Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the appellants' factum

 

Siska Indian Band et al.

 

   v. (23643)

 

Canadian Pacific Ltd. (F.C.A.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production du mémoire des appelants

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 18, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


18.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 


Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the case on appeal

 

Gail Roberta St. Pierre

 

   v. (23518)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production du dossier d'appel

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE  Time extended to April 14, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

18.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE REGISTRAR

 



Motion to extend the time in which to serve and file the respondent's response

 

Evelyn Ann Anderson

 

   v. (24066)

 

Arne Gunnar Anderson (Man.)

 

Requête en prorogation du délai de signification et de production de la réponse de l'intimé

 

With the consent of the parties.

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE   Time extended to May 13, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

18.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  THE CHIEF JUSTICE LAMER

 



Motion to adjourn the hearing of the appeal

 

Darryl R.

 

   v. (23685)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

Requête pour ajourner l'audition de l'appel

 

The respondent opposing.

 

 

 


 

 

 


THE MOTION IS REFERRED TO THE PANEL HEARING THE APPEAL ON APRIL 27, 1994.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


19.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  IACOBUCCI J.

 


Motion for leave to intervene

 

BY/PAR:       A.G. of Québec

A.G. of Saskatchewan

A.G. of Ontario

 

IN/DANS:    United Steelworkers of America et al.

 

v. (23621)

 

Gerald Philips et al. (N.S.)

 

Requête en autorisation d'intervention

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 


GRANTED / ACCORDÉE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 


19.4.1994

 

Before / Devant:  GONTHIER J.

 


Other motion

 

L.D.

 

   c. (24033)

 

G.R. (Qué.)

 

Autre requête

 

 

 

 

DISMISSED / REJETÉE

 

Les circonstances alléguées dans la requête pour ordonnance intérimaire de non diffusion ne font pas voir que l'ordonnance recherchée relève de la compétence de cette Cour.  La requête est donc rejetée.

 

 

 

The circumstances alleged in the motion for an interim order of non-publication do not show that the order sought is within this Court's jurisdiction.  The motion is therefore dismissed.

 

 

 


 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



NOTICES OF APPEAL FILED SINCE LAST ISSUE

 

AVIS D'APPEL PRODUITS DEPUIS LA DERNIÈRE PARUTION


                                                                                                                                               


10.3.1994

 

Mayfield Investments Ltd. operating as the Mayfield Inn and Stuart David Pettie

 

v. (23739)

 

Gillian Stewart and Keith Stewart (Alta.)

 

                                                                                                               

 

23.3.1994

 

Sa Majesté La Reine

 

c. (24038)

 

Daniel Voisine (Crim.)(N.-B.)

 

DE PLEIN DROIT

 

                                                                                                               

 

21.3.1994

 

Larry Melvin Herman

 

v. (24040)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

AS OF RIGHT

 

                                                                                                               

 

29.3.1994

 

Franck Côté et al.

 

c. (23707)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Qué.)

 

                                                                                                               

 

8.4.1994

 

Dow Corning Corporation

 

v. (23776)

 

Susan Hollis and John Robert Birch (B.C.)

 

8.4.1994

 

Delgamuukw, also know as Earl Muldoe

 

v. (23799)

 

Her Majesty The Queen in right of the province of British Columbia et al. (B.C.)

 

                                                                                                               

 

8.4.1994

NTC Smokehouse Ltd.

 

v. (23800)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

                                                                                                             

 

8.4.1994

 

Donald and William Gladstone

 

v. (23801)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

                                                                                                             

 

8.4.1994

 

Allan Jacob Lewis et al.

 

v. (23802)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

                                                                                                             

 

8.4.1994

 

Dorothy Marie Van Der Peet

 

v. (23803)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

                                                                                                             

 

8.4.1994

 

Jerry Benjamin Nikal

 

v. (23804)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

                                                                                                             

 

7.4.1994

 

Mark Donald Benner

 

v. (23811)

 

The Secretary of State of Canada et al. (F.C.A.)(B.C.)

 

                                                                                                             

 

8.4.1994

 

Percival Whitley

 

v. (23890)

 


Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

                                                                                                               

 

8.4.1994

 

Timothy Erin Mowers

 

v. (23891)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Ont.)

 

                                                                                                               

 

8.4.1994

 

James Preston Piluke

 

v. (24070)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

AS OF RIGHT

 

                                                                                                               

 

8.4.1994

 

Joseph Burke

 

v. (24071)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Nfld.)

 

AS OF RIGHT

 

                                                                                                               

 

5.4.1994

 

Jocelyne Levasseur

 

c. (24072)

 

Sa Majesté La Reine (Qué.)

 

DE PLEIN DROIT

 

                                                                                                               

 

 


 


NOTICES  OF  INTERVENTION FILED SINCE LAST ISSUE

 

AVIS D'INTERVENTION PRODUITS DEPUIS LA DERNIÈRE PARUTION


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 

BY/PAR:       Attorney General of Canada

 

IN/DANS:    David Allan Chaplin et al.

 

v. (23865)

 

Her Majesty the Queen (Crim.)(Alta.)

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


 

BY/PAR:       Attorney General of Ontario

Procureur général du Québec

Attorney General of Canada

Attorney General of British Columbia

 

IN/DANS:    Her Majesty The Queen

 

v. (23479)

 

Brent Blair Brown (Crim.)(Man.)

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 




NOTICES OF DISCONTINUANCE FILED SINCE LAST ISSUE

 

 


                                                                                                                                              


22.3.1994

 

Leonard Charles Watson

 

     v. (23875)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.)

 

(appeal)

 

                                                                                                               

 

30.3.1994

 

Les Laboratoires Nordic Inc.

 

c. (23977)

 

Rock Gagnon et al. (Qué.)

 

(requête)

 

                                                                                                               

 

7.4.1994

 

EBCO Industries Ltd.

 

v. (23963)

 

ICAM Technologies Corp. et al. (B.C.)

 

(motion)

 

                                                                                                               

 

14.4.1994

 

Michael Dean Bleasdale

 

v. (23729)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

(appeal)

 

                                                                                                               

 

13.4.1994

 

Michael David Barzal

 

v. (23730)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

(appeal)

 

                                                                                                             

 

12.4.1994

 

Roy Edward Rhymer

 

v. (23732)

 

Her Majesty The Queen (B.C.)

 

(appeal)

 

                                                                                                             

 

 




APPEALS HEARD SINCE LAST ISSUE AND DISPOSITION

 

APPELS ENTENDUS DEPUIS LA DERNIÈRE PARUTION ET RÉSULTAT


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

17.3.1994

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice Lamer and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 



Richard B., et al

 

  v. (23298)

 

Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto, et al (Ont.)

 

John M. Burns, W. Glen How, Q.C., David C. Day, Q.C., for the appellant/respondent.

 

Janet E. Minor, Robert E. Charney, for the respondent/appellant Attorney General for Ontario.

 

Alexander Duncan, for the respondent Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto.

 

Debra Paulseth, for the respondent Official Guardian of Ontario.

 

Isabelle Harnois, pour l'intervenant Procureur général du Québec.

 

Roslyn J. Levine, Q.C., for the intervener Attorney General of Canada.

 

 

 

THE CHIEF JUSTICE (orally) -- We are all of the view that the appeal fails and it is accordingly dismissed with reasons to follow.  The Constitutional Questions 1 and 2 are answered as follows:

 

LE JUGE EN CHEF (oralement) -- Nous sommes tous d'avis que le pourvoi échoue et il est donc rejeté avec motifs à suivre.  Les deux premières questions constitutionnelles reçoivent les réponses suivantes:

 

 

 

Question 1:  Does the Child Welfare Act, R.S.O. 1980, c. 66, s. 19(1)(b)(ix), together with the powers in ss. 30(1)2 and 41 and the procedures in ss. 21, 27, 28(1), (10) and (12), deny parents a right to choose medical treatment for their infants, contrary to s. 7  of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ?

 

Question 1:  La Child Welfare Act, R.S.O. 1980, ch. 66, sous-al. 19(1)b)(ix), ainsi que les pouvoirs conférés au par. 30(1)2 et à l'art. 41, et les procédures énoncées aux art. 21 et 27 et aux par. 28(1), (10) et (12), privent-ils les parents du droit de choisir un traitement médical pour leurs enfants en bas âge, contrairement à l'art. 7  de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés ?

 

 

 

Answer:        No.

 

Réponse:      Non.

 

 

 

Question 2:  If the answer to question 1 is in the affirmative, are s. 19(1)(b)(ix), together with the powers in ss. 30(1)2 and 41 and the procedures in ss. 21, 27, 28(1), (10) and (12) of the Child Welfare Act, R.S.O. 1980, c. 66, justified as reasonable limits by s. 1  of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  and therefore not inconsistent with the Constitution Act, 1982 ?

 

Question 2:  Si la réponse à la première question est affirmative, le sous-al. 19(1)b)(ix), ainsi que les pouvoirs conférés au par. 30(1)2 et à l'art. 41, et les procédures énoncées aux art. 21 et 27 et aux par. 28(1), (10) et (12) de la Child Welfare Act, R.S.O. 1980, ch. 66, sont-ils justifiés en tant que limites raisonnables par l'article premier de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés , et donc compatibles avec la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 ?

 

 

 

Answer:        This question does not arise.

 

Réponse:      La question ne se pose pas.

 

 

 


We reserve our decision, reasons to follow, as regards whether it is under question 3 or question 4 that the legislation is constitutionally valid.

 

 

 

We reserve our decision on the cross-appeal.

 

Nous mettons notre décision en délibéré, avec motifs à suivre, pour ce qui est de savoir si c'est relativement à la troisième ou à la quatrième question que la mesure législative est constitutionnelle.

 

 

 

 

Nous mettons notre décision en délibéré en ce qui concerne le pourvoi incident.

 

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

18.3.1994

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice Lamer and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory and McLachlin JJ.

 



Dunphy Leasing Enterprises Ltd. et al.

 

   v. (22819)

 

The Bank of Nova Scotia (Alta.)

 

Bradley J. Willis and Peter Knaak, Q.C., for the appellants.

 

Margaret Cowtan, for the intervener Borrowers' Action Society.

 

W. Ian C. Binnie, Q.C. and Valerie Prather, for the respondent.

 

Roderick A. McLennan, Q.C. and Michelle G. Crighton, for the intervener the Canadian Bankers' Association.

 

Gerald A. Verville, Q.C. and Jeffrey H. Mayan, for the interveners T. Eaton Co.

 

Kenneth C. Cancellara, Q.C. and S. John Page, for Canadian Tire Acceptance Ltd.

 

 

 


 

 

 


THE CHIEF JUSTICE (orally) -- Mr. Willis, you gave the very difficult case you had the best possible day in Court a barrister can.  Unfortunately we cannot accede to your arguments.

 

LE JUGE EN CHEF (oralement) -- Me Willis, vous avez plaidé de votre mieux l'affaire très difficile qui vous avait été confiée.  Malheureusement, nous ne pouvons retenir vos arguments.

 

 

 

Essentially this case rests upon the interpretation of a contract and the statutory interpretation of s. 4 of the Interest Act.  Both matters were carefully considered by the Court of Appeal and we feel that we cannot usefully add to the reasons below, with which we are in substantial agreement.

 

Cette affaire repose essentiellement sur l'interprétation d'un contrat et sur celle de l'art. 4 de la Loi sur l'intérêt.  La Cour d'appel a examiné soigneusement ces deux questions et nous estimons qu'il nous est impossible d'ajouter quoi que ce soit d'utile à ses motifs auxquels nous souscrivons pour l'essentiel.

 

 

 

The appeal is accordingly dismissed with costs in this Court only.

 

Le pourvoi est donc rejeté avec dépens en notre Cour seulement.

 

 

 


 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



PRONOUNCEMENTS OF APPEALS    RESERVED 

 

Reasons for judgment are available

 

JUGEMENTS RENDUS SUR LES APPELS EN DÉLIBÉRÉ

 

Les motifs de jugement sont disponibles


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

MARCH 24, 1994 / LE 24 MARS 1994

 

23023/23097                                             HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. IMRE FINTA - and - CANADIAN HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE ASSOCIATION, LEAGUE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS OF B'NAI BRITH CANADA, CANADIAN JEWISH CONGRESS AND INTERAMICUS (Crim.) (Ont.) 

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin and Major JJ.

 

The appeal is dismissed, La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé and McLachlin JJ. dissenting.  The cross-appeal is dismissed.  The challenged provisions of the Criminal Code  do not violate the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms .

 

Le pourvoi est rejeté, les juges La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé et McLachlin sont dissidents.  Le pourvoi incident est rejeté.  Les dispositions contestées du Code criminel  n'enfreignent pas la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés .

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

APRIL 14, 1994 / LE 14 AVRIL 1994

 

23088            HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. M.B.P. (Crim.)(Ont.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.                                                                            

 

The appeal is dismissed, La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting.

 

Le pourvoi est rejeté. Les juges La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin sont dissidents.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23109            KARL THOMAS GALASKE, an infant suing by his Guardian ad Litem ELIZABETH MOSER v. ERICH STAUFFER, FLORENCE HORVATH, COLUMCILLE O'DONNELL and BOURGOIN CONTRACTING LTD. - and between - KARL THOMAS GALASKE, an infant suing by his Guardian ad Litem ELIZABETH MOSER v. ERICH STAUFFER, FLORENCE HORVATH, COLUMCILLE O'DONNELL, BOURGOIN CONTRACTING LTD., and MALA GALASKE as Representative ad Litem of the Estate of PETER HELMUT GALASKE, Deceased (B.C.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin and Major JJ.

 

The appeal is allowed, Sopinka and Major JJ. dissenting.  The question of the degree of contributing negligence of Stauffer should be remitted to the trial judge for determination at the same time as the determination is made as to whether there was any negligence on the part of the infant Karl Thomas Galaske or the late Peter Helmut Galaske or both.  The appellant should have his costs in this Court and throughout.

 

Le pourvoi est accueilli.  Les juges Sopinka et Major sont dissidents.  La question de la proportion de négligence contributive de Stauffer doit être soumise au juge de première instance pour qu'il la tranche en même temps que la question de savoir s'il y a eu négligence de la part du mineur Karl Thomas Galaske ou de feu Peter Helmut Galaske ou des deux.  L'appelant a droit à ses dépens devant toutes les cours.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

23566            HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. EUGENE PAUL POWER (Crim.)(Nfld.)

 

CORAM:      La Forest, L’Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin and Major JJ.

 

The appeal is allowed, the judgment of the Court of Appeal is reversed and a new trial is ordered, Sopinka, Cory and Major JJ. dissenting.

 

Le pourvoi est accueilli, le jugement de la Cour d'appel est infirmé et un nouveau procès est ordonné.  Les juges Sopinka, Cory et Major sont dissidents.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

 


23115            HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. ROBERT HOWARD BURNS (Crim.)(B.C.)

 

CORAM:      The Chief Justice and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.                                                                            

 

The appeal is allowed and the convictions restored.

 

Le pourvoi est accueilli et les déclarations de culpabilité sont rétablies.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                      



HEADNOTES OF RECENT

JUDGMENTS

 

SOMMAIRES DE JUGEMENTS

RÉCENTS


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Her Majesty the Queen v. Imre Finta (Crim.)(Ont.)(23023/23097)

Indexed as:  R. v. Finta / Répertorié:  R. c. Finta

Judgment rendered March 24, 1994 (English version of reasons only)/ Jugement rendu le 24 mars 1994 (version anglaise des motifs seulement)

                                                                                                                                               Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, and Major JJ.

 

Criminal law -- War crimes and crimes against humanity -- Nature and proof of offences -- Allegations arising from detention, robbery and deportation to concentration camps of Jewish persons in Nazi-controlled World War II Europe -- Defence of police officer following lawful orders -- Trial judge calling own evidence -- Whether war crimes and crimes against humanity separate crimes from included criminal code offences or whether Code provisions jurisdictional allowing Canadian courts to exercise jurisdiction in situations of war crimes or crimes against humanity over criminal activity occurring abroad -- Whether or not necessary for the jury to decide, beyond a reasonable doubt not only guilt under applicable Criminal Code  charges but also whether acts war crimes and/or crimes against humanity -- Whether requisite mens rea for each offence requiring the Crown to prove intent to commit criminal offence and knowledge of factual characteristics of war crimes and/or crimes against humanity -- Whether or not "peace officer defence" available and nature of that defence -- Whether or not trial judge's instructions to the jury adequately overcoming prejudice caused by defence counsel's inflammatory and improper jury address -- Whether police statement and deposition of deceased person admissible even though within recognized exception to the hearsay rule -- Whether trial judge properly calling own evidence -- Whether trial judge's instructions to the jury relating to the Crown's identification evidence appropriate -- Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46, ss. 6(2) , 7(3.71) (a)(i), (ii), (iii), (b), (3.72), (3.74), (3.76), 25(1), (2), (3), (4), 15, 736.

 

Constitutional law -- Charter of Rights  -- War crimes and crimes against humanity -- Nature and proof of offences -- Allegations arising from detention, robbery and deportation to concentration camps of Jewish persons in Nazi-controlled World War II Europe -- Defence of police officer following lawful orders -- Whether or not infringement of principles of fundamental justice (s. 7), the right to be informed without unreasonable delay of the specific offence (s. 11(a)), the right to trial within a reasonable time (s. 11(b)), the right to be presumed innocent (11(d)), the requirement that an act or omission constitute an offence (11(g)), the prohibition against cruel and usual punishment (s. 12) or the equality guarantees (s. 15) -- If so, whether infringement justified under s. 1 -- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, ss. 1 , 7 , 11(a) , (b), (d), (g), 12 , 15 .

 

Respondent, a legally trained captain in the Royal Hungarian Gendarmerie, was commander of an investigative unit at Szeged when 8,617 Jewish persons were detained in a brickyard, forcibly stripped of their valuables and deported under dreadful conditions to concentration camps as part of the Nazi regime's "final solution".  The only authority for implementing this barbarous policy in Hungary was the Baky Order, a decree of the Hungarian Ministry of the Interior directed to a number of officials including the commanding officers of the gendarme (investigative) subdivisions.  This order placed responsibility for executing the plan on the Gendarmerie and certain local police forces.

 

Respondent was charged under the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1927, with unlawful confinement, robbery, kidnapping and manslaughter of the victims of Szeged.  There were in effect four pairs of alternate counts ‑‑ one series as crimes against humanity and the other as war crimes.  After the war a Hungarian court tried respondent in absentia and convicted him of "crimes against the people".  His punishment in that country became statute‑barred and he later benefitted from a general amnesty.  The Hungarian trial and conviction were found to be nullities under Canadian law and the amnesty was found not to be a pardon.  The pleas of autrefois convict or pardon were therefore not available.  Expert opinion at trial was that the Baky Order was manifestly illegal and that a person trained in Hungarian law would have known so.

 

The Crown's case depended in large measure on the testimony of 19 witnesses who had been interned at Szeged and deported to the concentration camps.  The evidence of these survivors fell into four general groups.  Six witnesses who knew respondent before the events in issue testified as to things said and done by him at the brickyard and at the train station.  A second group consisting of three witnesses who did not know respondent beforehand identified him as having said or done certain things at the brickyard and at the station.  A third group consisting of three witnesses who did not know respondent beforehand also testified as to things said and done at the brickyard and at the station.  However, this last group based their identification of respondent on statements made to them by others.  The fourth group, consisting of eight witnesses who did not know respondent beforehand and did not identify him, gave evidence as to events at the brickyard and the train station.  In addition to the evidence of the survivors, the Crown relied on photographs, handwriting and fingerprint evidence to identify respondent as a captain in the gendarmerie at Szeged at the relevant time.  Expert and documentary evidence was tendered to establish the historical context of the evidence, the relevant command structure in place in Hungary in 1944 and the state of international law in 1944.

 


During the trial, the trial judge, on behalf of the defence, called the evidence of two eye‑witnesses, Ballo and Kemeny.  The statement and minutes of a third witness, Dallos, whose testimony was given at respondent's Hungarian trial, was also admitted.  Dallos, a survivor of the brickyard who died in 1963, gave evidence of the existence of a lieutenant who might have been in charge of the confinement and deportation of the Jews at the brickyard.  The trial judge ruled that, although the evidence was of a hearsay nature, it was admissible.  He also stated that, together with other evidence, it "could leave the jury with a reasonable doubt about the responsibility of respondent for confinement and brickyard conditions."  The trial judge warned the jury in his charge about the hearsay nature of the evidence.

 

Respondent was acquitted at trial and a majority of the Court of Appeal dismissed the Crown's appeal from that acquittal.  This judgment was appealed and cross‑appealed.

 

Several issues were raised on appeal.  Firstly, was s. 7(3.71)  of the Criminal Code  merely jurisdictional in nature or did it create two new offences, a crime against humanity and a war crime, and define the essential elements of the offences charged such that it was necessary for the jury to decide, beyond a reasonable doubt, not only whether the respondent was guilty of the 1927 Criminal Code offences charged, but also whether his acts constituted crimes against humanity and/or war crimes as defined in ss. 7(3.71) and 7(3.76)?   Secondly, did the trial judge misdirect the jury as to the requisite mens rea for each offence by requiring the Crown to prove not only that the respondent intended to commit the 1927 Criminal Code  offences charged, but also that he knew that his acts constituted war crimes and/or crimes against humanity as defined in s. 7(3.76)?   Thirdly, did the trial judge err in putting the "peace officer defence" (s. 25 of the Code), the "military orders defence" and the issue of mistake of fact to the jury and did he misdirect the jury in the manner in which he defined those defences?   Fourthly, did the trial judge's instructions to the jury adequately correct defence counsel's inflammatory and improper jury address so as to overcome the prejudice to the Crown and not deprive it of a fair trial?   Fifth, was the Dallos "evidence" (police statement and deposition) admissible and, in particular, in finding it admissible even though it did not fall within any of the recognized exceptions to the hearsay rule?   Sixth, did the trial judge err calling the Dallos evidence and the videotaped commission evidence as his own evidence, thereby making it unnecessary for the defence to do so and as a result depriving the Crown of its statutory right to address the jury last, and if so, did it result in a substantial wrong or miscarriage of justice?   Seventh, were the trial judge's instructions to the jury relating to the Crown's identification evidence appropriate.

 

The constitutional questions stated on the cross‑appeal queried whether s. 7(3.74) and s. 7(3.76) of the Code violate ss. 7 (the principles of fundamental justice), 11(a) (the right to be informed without unreasonable delay of the specific offence), 11(b) (the right to trial within a reasonable time), 11(d) (the right to be presumed innocent), 11(g) (the requirement that an act or omission constitute an offence), 12 (the prohibition against cruel and usual punishment) or 15 (the equality guarantees) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms , and if so, whether they were justifiable under s. 1.

 

Held (La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé and McLachlin JJ. dissenting):  The appeal should be dismissed. 

 

Held:  The cross-appeal should be dismissed.  Sections 7(3.74)  and 7(3.76)  of the Criminal Code  do not violate ss. 7 , 11 (a), (b), (d), (g), 12  or 15  of the Charter.

 

Per Gonthier, Cory and Major JJ.: 

 

The Appeal

 

Jurisdiction

 

Canadian courts have jurisdiction to try individuals living in Canada for crimes which they allegedly committed on foreign soil only when the conditions specified in s. 7(3.71) are satisfied.  The most important of those requirements, for the purposes of the present case, is that the alleged crime must constitute a war crime or a crime against humanity.  It is thus the nature of the act committed that is of crucial importance in the determination of jurisdiction.  Canadian courts may not prosecute an ordinary offence that has occurred in a foreign jurisdiction.  The only reason Canadian courts can prosecute these individuals is because the acts alleged to have committed are viewed as being war crimes or crimes against humanity.  A war crime or a crime against humanity is not the same as a domestic offence.  There are fundamentally important additional elements involved in a war crime or a crime against humanity.

 

The Requisite elements of the Crime Described by s. 7(3.71)

 

Canadian courts normally do not judge ordinary offences that have occurred on foreign soil but have jurisdiction to try individuals living in Canada for crimes which they allegedly committed abroad when the conditions specified in s. 7(3.71) are satisfied.  Here, the most important of those requirements is that the alleged crime must constitute a war crime or a crime against humanity which, compared to a domestic offence, has fundamentally important additional elements.  It is thus the nature of the act committed that is of crucial importance in the determination of jurisdiction. 

 


In order to constitute a crime against humanity or a war crime, there must be an element of subjective knowledge on the part of the accused of the factual conditions which render the actions a crime against humanity.  The mental element of a crime against humanity must involve an awareness of the facts or circumstances which would bring the acts within the definition of a crime against humanity.  It is not necessary, however, to establish that the accused knew that his or her actions were inhumane.  Similarly, for war crimes, the Crown would have to establish that the accused knew or was aware of the facts or circumstances that brought his or her actions within the definition of a war crime.  The accused  would have to have known that a state of war existed and that his or her actions even in a state of war, would shock the conscience of all right thinking people.  Alternatively, the mens rea requirement of both crimes against humanity and war crimes would be met if it were established that the accused was wilfully blind to the facts or circumstances that would bring his or her actions within the provisions of these offences.

 

The wording of the section, the stigma and consequences that would flow from a conviction all indicate that the Crown must establish that the accused committed a war crime or a crime against humanity.  This is an integral and essential aspect of the offence.  It is not sufficient simply to prove that the offence committed in Canada would constitute robbery, forcible confinement or manslaughter.  An added element of inhumanity must be demonstrated to warrant a conviction under this section.  The mental element required to be proven to constitute a crime against humanity is that the accused was aware of or wilfully blind to facts or circumstances which would bring his or her acts within the definition of a crime against humanity.  However it would not be necessary to establish that the accused knew that his or her actions were inhumane.  It is sufficient if the Crown establishes that the actions viewed by a reasonable person in the position of the accused were inhumane.

 

Similarly for war crimes the Crown would have to establish that the accused knew or was aware of facts that brought his or her action within the definition of war crimes, or was wilfully blind to those facts.  It would not be necessary to prove that the accused actually knew that his or her acts constituted war crimes.  It is sufficient if the Crown establishes that the acts, viewed objectively, constituted war crimes.

 

The Defences

 

The defence of compliance with the laws of the country where the alleged offences took place will be available if the laws of that country at the time of the alleged offences are held to be valid.  If the laws are held to be invalid, however, it may still be open to members of the military or police forces to rely on the defence of obedience to superior orders or the peace officer defence.  Those defences will then be subject to the manifestly illegality test:  the defences are not available where the orders in question were manifestly unlawful.  Even where the orders are manifestly unlawful, the defence of obedience to superior orders and the police officer defence will be available in those circumstances where the accused had no moral choice as to whether to follow the order because of the air of compulsion and threat to the accused that he or she had no alternative but to obey the order.

 

Trial Judge's Calling Evidence

 

The trial judge, in order to take the unusual and serious step of the court's calling witnesses, must believe it essential to exercise his or her discretion to do so in order to do justice in the case.  Here, where the trial judge had decided that certain evidence was essential to the narrative, it was a reasonable and proper exercise of this discretion to call the evidence if the Crown refused to do so.  It is essential in a case where the events took place 45 years ago that all material evidence be put before the jury.  With the passage of time it becomes increasingly difficult to get at the truth of events:  witnesses die or cannot be located, memories fade, and evidence can be so easily forever lost.  It is then essential that in such a case all available accounts are placed before the court.  The argument that all cases pose difficulties in presenting a defence fails to recognize that this case, because of the time elapsed, presents very real difficulties for the defence in getting at the truth which are not comparable to other cases.

 

The trial judge properly took into account the fact that if he did not call the evidence the defence would be required to do so and as a result lose its right to address the jury last.  Where the trial judge has found that the evidence in question should have been called by the Crown, the issue of who addresses the jury last is indeed relevant.  If this were not so it would be open to the Crown not to call certain evidence in order to force the defence to give up its right to address the jury last.  (The Crown here did not act for improper reasons.)  The opportunity for such abuse should not be left open.  Further, the trial judge's concern for the order of addresses to the jury was secondary to his finding that the evidence was essential to the narrative.

 

Finally, the trial judge did not need to wait until after the defence had decided whether or not to call evidence before he called the evidence in question.  The trial judge could not wait until the defence had finished its case without risking offending the rule that a trial judge should not call evidence him‑ or herself after the close of the defence case unless the matter was unforeseeable.  If the trial judge had waited, and the defence had elected not to call evidence, the trial judge would have been prevented from calling the evidence at that time, as the matter was readily foreseeable, and calling it at that point would have been prejudicial to the defence.

 

The Cross-Appeal

 


Do Sections 7(3.74) and (3.76) of the Criminal Code Violate Section 7 of the Charter Because these Purport to Remove the Protection of Section 15  of the Criminal Code ?

 

Respondent, even though he acted in obedience to the law (the Baky Order), could not argue that he had an honest but mistaken belief that that decree was lawful so as to absolve him of fault.  He still had the guilty mind required to found a conviction.  Section 7(3.74) does not, by permitting the removal of this defence, result in a breach of fundamental justice in violation of s. 7  of the Charter.  When the Criminal Code  provides that a defence is to be expressly excluded it is because Parliament has determined that the criminal act is of such a nature that not only is the disapprobation of society warranted, but also the act cannot be justified by the excluded defence.  Such a legislative provision will not generally violate s. 7 when a defence is inconsistent with the offence proscribed in that it would excuse the very evil which the offence seeks to prohibit or punish.

 

Do the Impugned Sections of Code Violate the Charter by Reason of Vagueness?

 

International law prior to 1944 provided fair notice to the accused of the consequences of breaching the still evolving international law offences.  The legislation is not made uncertain merely because the entire body of international law is not codified and that reference must be made to opinions of experts and legal writing in interpreting it.  Differences of opinion of international law experts as to these provisions and the questions of fact and law that arise in interpreting and applying them do not render them vague or uncertain.  It is the court that must ultimately interpret them.

 

Do the Impugned Sections of Code Violate s. 7 and s. 11(g) of the Charter?

 

Although the average citizen is not expected to know in detail the law with respect to a war crime or a crime against humanity, it cannot be argued that he or she had not substantive fair notice of it or that it is vague.  Everyone has an inherent knowledge that such actions are wrong and cannot be tolerated whether this perception arises from a moral, religious or sociological stance.  These crimes, which violate fundamental human values, are vehemently condemned by the citizens of all civilized nations and are so repulsive, reprehensible and well understood that the argument that their definition is vague or uncertain does not arise.  Similarly, the definitions of "war crimes" and "crimes against humanity" do not constitute a standardless sweep authorizing imprisonment.  The standards which guide the determination and definition of crimes against humanity are the values that are known to all people and shared by all.

 

The impugned sections do not violate ss. 7  and 11 (g) of the Charter because of any allegedly retrospective character.  The rules created by the Charter of the International Military Tribunal and  applied by the Nuremberg Trial represented "a new law".  The rule against retroactive legislation is a principle of justice.  A retroactive law providing individual punishment for acts which were illegal though not criminal at the time they were committed, however, is an exception to the rule against ex post facto laws.  Individual criminal responsibility represents certainly a higher degree of justice than collective responsibility.  Since the internationally illegal acts for which individual criminal responsibility has been established were also morally the most objectionable and the persons who committed them were certainly aware of their immoral character, the retroactivity of the law applied to them cannot be considered as incompatible with justice.  Justice required the punishment of those committing such acts in spite of the fact that under positive law they were not punishable at the time they were performed.  It follows that it was appropriate that the acts were made punishable with retroactive force.

 

Did the Pre- and Post-Charge Delay Violate ss. 7, 11(b) and 11(d) of the Charter?

 

The pre‑ and post‑charge delay does not violate the Charter principles of fundamental justice (s. 7), the right to trial without unreasonable delay (s. 11(b)) and the right to be presumed innocent (s. 11(d)).  The principles set out in R. v. Askov accordingly need not be extended to the situation here.  Indeed, the delay was far more likely to be prejudicial to the Crown's case than it was to that of the defence.  The documentary and physical evidence not available to the defence was probably destroyed during the war and therefore would not have been available for trial even if held a few years after the war.  With regard to post‑charge delay, the indictment was preferred less than a year after the legislation was proclaimed.  This was a minimal and very reasonable period of delay.

 

Do the Impugned Sections of the Code Violate ss. 7 and 15 of the Charter?

 

The impugned sections do not infringe the equality provisions of s. 15  of the Charter.  The fact that the legislation relates only to acts or omissions performed by individuals outside Canada is not based on a personal characteristic but on the location of the crime.  The group of persons who commit a war crime or a crime against humanity outside of Canada cannot be considered to be a discrete and insular minority which has suffered stereotyping, historical disadvantage or vulnerability to political and social prejudice.  Similarly, these sections, notwithstanding the allegation that they allegedly subject the individual to prosecution based on an extension of jurisdiction for crimes for which the people of Canada are not criminally liable, are not contrary to the principles of fundamental justice.

 


Do the Impugned Provisions Violate s. 12 of the Charter?

 

No argument was made with respect to s. 12 (cruel and unusual punishment) of the Charter.  It was not necessary to consider the application of s. 1.

 

Per Lamer C.J.:  The appeal should be dismissed for the reasons given by Cory J.  The cross-appeal should be dismissed as being moot.

 

Per La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé and McLachlin JJ. (dissenting in part):  Section 7(3.71)  of the Criminal Code  confers jurisdiction on Canadian courts to prosecute foreign acts amounting to war crimes or crimes against humanity domestically, according to Canadian criminal law in force at the time of their commission.  The provision does not create any new offences.  The person who commits the relevant act is not declared guilty of an offence as in all other criminal offences.  On the contrary, the nucleus of the provision is its predicate, "shall be deemed to commit that act or omission in Canada at that time".  Moreover, no penalty is stipulated.  A finding of war crime or crime against humanity does not result in punishment but rather merely opens the door to the next procedural step ‑‑ the placing before the jury of the charges against the accused for offences defined in the Code in respect of acts done outside the country, so long as those acts constitute crimes against humanity or war crimes.

 

The war crimes and crimes against humanity provision stands as an exception to the general rule regarding the territorial ambit of criminal law.  Parliament intended to extend the arm of Canada's criminal law in order to be in a position to prosecute these extraterritorial acts if the alleged perpetrators were discovered here.  Although exceptions to s. 6 (which limits the Code's application to Canada) can also take the form of offence‑creating provisions that expressly embrace extraterritorial acts, the wording of s. 7(3.71) closely resembles that of other purely jurisdiction‑endowing provisions and can be contrasted with these offence‑creating provisions.  Had Parliament wished specifically to make war crimes and crimes against humanity domestic offences, it would have been much easier to do so directly.

 

No distinction should be made between territorial jurisdiction of the court (going to the determination of the proper Canadian court to hear a case) and territorial reach of the criminal law (affecting the definition of the offences themselves).  Section 6(2) of the Code does not render Canadian territoriality a defining element of its offences.  Rather, it merely precludes a person's conviction or discharge for an offence when committed outside Canada in response to the structure of international order which entrusts prosecution of a criminal act to the state in which that act was committed.  The fact that an act or an omission may have taken place outside Canada's borders does not negate its quality as culpable conduct.

 

Questions of jurisdiction are matters of law entrusted to the trial judge.  The terms of s. 6 are not absolute; they specifically envision exceptions, whether in the Code itself or in other Acts of Parliament.  Deciding questions of jurisdiction has been found to be properly entrusted to the trial judge in other circumstances in R. v. Balcombe and no reason exists for a different rule to apply to the s. 6 inquiry.  Whether the criteria in s. 7(3.71), (whether the act amounts to a war crime or crime against humanity, whether it constituted an offence pursuant to Canadian law at the time of commission, and whether identifiable individuals were involved) creating the exception to s. 6 have been met is a question of law entrusted to the trial judge and not to the jury.  If these requirements are not satisfied, the exception to the rule of no extraterritorial application is not met, and the court must decline jurisdiction and acquit the accused even if all the elements of the offences of manslaughter, robbery, confinement or assault may be satisfied.

 

The jury's role will be similar to that exercised in an ordinary prosecution under our domestic law.  Its function, and the charge made to it, will be like those that would be made to a jury determining the underlying offence only.  The sole difference will be in relation to justifications, excuses and defences.  Section 7(3.74) provides the accused with the benefit of pleading all available international justifications, excuses and defences in addition to those existing under domestic law.  The one domestic defence made unavailable, by the operation of s. 7(3.73), is the defence of obedience to de facto law.

 

The requirements for jurisdiction need not be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.  The trial judge, however, must consider the evidence to satisfy the jurisdiction requirements and not simply base his or her assessment of these requirements on the charges as alleged.  Because some of the facts necessary to establish jurisdiction are not the same as those necessary for the jury's determination of the underlying offence, all the findings of fact cannot be left to the jury.  Here, since the jury will have to hear much of the same evidence related to the offences as the trial judge would have to hear in relation to the jurisdiction issue, it will usually be more efficient to have the trial judge consider the jurisdiction issue at the same time as the jury hears the evidence related to the offence.  If desired, and to keep a jury's mind clear, the parts of the evidence or expert testimony that are completely irrelevant to the jury's concerns can be heard in the jury's absence.  At the close of the evidence, the judge will decide whether the conditions for the exercise of jurisdiction have been met.  If so, then the court can proceed to hear the jury's verdict.

 


War crimes and crimes against humanity do not require an excessively high mens rea going beyond that required for the underlying offence.  In determining the mens rea of a war crime or a crime against humanity, the accused must have intended the factual quality of the offence.  In almost if not every case, the domestic definition of the underlying offence will capture the requisite mens rea for the war crime or crime against humanity as well.  Thus, the accused need not have known that his or her act, if it constitutes manslaughter or forcible confinement, amounted to an "inhumane act" either in the legal or moral sense.  One who intentionally or knowingly commits manslaughter or kidnapping would have demonstrated the mental culpability required for an inhumane act.  The normal mens rea for confinement, robbery, manslaughter, or kidnapping, whether it be intention, knowledge, recklessness or wilful blindness, is adequate.

 

The additional conditions of the actus reus requirement under international law are intended to be used to ascertain whether the factual conditions are such that the international relations concerns of extraterritorial limits do not arise.  Since in almost if not every case the mens rea for the war crime or crime against humanity will be captured by the mens rea required for the underlying offence that will have to be proved to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt, the trial judge will rarely, if ever, have to make any additional findings in relation to the mens rea to satisfy the jurisdiction requirements.

 

If a justification, excuse or defence that would have been available had the accused been charged with the crime under international law rather than the underlying crime is available, it should be referred to the jury with appropriate instructions whether the issue arises on the evidence presented by the Crown or the accused.  Under s. 7(3.73) of the Code, an accused may rely on any "justification, excuse or defence available . . . under international law" as well as under the laws of Canada.  The jury would then have to decide the issue with any reasonable doubt decided in favour of the accused.

 

The scheme in s. 7(3.71) ‑ (3.77) does not deprive the accused of his or her rights in a manner inconsistent with the principles of fundamental justice.  The accused cannot be found guilty of the offence charged (the underlying domestic offence) unless the jury finds the relevant mental element on proof beyond a reasonable doubt.  This mental element coincides with that of the war crime or crime against humanity.  And if any excuse, justification or defence for the act arises under international law, the accused is entitled to the benefit of any doubt about the matter, including any relevant mens rea attached to such excuse, justification or defence.  Charter jurisprudence relating to fundamental justice does not require, merely because a special stigma might attach to certain offences, that only the jury be entrusted with finding mens rea and only on a standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt.  Any stigma attached to being convicted under war crimes legislation does not come from the nature of the offence, but more from the surrounding circumstances of most war crimes and often is a question of the scale of the acts in terms of numbers.

 

Under the jurisdictional portion of s. 7(3.71), the inquiry goes to assessing whether Canadian courts are able to convict or discharge the perpetrator of the relevant conduct.  The preliminary question, whether the relevant conduct constitutes a situation evaluated by the international community to constitute one warranting treatment exceptional to the general precepts of international law, involves an assessment of Canada's international obligations and other questions concerning the interrelationship of nations.  The culpability of the acts targeted by this provision, from Canada's perspective, arises from, and will be assessed according to Canadian standards of offensive behaviour as embodied in the Code. The preliminary question of war crime or crime against humanity is more of a political inquiry than one of culpability and accordingly does not traditionally fall within the province of the jury.  The international community actively encourages the prosecution of those whose criminal conduct also constitutes war crimes or crimes against humanity.

 

It is not unfair or contrary to our philosophy of trial by jury to entrust determination of jurisdiction to the trial judge rather than the jury.  The assignment of this task is just and well‑designed given the technical nature of the actual factual findings that must be made by the trial judge on the preliminary jurisdictional question, as well as the complicated nature of the international law with which he or she must grapple.  The technical nature of these inquiries, unrelated as they are to matters of culpability, do not form part of the special capacity of the jury.

 

The jury's role in the prosecution remains extensive.  As in any other domestic prosecution, the jury is the sole arbitrator of whether both the actus reus and the mens rea for the offence charged are present and whether any domestic defences are available.  Moreover, in addition to its normal functions, the jury also decides whether any international justification, excuse or defence is available.  These determinations are not merely technical findings to supplement the extensive role of the trial judge; on the contrary, they go to the essence of the accused's culpability.  The jury alone decides whether the accused is physically and mentally guilty of the offence charged, on proof beyond a reasonable doubt.  The only element removed from the jury's usual scope of considerations in regular domestic prosecutions is the de facto law defence (s. 7(3.74)).

 


Section 7(3.74) does not violate the s. 7  of the Charter by removing available defences.  Subsections 7(3.73)  and (3.74) qualify each other and together indicate that the accused has the benefit of all available international and domestic justifications, excuses or defences.  The operation of s. 7(3.73)  only rules out resort to the simple argument that, because a domestic law existed, the conduct was authorized and so excused.  The whole rationale for limits on individual responsibility for war crimes and crimes against humanity is that there are higher responsibilities than simple observance of national law.  That a law of a country authorizes some sort of clearly inhumane conduct cannot be allowed to be a defence.

 

The peace officer and the military orders defences put to the jury here exist under Canadian domestic law and relate to arguments based on authorization or obedience to national law.  The rationale for these defences is that a realistic assessment of police or military organizations requires an element of simple obedience; there must be some degree of accommodation to those who are members of such bodies.  At the same time, totally unthinking loyalty cannot be a shield for any human being, even a soldier.  The defence is not simply based on the idea of obedience or authority of de facto national law, but rather on a consideration of the individual's responsibilities as part of a military or peace officer unit.  Essentially obedience to a superior order provides a valid defence unless the act is so outrageous as to be manifestly unlawful.  Further, an accused will not be convicted of an act committed pursuant to an order wherein he or she had no moral choice but to obey.

 

The war crime provisions do not violate ss. 7  and 11 (g) of the Charter because they are retroactive.  The accused is not being charged or punished for an international offence, but a Canadian criminal offence that was in the Code when it occurred.

 

International law in this area was neither retroactive nor vague.  Even on the basis of international convention and customary law, there are many individual documents that signalled the broadening prohibitions against war crimes and crimes against humanity.  Numerous conventions indicated that there were international rules on the conduct of war and individual responsibility for them.  International law, as expressed by international and national tribunals, continues to maintain that crimes against humanity and war crimes were well established.  The strongest source in international law for crimes against humanity, however, are the common domestic prohibitions of civilized nations.  The conduct listed under crimes against humanity was of the sort that no modern civilized nation was able to sanction.

 

The Code provisions do not violate s. 11(g) as being retroactive.  Section 11 (g) of the Charter specifically refers to the permissibility of conviction on the basis of international law or the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations.  One of the factors motivating the terms of the provision was to remove concerns about otherwise preventing prosecution of war criminals or those charged with crimes against humanity.

 

Section 7(3.71) (relating to the generality of the definitions of war crimes and crimes against humanity) read with s. 7(3.76) does not violate s. 7  of the Charter by reason of vagueness.  The offence with which the accused is charged and for which he will be punished is the domestic offence in the 1927 Code, and it is readily apparent that the cross appeal is not concerned with arguing that these standard Code provisions are unconstitutionally vague.   The standard of vagueness necessary for a law to be found unconstitutional is that the law must so lack in precision as not to give sufficient guidance for legal debate.  The contents of the customary, conventional and comparative sources provide enough specificity to meet this standard for vagueness.

 

The pre‑trial delay of 45‑odd years between the alleged commission of the offence and the laying of charges did not violate ss. 7 , 11 (b) and 11 (d) of the Charter.  Pre‑charge delay, at most, may in certain circumstances have an influence on the assessment of whether post‑charge delay is unreasonable but of itself is not counted in determining the delay.  The Charter does not insulate accused persons from prosecution solely on the basis of the time that elapsed between the commission of the offence and the laying of the charge.  No complaint was made as to post‑charge delay.

 

Section 7(3.71) does not violate ss. 7  and 15  of the Charter by applying only to acts committed outside Canada.  This provision is  jurisdictional and creates no new offences.  Whether impugned conduct is committed abroad or in Canada, the accused would be charged with the same offence and subject to the same penalty, if convicted.  Indeed, any difference in treatment favours the extraterritorial perpetrator.

APPEAL AND CROSS-APPEAL from a judgment of the Ontario Court of Appeal (1992), 92 D.L.R. (4th) 1, 73 C.C.C. (3d) 65, 14 C.R. (4th) 1, 53 O.A.C. 1, 9 C.R.R. (2d) 91, dismissing an appeal from acquittal by Campbell J. sitting with jury.  Appeal dismissed, La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé and McLachlin JJ. dissenting.  Cross-appeal dismissed.  Sections 7(3.74)  and 7(3.76)  of the Criminal Code  do not violate ss. 7 , 11 (a), (b), (d), (g), 12  or 15  of the Charter.

 

C. A. Amerasinghe, Q.C., and Thomas C. Lemon, for the appellant.

 

Douglas H. Christie and Barbara Kulaszka, for the respondent.

 

David Matas, for the intervener League for Human Rights of B'Nai Brith Canada.

 

Edward M. Morgan, for the intervener Canadian Jewish Congress.

 

Joseph R. Nuss, Q.C., and Lieba Shell, for the intervener InterAmicus.

 


Solicitor for the appellant:  John C. Tait, Ottawa.

 

Solicitor for the respondent:  Douglas H. Christie, Victoria.

 

Solicitors for the intervener Canadian Holocaust Remembrance Association:  Tory, Tory, DesLauriers & Binnington, Toronto.

 

Solicitors for the intervener League for Human Rights of B'Nai Brith Canada:  David Matas, Winnipeg and Dale, Streiman and Kurz, Brampton.

 

Solicitors for the intervener Canadian Jewish Congress:  Davies, Ward & Beck, Toronto.

 

Solicitors for the intervener InterAmicus:  Ahern, Lalonde, Nuss, Drymer, Montreal.

 

 

 

Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, et Major.

 

Droit criminel ‑‑ Crimes de guerre et crimes contre l'humanité ‑‑ Nature et preuve des infractions ‑‑ Allégations découlant de la détention et de la déportation dans des camps de concentration de Juifs, et de vols commis contre eux, dans l'Europe de la Seconde Guerre mondiale dominée par les Nazis ‑‑ Moyen de défense du policier obéissant à des ordres légaux ‑‑ Preuve déposée par le juge du procès ‑‑ Les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l'humanité constituent‑ils des crimes distincts des infractions incluses du Code criminel  ou les disposition du Code sont‑elles attributives de compétence permettant aux tribunaux canadiens d'exercer leur compétence dans les cas de crimes de guerre ou de crimes contre l'humanité survenus à l'étranger?  ‑‑ Le jury doit‑il décider, hors de tout doute raisonnable, non seulement la culpabilité relativement aux accusations applicables du Code criminel  mais aussi, si les actes constituent des crimes de guerre ou des crimes contre l'humanité ou les deux?  ‑‑ La mens rea requise pour chaque infraction exige‑t‑elle que le ministère public prouve l'intention de commettre une infraction criminelle et la connaissance des caractéristiques factuelles des crimes de guerre ou des crimes contre l'humanité?  ‑‑ La *défense de l'agent de la paix+ peut‑elle être invoquée et quelle est la nature de ce moyen de défense?  ‑‑ Les directives du juge du procès au jury ont‑elles adéquatement réparé le préjudice causé par l'exposé incorrect et incendiaire de l'avocat de la défense au jury?  ‑‑ La déclaration à la police et la déposition d'une personne décédée sont‑elles recevables bien que visées par les exceptions reconnues à la règle du ouï‑dire?  ‑‑ Le juge du procès a‑t‑il commis une erreur lorsqu'il a présenté sa propre preuve?  ‑‑ Les directives du juge du procès au jury relativement à la preuve d'identification du ministère public étaient‑elles appropriées?  ‑‑ Code criminel (L.R.C.), 1985, ch. C‑46, art. 6(2) , 7(3.71) (a)(i), (ii), (iii), (b), (3.72), (3.74), (3.76), 15, 25(1), (2), (3), (4), 736.

 

Droit constitutionnel ‑‑ Charte des droits ‑‑ Crimes de guerre et crimes contre l'humanité ‑‑ Nature et preuve des infractions ‑‑ Allégations découlant de la détention et de la déportation dans des camps de concentration de Juifs, et de vols commis contre eux, dans l'Europe de la Seconde Guerre mondiale dominée par les Nazis ‑‑ Moyen de défense du policier obéissant à des ordres légaux ‑‑ Y a‑t‑il eu violation des principes de justice fondamentale (art. 7), du droit d'être informé dans les plus brefs délais de l'infraction précise reprochée (art. 11a)), du droit à un procès dans un délai raisonnable (art. 11b), du droit d'être présumé innocent (art. 11d)), de l'exigence selon laquelle une action ou une omission doit constituer une infraction (art. 11g)), de la protection contre les peines cruelles et inusitées (art. 12) ou des droits à l'égalité (art. 15) ‑‑ Dans l'affirmative, la violation est‑elle justifiée en vertu de l'article premier ‑‑ Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, art. 1 , 7 , 11a) , b), d), g), 12 , 15 .

 

L'intimé, un capitaine de la Gendarmerie royale de la Hongrie ayant une formation juridique, était commandant d'une division des enquêtes à Szeged au moment où 8 617 Juifs on été séquestrés dans une briqueterie, dépossédés de leurs biens de valeur et déportés dans des conditions horribles dans des camps de concentration dans le cadre de la *solution finale+ du régime nazi.  Le pouvoir de mettre en oeuvre cette politique barbare en Hongrie provenait du seul décret Baky, pris par le ministère hongrois de l'Intérieur et adressé à plusieurs représentants, dont les commandants des divisions des enquêtes de la Gendarmerie.  Aux termes du décret, la Gendarmerie et certaines forces policières locales étaient chargées d'exécuter le plan.

 


L'intimé a été accusé de séquestration, de vol qualifié, d'enlèvement et d'homicide involontaire coupable commis contre les victimes de Szeged, en application du Code criminel , S.R.C. 1927.  Il s'agissait en fait de quatre paires de chefs d'accusation subsidiaires ‑‑ une série de crimes contre l'humanité et une autre de crimes de guerre.  Après la guerre, un tribunal de la Hongrie a jugé l'intimé in absentia et l'a déclaré coupable de *crimes contre le peuple+.  Il est devenu impossible, en vertu d'une loi du pays, d'imposer la peine en Hongrie, et l'intimé a bénéficié d'une amnistie générale.  Le procès tenu en Hongrie et la déclaration de culpabilité ont été jugés nuls au regard du droit canadien, et l'on a conclu que l'amnistie ne constituait pas un pardon.  La défense d'autrefois convict ou de pardon ne pouvait donc pas être invoquée.  Un expert a déclaré au procès que le décret de Baky était manifestement illégal et qu'une personne ayant reçu une formation sur les règles de droit de la Hongrie l'aurait su.

 

La preuve du ministère public reposait en grande partie sur la déposition de 19 témoins qui avaient été internés dans la briqueterie et déportés dans les camps de concentration.  Les témoignages de ces survivants se divisaient en quatre groupes généraux.  Six témoins qui connaissaient l'intimé avant les événements en question ont témoigné sur les paroles et les actes de ce dernier à la briqueterie et à la gare.  Le deuxième groupe était formé de trois témoins qui ne connaissaient pas l'intimé auparavant et qui ont pu témoigner que ce dernier avait dit ou fait certaines choses à la briqueterie et à la gare.  Le troisième groupe réunissait trois témoins qui ne connaissaient pas l'intimé avant les événements et qui ont également témoigné sur ce qui a été dit et fait à la briqueterie et à la gare.  Toutefois, les témoins de ce dernier groupe n'ont pu identifier l'intimé qu'en se fondant sur des déclarations que leur avait faites des tiers.  Le quatrième groupe, composé de huit témoins qui ne connaissaient pas l'intimé avant les événements et ne l'ont pas identifié, a témoigné sur les événements survenus à la briqueterie et à la gare.  Outre le témoignage des survivants, le ministère public a présenté des photographies et une preuve d'écriture et d'empreintes afin d'identifier l'intimé comme un capitaine de la Gendarmerie à Szeged à l'époque en question.  On a soumis une preuve d'expert et une preuve documentaire afin d'établir le contexte historique des témoignages, le régime hiérarchique en place en Hongrie en 1944 et l'état du droit international à ce moment‑là.

 

Le juge du procès a, pour le compte de la défense, cité deux témoins oculaires, Ballo et Kemeny.  La déclaration et le compte rendu d'un troisième témoin, Dallos, qui a témoigné lors du procès de l'intimé en Hongrie, ont également été admis.  M. Dallos, un survivant de la briqueterie décédé en 1963, a témoigné de l'existence d'un lieutenant, qui pourrait avoir été chargé de la séquestration et de la déportation des Juifs à la briqueterie.  Le juge du procès a conclu que, bien qu'il constitue du ouï‑dire, le témoignage était recevable.  Il a également déclaré que, joint à d'autres témoignages, il pourrait susciter chez le jury un doute raisonnable sur la responsabilité de l'intimé à l'égard de la séquestration et des conditions à la briqueterie.  Dans son exposé, le juge du procès a signalé au jury qu'il s'agissait d'une preuve par ouï‑dire.

 

L'intimé a été acquitté au procès et la Cour d'appel à la majorité a rejeté l'appel du ministère public contre l'acquittement.  Un pourvoi et un pourvoi incident ont été formés contre cette décision.

 

Plusieurs questions ont été soulevées en appel.  Premièrement, le par. 7(3.71)  du Code criminel  vise‑t‑il simplement la compétence, ou crée‑t‑il plutôt deux nouvelles infractions, un crime contre l'humanité et un crime de guerre; en outre, définit‑il les éléments essentiels des infractions reprochées de manière que le jury devait décider hors de tout doute raisonnable non seulement si l'intimé était coupable des infractions reprochées en vertu du Code criminel  de 1927, mais également si ses actes constituaient des crimes contre l'humanité ou des crimes de guerre ou les deux, aux termes des par. 7(3.71) et 7(3.76)?   Deuxièmement, le juge du procès a‑t‑il donné des directives erronées au jury sur la mens rea requise relativement à chaque infraction en exigeant que le ministère public démontre non seulement que l'intimé avait l'intention de commettre les infractions visées au Code criminel  de 1927 qui lui sont reprochées, mais qu'il savait que ses actes possédaient les caractéristiques factuelles des crimes de guerre ou des crimes contre l'humanité aux termes du par. 7(3.76)?   Troisièmement, le juge du procès a‑t‑il commis une erreur lorsqu'il a présenté au jury la *défense de l'agent de la paix+ (art. 25  du Code criminel ), la *défense fondée sur les ordres militaires+ et la question de l'erreur de fait, et la manière dont il a défini ces moyens de défense constitue‑t‑elle une directive erronée?   Quatrièmement,les directives du juge du procès au jury ont‑elles adéquatement corrigé l'exposé incorrect et incendiaire de l'avocat de la défense de manière à réparer le préjudice subi par le ministère public et à ne pas le priver d'un procès équitable?  Cinquièmement, le *témoignage+ de Dallos (déclaration à la police et déposition) était‑il recevable et, en particulier, même s'il n'était pas visé par les exceptions reconnues à la règle du ouï‑dire?  Sixièmement, le juge du procès a‑t‑il commis une erreur lorsqu'il a produit le témoignage de Dallos et les témoignages enregistrés sur bande vidéo par voie de commissions rogatoires comme ses propres éléments de preuve, privant ainsi le ministère public du droit que lui confère la loi de s'adresser au jury en dernier et, dans l'affirmative, cette erreur a‑t‑elle entraîné un tort important ou une erreur judiciaire grave?  Septièmement, les directives du juge du procès au jury relativement à la preuve d'identification du ministère public étaient‑elles appropriées?

 

Les questions constitutionnelles soulevées dans le pourvoi incident étaient de savoir si les par. 7(3.74) et 7(3.76) du Code violent l'art. 7 (les principes de justice fondamentale), l'al. 11a) (le droit d'être informé dans les plus brefs délais de l'infraction précise reprochée), l'al. 11b) (le droit d'être jugé dans un délai raisonnable), l'al. 11d) (le droit d'être présumé innocent), l'al. 11g) (l'exigence qu'une action ou une omission constitue une infraction), l'art. 12 (la protection contre les peines cruelles et inusitées) ou l'art. 15 (les droits à l'égalité) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  et, dans l'affirmative, s'ils sont justifiés en vertu de l'article premier.

 

Arrêt (Les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé et McLachlin sont dissidents):  Le pourvoi est rejeté.

 

Arrêt:  Le pourvoi incident est rejeté.  Les paragraphes 7(3.74)  et 7(3.76)  du Code criminel  ne violent pas l'art. 7, les al. 11a), b), d), g) ni les art. 12  ou 15  de la Charte.

 

Les juges Gonthier, Cory et Major:


Le pourvoi

 

La compétence

 

Les tribunaux canadiens ne sont compétents pour juger des personnes qui vivent au Canada relativement à des crimes qu'ils auraient commis en pays étranger que si les conditions précisées au par. 7(3.71) sont remplies.  La plus importante de ces conditions pour les fins de la présente affaire est que le crime reproché doit constituer un crime de guerre ou un crime contre l'humanité.  C'est donc la nature de l'acte commis qui est d'importance primordiale dans la détermination de la compétence.  Les tribunaux canadiens ne peuvent juger un individu relativement à une infraction ordinaire commise à l'étranger.  Ils ne peuvent juger ces personnes que parce que les actes commis sont qualifiés de crimes de guerre ou de crimes contre l'humanité.  Un crime de guerre ou un crime contre l'humanité n'est pas la même chose qu'une infraction commise au pays.  Le crime de guerre et le crime contre l'humanité mettent en cause d'autres éléments fondamentalement importants.

 

Les éléments requis relativement au crime décrit au paragraphe 7(3.71)

 

Les tribunaux canadiens ne peuvent habituellement juger un individu relativement à une infraction ordinaire commise à l'étranger, mais ils sont compétents pour juger des personnes qui vivent au Canada relativement à des crimes qu'ils auraient commis en pays étranger si les conditions précisées au par. 7(3.71) sont remplies.  La plus importante de ces conditions pour les fins de la présente affaire est que le crime reproché doit constituer un crime de guerre ou un crime contre l'humanité qui, comparé à une infraction commise au pays, met en cause d'autres éléments fondamentalement importants.  C'est donc la nature de l'acte commis qui est d'importance primordiale dans la détermination de la compétence.

 

Les crimes contre l'humanité ou les crimes de guerre nécessitent chez l'accusé un élément de connaissance subjective des conditions factuelles qui font de ses actes des crimes contre l'humanité.  L'élément moral d'un crime contre l'humanité doit comporter une connaissance des faits ou des circonstances qui entraîneraient les actes dans la sphère d'un crime contre l'humanité.  Il n'est pas nécessaire, cependant, d'établir que l'accusé savait que ses actes étaient inhumains.  De même, en ce qui concerne les crimes de guerre, le ministère public aurait le fardeau d'établir que l'accusé connaissait les faits ou circonstances qui faisaient que ses actes étaient visés par la définition de crime de guerre.  Il aurait fallu que l'accusé sache qu'un état de guerre existait et que ses actes, même en temps de guerre, choqueraient la conscience de tous les gens sensés.  Subsidiairement, l'exigence relative à la mens rea des crimes contre l'humanité et des crimes de guerre sera remplie s'il est établi que l'accusé a volontairement fermé les yeux sur les faits ou circonstances en raison desquels ses actes sont visés par les dispositions prévoyant ces infractions.

 

Le libellé du paragraphe, ainsi que les stigmates et les conséquences qui découleraient d'une déclaration de culpabilité indiquent tous que le ministère public doit établir que l'accusé a commis un crime de guerre ou un crime contre l'humanité.  Il s'agit là d'un aspect intégral et essentiel de l'infraction.  Il ne suffit pas de démontrer simplement que l'infraction commise au Canada constituerait un vol qualifié, une séquestration ou un homicide involontaire coupable.  Il faut établir un élément supplémentaire d'inhumanité pour justifier une déclaration de culpabilité en vertu de ce paragraphe.  L'élément moral dont il faut faire la preuve pour qu'il s'agisse d'un crime contre l'humanité est que l'accusé connaissait les faits ou les circonstances en raison desquels ses actes seraient visés par la définition de crime contre l'humanité, ou qu'il n'en n'a volontairement tenu aucun compte.  Il ne serait toutefois pas nécessaire d'établir que l'accusé savait que ses actions étaient inhumaines.  Il suffit que le ministère public établisse que les actes, considérés par une personne raisonnable dans la situation de l'accusé, étaient inhumains.

 

De même, pour ce qui est des crimes de guerre, le ministère public serait tenu d'établir que l'accusé avait une connaissance ou une conscience des faits qui faisait que ses actes étaient visés par la définition de crime de guerre, ou qu'il n'en a volontairement tenu aucun compte.  Il ne serait pas nécessaire de démontrer que l'accusé savait effectivement que ses actes constituaient des crimes de guerre.  Il suffit que le ministère public établisse que les actes, considérés de façon objective, constituaient des crimes de guerre.

 

Les moyens de défense

 

Le moyen de défense fondé sur l'obéissance aux lois du pays où les infractions auraient été commises pourra être invoqué si les lois de ce pays à l'époque de la perpétration des infractions sont jugées valides.  Toutefois, si les lois sont jugées invalides, il peut toujours être loisible aux membres des forces militaires ou policières d'avoir recours au moyen de défense fondé sur l'obéissance aux ordres d'un supérieur ou à celui de l'agent de la paix, lesquels seront alors examinés en regard du critère de l'illégalité manifeste: ces moyens de défense ne peuvent être invoqués lorsque les ordres en question étaient manifestement illégaux.  Même dans le cas où les ordres sont manifestement illégaux, le moyen de défense fondé sur l'obéissance aux ordres d'un supérieur et celui de l'agent de la paix pourront être invoqués si l'accusé n'avait pas la liberté morale d'y obéir ou non, parce que l'accusé voyait dans l'ordre une apparence de contrainte ou de menace telle qu'il n'avait d'autre choix que d'y obéir.

 


La présentation d'éléments de preuve par le juge du procès

 

Le juge du procès doit, pour recourir à la pratique inhabituelle et sérieuse de citer lui‑même des témoins, estimer qu'il est nécessaire d'exercer son pouvoir discrétionnaire pour que justice soit rendue.  En l'espèce, comme le juge du procès avait décidé que certains éléments de preuve étaient essentiels au récit, l'exercice du pouvoir discrétionnaire de présenter la preuve si le ministère public refusait de le faire était raisonnable et approprié.  Dans une affaire où les événements se sont déroulés il y a 45 ans, il est essentiel que tous les éléments de preuve pertinents soient présentés au jury.  Les années écoulées rendent difficile la tâche d'obtenir la vérité sur les événements:  les témoins meurent ou sont introuvables, la mémoire décline et les éléments de preuve peuvent si facilement être perdus à jamais.  Il est alors important que, dans un tel cas, toutes les versions existantes soient présentées à la cour.  L'argument selon lequel toutes les affaires posent des difficultés de présentation d'une défense ne reconnaît pas le fait que, en l'espèce, en raison du temps écoulé, la défense éprouve des difficultés très réelles à établir la vérité, lesquelles ne peuvent se comparer à ce qui se produit dans d'autres affaires.

 

Le juge du procès a eu raison de tenir compte du fait que, s'il ne présentait pas la preuve, la défense devrait le faire et, en conséquence, perdrait son droit de s'adresser au jury en dernier.  Lorsque le juge du procès conclut que la preuve en question aurait dû être produite par le ministère public, la question de savoir qui s'adresse au jury en dernier est effectivement pertinente.  Sinon, il serait loisible au ministère public de ne pas produire certains éléments de preuve afin de forcer la défense à abandonner son droit de s'adresser au jury en dernier.  (Les motifs du ministère public en l'espèce n'étaient pas illégitimes.)  Il faudrait fermer la porte au risque d'un tel abus.  En outre, la préoccupation du juge du procès quant à l'ordre des exposés au jury était d'importance secondaire par rapport à sa conclusion que la preuve était essentielle au récit.

 

Enfin, le juge du procès n'avait pas à attendre que la défense décide de présenter ou non la preuve en question avant de la présenter lui‑même.  Il  ne pouvait attendre que la défense ait fini de présenter sa preuve sans risquer d'enfreindre la règle suivant laquelle, après que la défense a terminé la présentation de sa preuve, il ne peut présenter de preuve lui‑même que si la question était imprévisible.  Si le juge du procès avait attendu, et que la défense eût choisi de ne pas présenter de preuve, il n'aurait pu le faire lui‑même puisque la question était fort prévisible, et la présenter à ce moment‑là aurait causé un préjudice à la défense.

 

Le pourvoi incident

 

Les paragraphes 7(3.74)  et (3.76)  du Code criminel  violent‑ils l'art. 7  de la Charte du fait qu'ils visent à éliminer la protection offerte par l'article 15  du Code criminel ?

 

L'intimé, même s'il a agi conformément à la loi (le décret Baky), ne pouvait faire valoir, de façon à être exonéré, qu'il croyait sincèrement, bien que par méprise, que ce décret était légal.  Il avait toujours l'intention coupable requise pour être déclaré coupable.  Le paragraphe 7(3.74), en permettant l'élimination de ce moyen de défense, ne porte pas atteinte à la justice fondamentale en contravention de l'art. 7  de la Charte.  Le Code criminel  prévoit l'exclusion expresse d'un moyen de défense lorsque le législateur a déterminé que l'acte criminel est d'une nature telle que, non seulement la désapprobation de la société est fondée, mais l'acte ne peut être justifié par le moyen de défense exclu.  De façon générale, la disposition législative ayant cet effet ne viole pas l'art. 7 lorsque le moyen de défense entre en conflit avec l'infraction prévue en ce qu'il excuserait le mal même que l'infraction vise à interdire ou à punir.

 

Les dispositions contestées du Code violent‑elles la Charte pour des motifs d'imprécision?

 

L'état du droit international avant 1944 était tel qu'il pouvait donner un avertissement raisonnable à l'accusé des conséquences de la perpétration des infractions toujours en évolution en droit international.  La disposition législative n'est pas imprécise simplement parce que l'ensemble du droit international n'est pas codifié et qu'il faut recourir aux opinions des experts et à la doctrine pour l'interpréter.  Les divergences d'opinion entre les experts en droit international relativement à ces dispositions et les questions de droit et de fait qui se posent dans leur interprétation et leur application ne les rendent ni imprécises ni incertaines.  Il appartient en dernier lieu au tribunal de les interpréter.

 

Les dispositions contestées du Code violent‑elles l'art. 7  et l'al. 11g)  de la Charte?

 


Même si on ne peut s'attendre à ce que le citoyen moyen connaisse en détail le droit régissant les crimes de guerre ou les crimes contre l'humanité,  on ne saurait affirmer qu'aucun avertissement raisonnable quant au fond n'a été donné ou que le droit en cette matière est imprécis.  Chacun a une connaissance innée que ces actes sont blâmables et ne peuvent être tolérés, que ce soit du point de vue moral, religieux ou sociologique.  Ces crimes, qui violent les valeurs humaines fondamentales, sont condamnés de façon véhémente par les citoyens de toutes les nations civilisées et ils sont répugnants, répréhensibles et connus au point qu'on ne peut tout simplement pas soutenir que leur définition est imprécise et incertaine.  De même, les définitions de *crime de guerre+ et de *crime contre l'humanité+ ne laissent pas une large place à l'arbitraire, permettant l'incarcération.  Les normes qui guident la détermination et la définition des crimes contre l'humanité sont des valeurs connues de tous et partagées par tous.

 

Les dispositions contestées ne violent ni l'art. 7 ni l'al. 11 g )  de la Charte en raison de leur nature supposément rétrospective.  Les règles créées par le Statut du Tribunal militaire international et appliquées dans le cadre des procès de Nuremberg constituaient *de nouvelles règles de droit+.  La règle de la non‑rétroactivité des lois est un principe de justice.  La loi qui prévoit rétroactivement une peine individuelle pour des actes qui, à l'époque où ils ont été commis, étaient illégaux sans être criminels, est toutefois une exception à la règle contre les lois adoptées après le fait.  La responsabilité criminelle individuelle offre certainement une plus grande justice que la responsabilité collective.  Puisque les actes illégaux en droit international, à l'égard desquels la responsabilité criminelle individuelle a été établie, étaient également des plus blâmables du point de vue moral, et que les auteurs de ces actes étaient certainement conscients de leur nature immorale, on peut difficilement considérer que la rétroactivité de la loi appliquée à leur égard est tout à fait contraire à la justice, qui exigeait la punition de ces personnes, en dépit du fait que, dans le cadre du droit positif, ces actes n'étaient pas punissables à l'époque où ils ont été commis.  Il s'ensuit qu'il était approprié que les actes aient été rendus punissables rétroactivement.

 

Les délais antérieur et postérieur à l'accusation violent‑ils l'art. 7  et les al. 11b)  et 11d)  de la Charte?

 

Les délais antérieur et postérieur à l'accusation ne violent pas les principes de justice fondamentale (art. 7), le droit d'être jugé dans un délai raisonnable (al. 11b)), ni le droit d'être présumé innocent (al. 11d)).  Les principes établis dans l'arrêt R. c. Askov n'ont donc pas à être étendus à la situation en l'espèce.  En fait, il est beaucoup plus probable que le délai ait été plus préjudiciable à la preuve du ministère public qu'il ne le fut pour la défense.  La preuve documentaire et matérielle qui n'existait plus pour la défense a probablement été détruite pendant la guerre et elle n'aurait donc pas pu être utilisée même si un procès avait eu lieu quelques années après la guerre.  En ce qui concerne le délai postérieur à l'accusation, moins d'un an s'est écoulé entre le moment où la disposition législative est entrée en vigueur et celui où l'acte d'accusation a été présenté.  Le délai était minime et très raisonnable.

 

Les dispositions contestées du Code violent‑elles les art. 7  et 15  de la Charte?

 

Les dispositions contestées ne violent pas les droits à l'égalité garantis à l'art. 15  de la Charte.  Le fait qu'elles ne portent que sur des faits ‑‑ actes ou omissions ‑‑ commis par des individus à l'étranger ne repose pas sur une caractéristique personnelle mais sur le lieu du crime.  Le groupe de personnes qui commettent des crimes de guerre ou des crimes contre l'humanité à l'étranger ne peut être considéré comme une minorité distincte et isolée ayant souffert de stéréotypes, de désavantages historiques ou de vulnérabilité à des préjugés politiques et sociaux.  Pour les mêmes raisons, ces dispositions ne sont pas contraires aux principes de justice fondamentale, malgré les allégations voulant qu'elles permettent d'engager des poursuites contre un individu en se fondant sur une extension de la compétence née des crimes reprochés pour lesquels le législateur ne rend pas les citoyens du Canada criminellement responsables.

 

Les dispositions contestées violent‑elles l'art. 12  de la Charte?

 

Les parties n'ont soumis aucun argument concernant l'art. 12 (peines cruelles et inusitées).  Il n'était pas nécessaire de considérer l'application de l'article premier.

 

Le juge en chef Lamer:  Le pourvoi devrait être rejeté pour les motifs énoncés par le juge Cory.  Le pourvoi incident devrait être rejeté  en raison de son caractère théorique.

 

Les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé et McLachlin (dissidents en partie):  Le paragraphe 7(3.71) du Code criminel  confère aux tribunaux canadiens le pouvoir d'engager des poursuites au Canada, conformément au droit criminel canadien en vigueur à l'époque de leur perpétration, à l'égard d'actes commis à l'étranger qui équivalent à des crimes de guerre ou des crimes contre l'humanité.  La disposition ne crée aucune nouvelle infraction.  La personne qui commet l'acte visé n'est pas déclarée coupable d'une infraction comme c'est le cas pour les autres infractions criminelles.  Au contraire, l'essence de la disposition est son prédicat: *est réputé avoir commis le fait au Canada à cette époque+.  En outre, aucune peine n'est prévue.  La conclusion à l'existence d'un crime de guerre ou d'un crime contre l'humanité n'entraîne pas une peine; elle ne fait qu'ouvrir la porte à l'étape procédurale suivante ‑‑ la présentation au jury des chefs d'accusation contre l'accusé pour des infractions définies au Code à l'égard d'actes commis à l'étranger, dans la mesure où ces actes constituent des crimes contre l'humanité ou des crimes de guerre.

 


La disposition relative aux crimes de guerre et aux crimes contre l'humanité constitue une exception à la règle générale de la portée territoriale du droit criminel.  Le législateur avait l'intention d'étendre la portée du droit criminel canadien afin d'être en mesure d'engager des poursuites à l'égard de ces actes commis à l'étranger si les auteurs allégués étaient découverts au pays.  Les exceptions à l'art. 6 (qui limite au Canada l'application du Code) peuvent également revêtir la forme de dispositions créant une infraction qui incluent expressément des actes commis à l'étranger, mais le libellé du par. 7(3.71) ressemble beaucoup à celui d'autres dispositions purement attributives de compétence, et il peut être mis en contraste avec ces dispositions créatrices d'infractions.  Si le législateur avait expressément souhaité faire des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité des infractions internes, il aurait pu le faire beaucoup plus facilement de façon directe.

 

Aucune distinction ne devrait être faite entre la compétence territoriale de la cour (qui vise la détermination du tribunal canadien approprié pour entendre l'affaire) et la portée territoriale du droit criminel (qui touche la définition des infractions elles‑mêmes).  Le paragraphe 6(2) du Code ne fait pas de la territorialité canadienne un élément qui délimite les infractions qui y sont prévues.  Il ne fait plutôt qu'exclure la possibilité qu'une personne soit déclarée coupable ou absoute à l'égard d'une infraction commise à l'étranger, en réponse à la structure de l'ordre international qui confie la poursuite de l'auteur d'un acte criminel à l'État dans lequel l'acte a été commis.  Le fait qu'un acte ou une omission ait été commis à l'extérieur des frontières canadiennes n'efface pas sa qualité d'acte coupable.

 

Les questions de compétence sont des questions de droit confiées au juge du procès.  Le libellé de l'art. 6 n'est pas absolu; il prévoit expressément des exceptions, soit dans le Code même, soit dans d'autres lois fédérales.   On a jugé dans d'autres circonstances dans l'arrêt R. c. Balcombe que la décision dans les questions de compétence était à juste titre confiée au juge du procès, et il n'existe aucune raison d'appliquer une règle différente pour ce qui est de la détermination effectuée relativement à l'art. 6.  La question de savoir si l'on a satisfait aux critères du par. 7(3.71) (si l'acte équivaut à un crime de guerre ou un crime contre l'humanité, si l'acte transgressait le droit canadien à l'époque de sa perpétration et si des personnes identifiables étaient impliquées) créant l'exception à l'art. 6 est une question de droit confiée au juge du procès et non au jury.  Si ces conditions ne sont pas remplies, aucune exception à la règle qui interdit la poursuite extraterritoriale ne s'applique et le tribunal doit refuser d'exercer toute compétence et acquitter l'accusé, peu importe que tous les éléments des infractions d'homicide involontaire coupable, de vol qualifié, de séquestration ou d'agression puissent être établis.

 

Le rôle du jury est semblable à celui qu'il assume dans le cadre d'une poursuite ordinaire engagée en vertu de notre droit interne.  Sa fonction et la charge dont elle est assortie sont identiques à celles qu'on assigne au jury, qui détermine uniquement si l'infraction sous‑jacente existe.  L'unique différence tiendra dans les justifications, excuses et moyens de défense invoqués.  En vertu du par. 7(3.74), l'accusé peut plaider, outre ceux qu'offre le droit interne, tous les moyens de défense, justifications et excuses qui existent en droit international.  Le paragraphe 7(3.73) a toutefois pour effet d'interdire à l'accusé de plaider l'obéissance à la loi de facto.

 

L'existence des conditions nécessaires à l'exercice de la compétence n'a pas à être démontrée hors de tout doute raisonnable.  Toutefois, le juge du procès doit apprécier la preuve afin de satisfaire aux conditions nécessaires à l'exercice de la compétence et il ne doit pas fonder son analyse de ces conditions que sur les accusations portées.  Puisque certains des faits requis pour établir la compétence ne sont pas identiques à ceux qui sont requis pour que le jury détermine si l'infraction sous‑jacente a été commise, il ne faut pas laisser au jury la tâche de tirer toutes les conclusions de fait.  En l'espèce le jury devra entendre, relativement aux infractions, en grande partie la même preuve que le juge du procès aura entendue sur la question de la compétence.  Il sera donc généralement plus efficace que le juge du procès se penche sur la question de la compétence au moment où le jury entend la preuve sur l'infraction.  Si on le désire, et pour éviter de confondre le jury, les parties de la preuve ou des témoignages d'experts qui sont tout à fait étrangers à ce qui intéresse le jury peuvent être entendues en son absence.  Une fois la présentation de la preuve terminée, le juge décidera si les conditions requises pour l'exercice de la compétence ont été remplies.  Dans l'affirmative, le tribunal peut entendre le verdict du jury.

 

Les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l'humanité n'exigent pas une mens rea excessivement élevée allant au delà de ce qui est requis pour l'infraction sous‑jacente.  La mens rea d'un crime de guerre ou d'un crime contre l'humanité implique que l'intention de l'accusé visait la qualité factuelle de l'infraction.  Dans presque tous les cas, sinon tous, la définition de l'infraction sous‑jacente en droit interne englobera la mens rea requise pour le crime de guerre ou le crime contre l'humanité.  Ainsi, il n'est pas nécessaire que l'accusé ait su que son acte, s'il s'agit d'un homicide involontaire coupable ou d'une séquestration, équivalait à un "acte inhumain" au sens juridique ou moral du terme.  Quiconque commet intentionnellement un homicide involontaire coupable ou un enlèvement a démontré la culpabilité morale requise pour un acte inhumain.  La mens rea normale pour la séquestration, le vol qualifié, l'homicide involontaire coupable ou l'enlèvement suffit, qu'il s'agisse d'intention, de connaissance, d'insouciance ou d'ignorance volontaire.

 

Les conditions additionnelles de l'exigence de l'actus reus en droit international sont censées être utilisées pour s'assurer que les conditions factuelles sont telles que les questions de limites extraterritoriales en matière de relations internationales ne se posent pas.  Puisque dans presque tous les cas, sinon tous, la mens rea pour le crime de guerre ou le crime contre l'humanité sera englobée dans la mens rea requise pour l'infraction sous‑jacente, dont il faut apporter la preuve au jury hors de tout doute raisonnable, le juge du procès ne devra que rarement, ou jamais, procéder à des constatations supplémentaires concernant la mens rea pour répondre aux exigences de compétence.

 


Dans le cas où des justifications, excuses ou moyens de défense auraient pu être invoqués si l'accusé avait été inculpé de l'infraction en vertu du droit international plutôt que de l'infraction sous‑jacente, il faut les soumettre au jury avec des directives appropriées, que la question soit soulevée par la preuve soumise par le ministère public ou par celle de l'accusé.  En vertu du par. 7(3.73) du Code, un accusé peut se prévaloir "des justifications, excuses ou moyens de défense reconnus [. . .] par [. . .] le droit international" ou par le droit canadien.  Le jury devrait alors trancher la question en faisant jouer tout doute raisonnable en faveur de l'accusé.

 

Le régime établi par les par. 7(3.71) à 7(3.77) ne prive pas l'accusé de ses droits d'une manière incompatible avec les principes de justice fondamentale.  L'accusé ne peut être déclaré coupable de l'infraction reprochée (l'infraction de droit interne sous‑jacente) tant que le jury n'a pas conclu que l'élément moral pertinent a été établi hors de tout doute raisonnable.  Cet élément moral coïncide avec celui du crime de guerre ou du crime contre l'humanité.  Si des excuses, justifications ou moyens de défense peuvent être invoqués en vertu du droit international, l'accusé a droit au bénéfice du doute sur la question, y compris la mens rea liée à ces excuses, justifications et moyens de défense.  La jurisprudence fondée sur la Charte concernant la justice fondamentale n'exige pas, simplement parce qu'un stigmate particulier peut se rattacher à certaines infractions, que la conclusion sur la  mens rea soit confiée exclusivement au jury et seulement en conformité avec une norme de preuve hors de tout doute raisonnable.  Le stigmate découlant d'une déclaration de culpabilité en vertu d'une loi sur les crimes de guerre ne résulte pas de la nature de l'infraction mais plutôt des circonstances qui entourent la plupart des crimes de guerre et souvent de la dimension, en termes numériques, des actes en cause.

 

Selon la partie du par. 7(3.71) qui traite de compétence, il faut déterminer si les tribunaux canadiens sont habilités à condamner ou exonérer l'auteur du fait en cause.  La question préliminaire, celle de savoir si la conduite visée est une situation considérée par la communauté internationale comme justifiant un traitement d'exception par rapport aux préceptes généraux du droit international, comporte l'évaluation des obligations internationales du Canada et d'autres questions concernant les relations entre nations.  Le caractère coupable des actes visés par cette disposition, du point de vue du Canada, résulte de ce qui est considéré comme un comportement répréhensible en vertu de normes canadiennes exprimées dans le Code, et doit être évalué en conséquence.  La question préliminaire, en ce qui concerne les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l'humanité, est plus une question politique qu'une question de culpabilité et, pour cette raison, ne relève traditionnellement pas de la compétence d'un jury.  La communauté internationale encourage activement les poursuites contre les personnes dont la conduite criminelle constitue aussi des crimes de guerre ou des crimes contre l'humanité.

 

Il n'est pas inéquitable ni contraire à notre conception du procès par jury de confier la détermination de la compétence au juge du procès plutôt qu'au L'attribution de cette tâche est juste et bien conçue compte tenu de la nature technique des véritables constatations de fait incombant au juge du procès sur la question préliminaire de la compétence, ainsi que de la nature complexe du droit international qu'il lui faut saisir.  Le caractère technique de ces questions, qui ne sont pas liées aux questions de culpabilité, n'entre pas dans les attributions spéciales du jury.

 

Le rôle du jury dans les poursuites demeure étendu.  Comme dans toute autre poursuite en droit interne, le jury est seul arbitre pour décider si l'actus reus et la mens rea de l'infraction reprochée sont tous deux présents et s'il existe des moyens de défense en droit interne.  Par ailleurs, en plus de ses fonctions habituelles, le jury décide aussi s'il existe des justifications, excuses ou moyens de défense en droit international.  Ces décisions ne sont pas de simples conclusions techniques qui complètent le rôle étendu confié au juge du procès; au contraire, elles vont au coeur même de la question de la culpabilité de l'accusé.  Le jury est seul à décider si l'accusé est physiquement et moralement coupable de l'infraction reprochée selon une preuve hors de tout doute raisonnable.  Le seul élément qui soit retiré du champ habituel des considérations du jury dans les poursuites en droit interne est le moyen de défense fondé sur la loi de facto (par. 7(3.74)).

 

Le paragraphe 7(3.74) n'enfreint pas l'art. 7  de la Charte en retirant des moyens de défense existants.  Les paragraphes 7(3.73)  et 7(3.74) se modifient l'un l'autre et signifient ensemble que l'accusé a le bénéfice de tous les moyens de défense, justifications et excuses existant en droit interne et en droit international.  L'application du par. 7(3.73)  ne fait qu'éliminer le simple argument selon lequel, puisqu'une loi interne existait, la conduite reprochée était autorisée et donc excusée.  Toute la raison d'être des limites à la responsabilité individuelle pour les crimes de guerre ou les crimes contre l'humanité tient à ce qu'il existe des responsabilités plus élevées que la simple observation du droit interne.  Le fait qu'une loi d'un pays autorise quelque conduite clairement inhumaine ne peut être accepté comme moyen de défense.

 

Le moyen de défense de l'obéissance aux ordres militaires et celui de l'agent de la paix soumis au jury en l'espèce existent en droit canadien et se rapportent aux arguments fondés sur l'autorisation et l'obéissance à la loi interne.  La raison d'être de ces moyens de défense est qu'une analyse réaliste des organisations militaires et policières montre qu'elles exigent un élément d'obéissance pure et simple; il faut donc un certain degré d'adaptation pour les membres de ces organisations.  Par ailleurs, la loyauté totalement aveugle ne peut abriter aucun être humain, même soldat. Le moyen de défense n'est pas simplement fondé sur l'idée d'obéissance ou d'autorité de la loi de facto du pays, mais plutôt sur la considération des responsabilités de l'individu dans le contexte d'une unité de militaires ou d'agents de la paix. En substance, l'obéissance à l'ordre d'un supérieur est une défense valable à moins que l'acte en cause soit tellement choquant qu'il est manifestement illégal.  De plus, un accusé ne sera pas déclaré coupable d'un acte commis en raison  d'un ordre donné s'il n'avait d'autre liberté morale que d'obéir.

 


Les dispositions relatives aux crimes de guerre n'enfreignent pas l'art. 7 ni l'al. 11  g) de la Charte pour cause de rétroactivité.  L'accusé n'est pas inculpé ou puni à l'égard d'une infraction au droit international, mais d'une infraction criminelle qui était incluse dans le Code au moment de sa perpétration.

 

Le droit international dans ce domaine n'était ni rétroactif ni vague.  Même sur la base des conventions internationales et du droit coutumier, de nombreux documents distincts indiquaient l'élargissement des interdictions des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité.  De nombreuses conventions montraient qu'il existait des règles internationales sur la conduite d'une guerre et une responsabilité individuelle à cet égard.  Le droit international, tel qu'exprimé par des tribunaux internes ou internationaux, continue d'affirmer l'existence bien établie des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité.  La source la plus solide en droit international en matière de crimes contre l'humanité est toutefois l'ensemble des interdictions communes de ces crimes dans les pays civilisés.  La conduite placée dans la catégorie des crimes contre l'humanité était de celles qu'aucun pays civilisé moderne ne pouvait tolérer.

 

Les dispositions du Code n'enfreignent pas l'al. 11 g) pour cause de rétroactivité.  Cet alinéa de la Charte prévoit expressément la possibilité d'une condamnation en vertu du droit international ou des principes généraux de droit reconnus par l'ensemble des nations.  Un des facteurs qui motivaient le libellé de cette disposition était d'éliminer toute crainte que soient autrement empêchées des poursuites contre des criminels de guerre ou de personnes accusées de crimes contre l'humanité.

 

Le paragraphe 7(3.71) (en ce qui concerne le caractère général des définitions des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité) pris en corrélation avec le par. 7(3.76) n'enfreint pas l'art. 7  de la  Charte pour cause d'imprécision.  L'infraction reprochée à l'accusé et pour laquelle il sera puni est l'infraction de droit interne du Code de 1927 et il est clair que l'appel incident ne vise pas à soutenir que ces dispositions classiques du Code sont imprécises au point d'être inconstitutionnelles.  Le degré d'imprécision nécessaire pour qu'une loi soit jugée inconstitutionnelle exige que le texte manque à ce point de précision qu'il ne fournit pas un guide suffisant pour un débat judiciaire.  La teneur des sources coutumières, conventionnelles et comparatives est suffisamment explicite pour satisfaire à cette norme.

 

Le délai avant procès d'environ 45 ans, entre la perpétration alléguée de l'infraction et l'inculpation, n'enfreint ni l'art. 7 ni les alinéas 11 b )  et 11 d )  de la Charte.  Les délais qui précèdent l'inculpation peuvent, tout au plus, avoir une influence dans certaines circonstances sur l'évaluation du caractère raisonnable du délai qui suit l'inculpation mais ne comptent pas comme tels dans ce dernier.  La  Charte ne protège pas des accusés contre des poursuites sur le seul fondement du temps qui s'est écoulé entre la perpétration de l'infraction et l'inculpation.  Aucune plainte n'a été formulée au sujet du délai qui a suivi l'inculpation.

 

Le paragraphe 7(3.71) n'enfreint pas les art. 7  et 15  de la Charte pour la raison qu'il s'applique uniquement à des actes commis à l'extérieur du Canada.  Cette disposition concerne la compétence et ne crée pas de nouvelles infractions.  Que la conduite reprochée ait eu lieu au Canada ou à l'étranger, l'accusé serait inculpé de la même infraction et passible de la même peine, s'il était déclaré coupable.  En fait, toute différence de traitement est en faveur du délinquant extraterritorial.

 

POURVOI ET POURVOI INCIDENT contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario (1992), 92 D.L.R. (4th) 1, 73 C.C.C. (3d) 65, 14 C.R. (4th) 1, 53 O.A.C. 1, 9 C.R.R. (2d) 91, qui a rejeté un appel d'un acquittement prononcé par le juge Campbell siégeant avec jury.  Pourvoi rejeté, les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé et McLachlin sont dissidents.  Pourvoi incident rejeté. Les paragraphes 7(3.74)  et 7(3.76)  du Code criminel  n'enfreignent pas l'art. 7, les al. 11a), b), d), g) ni les art. 12  ou 15  de la Charte.

 

C. A. Amerasinghe, c.r., et Thomas C. Lemon, pour l'appelante.

 

Douglas H. Christie et Barbara Kulaszka, pour l'intimé.

 

David Matas, pour l'intervenante la Ligue des droits de la personne de B'Nai Brith Canada.

 

Edward M. Morgan, pour l'intervenant le Congrès juif canadien.

 

Joseph R. Nuss, c.r., et Lieba Shell, pour l'intervenant InterAmicus.

 

Procureur de l'appelante:  John C. Tait, Ottawa.

 

Procureur de l'intimé:  Douglas H. Christie, Victoria.

 

Procureurs de l'intervenante la Canadian Holocaust Remembrance Association:  Tory, Tory, DesLauriers & Binnington, Toronto.

 


Procureurs de l'intervenante la Ligue des droits de la personne de  B'Nai Brith Canada:  David Matas, Winnipeg et Dale, Streiman and Kurz, Brampton.

 

Procureurs de l'intervenant le Congrès juif canadien:  Davies, Ward & Beck, Toronto.

 

Procureurs de l'intervenant InterAmicus:  Ahern, Lalonde, Nuss, Drymer, Montréal.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 


Her Majesty the Queen v. M.B.P. (Crim.)(Ont.)(23088)

Indexed as:  R. v. P. (M.B.) / Répertorié:  R. c. P. (M.B.)

Judgment rendered April 14, 1994 / Jugement rendu le 14 avril 1994

                                                                                                                                             

 

Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 

Criminal law ‑‑ Sexual offences ‑‑ Time of offence ‑‑ Reopening of Crown's case ‑‑ Complainant and her mother testifying that alleged assaults occurred in 1982 ‑‑  Crown closing its case ‑‑ Defence announcing intention to call alibi witness ‑‑ Crown recalling complainant's mother to establish that alleged assaults occurred in 1983 ‑‑ Whether trial judge erred in permitting Crown to reopen case ‑‑ Whether trial judge erred in permitting Crown to amend indictment.

 

The accused was charged with indecent assault of his niece and with having sexual intercourse with her when she was under the age of 14.  The complainant had initially reported that the sexual assaults occurred in 1980.  An information was drafted and the accused was arrested.  He was informed that the incidents of which he was being accused had occurred when he was living at the complainant's house.  After being cautioned and given his right to counsel, he made several inculpatory statements to the arresting officers.  Following the preliminary inquiry, the information was amended to allege that the incidents had occurred between January 1, 1982 and January 1, 1983.  The complainant, who was 16 at the time of the trial, testified that the accused had lived at her parents' house for a month or two in the summer of 1982 when she was eight and that while her parents were away for a weekend, he sexually assaulted her.  She stated that she and her mother had gone through old photographs which had helped them determine the relevant time frame.  Her mother testified that the accused had lived with the family for two months in the summer of 1982, and that he had baby‑sat her daughter during a van trip in July of that year.  The Crown closed its case and the trial was adjourned. Prior to adjourning, defence counsel stated in open court that he would be calling three witnesses, including an alibi witness.  When the trial resumed the Crown successfully applied to reopen its case and recall the complainant's mother.  She testified that she had been mistaken and that she now realized that the accused had stayed with the family in the summer of 1983, not the summer of 1982.  The Crown was then granted leave to amend the indictment to extend the time frame to include 1983.  The accused testified that he had lived with the complainant's family during the summer of 1983.  He was convicted of both counts.  The Court of Appeal found that the Crown should not have been permitted to reopen its case or amend the indictment.  It quashed the convictions.  The Crown appeals to this Court only in respect of the acquittal on the sexual intercourse charge, the amendment to the indictment having resulted in a time frame extending beyond the repeal of the offence of indecent assault.

 

Held (La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting):  The appeal should be dismissed.

 

Per Lamer C.J. and Sopinka, Cory, Iacobucci and Major JJ.:  The trial judge committed a reversible error in allowing the Crown's case to be reopened after the accused had begun to answer the case against him by revealing that he would be calling three witnesses.  The keystone principle in determining whether the Crown should be allowed to reopen its case has always been whether the accused will be prejudiced in his or her defence.  A trial judge's discretion in this regard must be exercised judicially and with a view to ensuring that the interests of justice are served.  Traditionally, the stage reached in a proceeding has been treated as correlative to prejudice and injustice to the accused.  Before the Crown has closed its case, a trial judge has considerable latitude in exercising his or her discretion to allow the Crown to recall a witness so that his or her earlier testimony can be corrected.  Once the Crown actually closes its case but before the defence elects whether or not to call evidence, the test to be applied by the trial judge is generally understood to be that reopening is to be permitted to correct some oversight or inadvertent omission by the Crown in the presentation of its case, provided of course that justice requires it and there will be no prejudice to the defence.  After the Crown has closed its case and the defence has started to answer the case against it, a court's discretion is very restricted, and it is only in the narrowest of circumstances that the Crown will be permitted to reopen its case.  Allowing the Crown's case to be reopened after the defence has started to meet that case would undermine the guiding principle against self‑incrimination.  This Court's decision in Robillard, with its more generous approach to a trial judge's discretion over reopening, even after the defence has closed its case, must be narrowly construed as applying only to situations where the Crown is seeking to reopen in order to correct a matter of form.

 

This is an appropriate case in which to interfere with the trial judge's exercise of discretion to allow the Crown to reopen its case.  Not only had the defence started to meet the Crown's case by declaring its intention to call evidence, but the mother's fresh evidence had the effect of changing the case which the accused had committed himself to answering.  Reopening in this case was contrary to the interests of justice and prejudicial to the accused because it violated, indirectly, the fundamental tenet of our criminal justice system that an accused must not be conscripted against himself.  It is unnecessary to consider whether the trial judge erred in allowing the amendment to the indictment.

 


Per L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. (dissenting): The reopening of the case was properly allowed by the trial judge, as was the amendment to the indictment.  Neither of these procedural incidents altered the case which the accused had to answer, since he had been made aware at the time of his arrest that the relevant period during which he was alleged to have sexually assaulted the complainant was when he was living at her parents' house, and the accused thus could not have suffered any prejudice of any kind.  A trial judge has wide discretion to allow the reopening of the case and such discretion, as long as it is exercised in a manner which does not result in injustice or prejudice to the parties, should not be interfered with.  Although in certain circumstances it may be more likely that prejudice will arise if the case is reopened later rather than earlier in the trial, this Court's decision in Robillard definitely eliminated the distinction between cases where the reopening is sought prior to and those where it is sought after the defence has started to answer the case against it, where no prejudice is demonstrated.  Here there was no prejudice or denial of full answer and defence in depriving the defence of the opportunity of relying on an irrelevant detail, the dates of the offences, by allowing the Crown to submit fresh evidence which did not change the essential features of the case which the defence had to meet.  The key to this flexibility is rooted in B. (G.), where this Court recognized the difficulties of pinpointing the exact date of sexual assaults against children and the need to accommodate this difficulty in our criminal justice system.  In light of the context of child sexual abuse and the difficulty that children have in determining exact dates and times of occurrences, courts must not unduly limit and complicate the trial judge's discretion to reopen the case with inordinate technicalities.  Here there was no actual prejudice to the defence.  While there must be great value placed on the right of an accused to silence and the presumption against self‑incrimination, these rights have not been violated in this case.

 

Section 601  of the Criminal Code  specifically confers on a trial judge the discretion to permit an amendment to the indictment in the absence of prejudice and codifies the common law rule that the date of an offence need not be proven unless it is an essential element of the offence.  There is no vested right to a given alibi, and the availability of a particular defence is no bar to the application of s. 601, which was enacted to avoid having technicalities impair the truth‑seeking function of the courts.  The amendment sought by the Crown here was precisely for those reasons and fell squarely within the discretion of the trial judge, who was in the best position to assess whether or not the accused was or could be prejudiced by the amendment.

 

Per La Forest and McLachlin JJ. (dissenting):  The trial judge did not err in allowing the Crown to reopen its case and amend the indictment.  While the later the stage at which an application to amend an indictment is made, the greater the chance for injustice to the accused, the discretion of the trial judge is to be exercised in the interests of justice ‑‑ which would comprise consideration of both the interests of the accused and those of the public, including in the latter those of the victim.  Here the interests of the accused were not prejudiced.  The accused knew before the reopening of the case that the incident had taken place when he resided with his niece, and thus knew exactly the case he had to meet from the beginning.  The difficulty of children pinpointing the exact time of incidents which have occurred several years before, but which they are able to define in terms of other contemporaneous matters, should be underlined.

 

APPEAL from a judgment of the Ontario Court of Appeal (1992), 9 O.R. (3d) 424, 72 C.C.C. (3d) 121, 13 C.R. (4th) 302, 54 O.A.C. 62, allowing the accused's appeal from his convictions for indecent assault and sexual intercourse with a female under the age of 14.  Appeal dismissed, La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting.

 

Gary T. Trotter, for the appellant.

 

Julian N. Falconer and Richard Macklin, for the respondent.

 

Solicitor for the appellant:  The Attorney General for Ontario, Toronto.

 

Solicitor for the respondent:  Julian N. Falconer, Toronto.

 

 

 

Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major.

 

Droit criminel ‑‑ Infractions d'ordre sexuel ‑‑ Moment de l'infraction ‑‑ Réouverture de la preuve du ministère public ‑‑ Plaignante et sa mère témoignant que les agressions se seraient produites en 1982 ‑‑ Fin de la preuve du ministère public ‑‑ Défense annonçant son intention de citer un témoin pour étayer un alibi ‑‑ Ministère public citant de nouveau la mère de la plaignante pour démontrer que les agressions se seraient produites en 1983 ‑‑ Le juge du procès a‑t‑il commis une erreur en permettant au ministère public de rouvrir sa preuve? ‑‑ Le juge du procès a‑t‑il commis une erreur en permettant au ministère public de modifier l'acte d'accusation?

 


L'accusé a été inculpé d'avoir attenté à la pudeur de sa nièce et d'avoir eu des rapports sexuels avec celle‑ci alors qu'elle était âgée de moins de 14 ans.  La plaignante a d'abord dit que les agressions sexuelles étaient survenues en 1980.  Une dénonciation a été rédigée et l'accusé a été arrêté.  Celui-ci a été informé que les incidents qu'on lui reprochait s'étaient produits lorsqu'il vivait dans la maison de la plaignante.  Après qu'on lui eut fait une mise en garde et qu'on l'eut informé de son droit d'avoir recours à l'assistance d'un avocat, l'accusé a fait plusieurs déclarations incriminantes aux policiers qui avaient procédé à son arrestation.  Après l'enquête préliminaire, la dénonciation a été modifiée de manière à alléguer que les incidents s'étaient produits entre le 1er janvier 1982 et le 1er janvier 1983.  La plaignante, qui était âgée de 16 ans au moment du procès, a témoigné que l'accusé avait demeuré pendant un ou deux mois dans la maison de ses parents, au cours de l'été 1982, alors qu'elle était âgée de huit ans, et qu'il l'avait agressée sexuellement pendant que ses parents étaient partis pour une fin de semaine.  Elle a affirmé que sa mère et elle avaient examiné d'anciennes photographies qui les avaient aidées à déterminer la période pertinente.  La mère de la plaignante a témoigné que l'accusé avait vécu avec la famille pendant deux mois au cours de l'été 1982 et qu'il avait gardé sa fille pendant un voyage en fourgonnette en juillet de cette année.  Le ministère public a terminé sa preuve et le procès a été ajourné.  Avant l'ajournement, l'avocat de la défense a affirmé à l'audience qu'il citerait trois témoins, dont un pour étayer un alibi.  À la reprise du procès, le ministère public a demandé avec succès à rouvrir sa preuve et à citer de nouveau la mère de la plaignante.  Elle a témoigné qu'elle avait commis une erreur et qu'elle avait maintenant réalisé que l'accusé était demeuré avec la famille au cours de l'été 1983 et non de l'été 1982.  Le ministère public a alors obtenu l'autorisation de modifier l'acte d'accusation afin de proroger la période pertinente de manière à comprendre l'année 1983.  L'accusé a témoigné avoir vécu avec la famille de la plaignante au cours de l'été 1983.  Il a été déclaré coupable à l'égard des deux chefs d'accusation.  La Cour d'appel a conclu que le ministère public n'aurait pas dû être autorisé à rouvrir sa preuve ou à modifier l'acte d'accusation.  Elle a annulé les déclarations de culpabilité.  Le ministère public se pourvoit devant notre Cour seulement en ce qui concerne l'acquittement inscrit relativement au chef d'accusation de rapports sexuels, la nouvelle période qui a résulté de la modification de l'acte d'accusation s'étendant au‑delà de la date d'abrogation de l'infraction d'attentat à la pudeur.

 

Arrêt (les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin sont dissidents):  Le pourvoi est rejeté.

 

Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges Sopinka, Cory, Iacobucci et Major:  Le juge du procès a commis une erreur justifiant une annulation lorsqu'il a permis au ministère public de rouvrir sa preuve après que l'accusé eut commencé à répondre à la preuve présentée contre lui en révélant qu'il citerait trois témoins.  Le principe fondamental qui s'applique pour déterminer si le ministère public devrait être autorisé à rouvrir sa preuve a toujours été de savoir si l'accusé serait lésé dans sa défense.  Le pouvoir discrétionnaire du juge du procès à cet égard doit être exercé judiciairement et avoir pour objet d'assurer qu'il est dans l'intérêt de la justice de le faire.  Traditionnellement, on a considéré qu'il y a une corrélation entre le stade auquel sont rendues les procédures et le préjudice et l'injustice que subit l'accusé.  Avant que le ministère public ait terminé sa preuve, le juge du procès jouit d'une grande latitude dans l'exercice de son pouvoir discrétionnaire de permettre au ministère public de citer de nouveau un témoin pour qu'il corrige son témoignage antérieur.  Dès que le ministère public termine réellement sa preuve, mais avant que la défense choisisse de produire une preuve, le critère que doit appliquer le juge du procès est généralement considéré comme celui selon lequel on doit permettre de rouvrir la preuve pour remédier à un oubli ou à une omission par inadvertance du ministère public dans la présentation de sa preuve, pourvu naturellement que la justice l'exige et que la défense ne soit pas lésée.  Après que le ministère public a terminé sa preuve et que la défense a commencé à y répondre, le pouvoir discrétionnaire d'une cour est très limité et c'est seulement dans des circonstances très particulières que le ministère public sera autorisé à rouvrir sa preuve.  Le fait de permettre au ministère public de rouvrir sa preuve après que la défense a commencé à y répondre minerait le principe directeur interdisant l'auto‑incrimination.  L'arrêt Robillard de notre Cour, qui aborde de façon plus libérale le pouvoir discrétionnaire du juge du procès en matière de réouverture, même après la clôture de la preuve de la défense, doit être interprété restrictivement comme s'appliquant seulement aux situations où le ministère public cherche à rouvrir sa preuve pour corriger un vice de forme.

 

Il s'agit d'une affaire où il convient de s'immiscer dans l'exercice du pouvoir discrétionnaire du juge du procès de permettre au ministère public de rouvrir sa preuve.  Non seulement la défense avait‑elle commencé à répondre à la preuve du ministère public en annonçant son intention de citer des témoins, mais encore le nouveau témoignage de la mère a eu pour effet de changer la preuve à laquelle l'accusé s'était engagé à répondre.  La réouverture de la preuve en l'espèce était contraire aux intérêts de la justice et causait un préjudice à l'accusé parce qu'elle portait atteinte indirectement au précepte fondamental de notre système de justice criminelle selon lequel un accusé ne doit pas être mobilisé contre lui‑même.  Il est inutile d'examiner si le juge du procès a commis une erreur en autorisant la modification de l'acte d'accusation.

 


Les juges L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin (dissidents):  C'est à bon droit que le juge du procès a autorisé la réouverture de l'enquête ainsi que l'amendement de l'acte d'accusation.  Ni l'un ni l'autre de ces incidents procéduraux n'a modifié la preuve que devait réfuter l'accusé, étant donné qu'il avait été informé, au moment de son arrestation, que la période pertinente pendant laquelle il aurait agressé sexuellement la plaignante était celle pendant laquelle il habitait dans la maison des parents de cette dernière, et qu'il n'avait donc pu subir un préjudice quelconque.  Le juge du procès a un large pouvoir discrétionnaire de permettre la réouverture de l'enquête et il n'y a pas lieu de s'immiscer dans l'exercice de ce pouvoir dans la mesure où il n'est pas exercé de manière à causer une injustice ou un préjudice aux parties.  Bien qu'il se puisse que, dans certaines circonstances, la réouverture de l'enquête vers la fin du procès plutôt que vers le début risque davantage de causer un préjudice, l'arrêt Robillard de notre Cour a, dans le cas où aucun préjudice n'est établi, éliminé définitivement la distinction entre la demande de réouverture faite avant que la défense ait commencé à répondre à la preuve produite contre elle et celle faite après.  En l'espèce, l'accusé n'a subi aucun préjudice ni été privé d'une défense pleine et entière du fait qu'on a omis de lui donner l'occasion de s'appuyer sur un détail non pertinent, la date des infractions, en permettant au ministère public de produire de nouveaux éléments de preuve qui n'ont rien changé aux aspects essentiels de la preuve à laquelle la défense devait répondre.  Cette flexibilité relève de l'arrêt B. (G.) où notre Cour a reconnu la difficulté de déterminer les dates exactes d'agressions sexuelles commises contre des enfants et la nécessité de composer avec cette difficulté dans notre système de justice criminelle.  Vu le contexte des abus sexuels dont sont victimes des enfants et la difficulté qu'éprouvent ces derniers à déterminer la date et l'heure exactes de ces incidents, les tribunaux ne doivent pas, par un formalisme excessif, limiter indûment le pouvoir discrétionnaire du juge du procès de réouvrir la preuve, ni en compliquer l'exercice.  En l'espèce, la défense n'a subi aucun préjudice réel.  Bien qu'il faille attacher une grande importance au droit d'un accusé de garder le silence et à son droit de ne pas s'incriminer, il n'y a eu en l'espèce aucune violation de ces droits.

 

L'article 601  du Code criminel  confère expressément au juge du procès le pouvoir discrétionnaire d'autoriser l'amendement d'un acte d'accusation, en l'absence de préjudice, et il codifie la règle de common law voulant que la date de l'infraction n'ait à être prouvée que si elle en constitue un élément essentiel.  Il n'y a pas de droits acquis à un alibi donné et la possibilité de se prévaloir d'un moyen de défense donné n'est pas un obstacle à l'application de l'art. 601 qui a été adopté pour éviter que des formalités ne viennent entraver l'objectif de recherche de la vérité des tribunaux.  C'est justement pour ces raisons que le ministère public a requis l'amendement ici en cause et que cette requête en amendement relevait directement du pouvoir discrétionnaire du juge du procès qui était le mieux placé pour déterminer si cet amendement portait préjudice à l'accusé ou était susceptible de le léser.

 

Les juges La Forest et McLachlin (dissidents):  Le juge du procès n'a pas commis d'erreur en permettant au ministère public de rouvrir sa preuve et de modifier l'acte d'accusation.  Bien que plus une demande de modification d'acte d'accusation est présentée à un stade avancé des procédures, plus l'accusé risque de subir une injustice, le juge de première instance doit exercer son pouvoir discrétionnaire dans l'intérêt de la justice ‑‑ qui commande l'examen des droits de l'accusé et de ceux du public, y compris dans ce dernier cas ceux de la victime.  Il n'y a pas eu en l'espèce d'atteinte aux droits de l'accusé.  Celui‑ci savait, avant la réouverture de l'enquête, que l'incident avait eu lieu pendant qu'il habitait avec sa nièce et il connaissait donc exactement, dès le départ, la preuve à laquelle il devait répondre.  Il y a lieu de souligner que les enfants ont de la difficulté à établir la date exacte d'incidents qui se sont produits plusieurs années auparavant, mais qu'ils sont capables de les situer dans le temps en se reportant à d'autres événements contemporains.

 

POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario (1992), 9 O.R. (3d) 424, 72 C.C.C. (3d) 121, 13 C.R. (4th) 302, 54 O.A.C. 62, qui a accueilli l'appel de l'accusé contre ses déclarations de culpabilité relatives à des accusations d'attentat à la pudeur et de rapports sexuels avec une personne de sexe féminin âgée de moins de 14 ans.  Pourvoi rejeté, les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin sont dissidents.

 

Gary T. Trotter, pour l'appelante.

 

Julian N. Falconer et Richard Macklin, pour l'intimé.

 

Procureur de l'appelante:  Le procureur général de l'Ontario, Toronto.

 

Procureur de l'intimé:  Julian N. Falconer, Toronto.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


Karl Thomas Galaske, an infant suing by his Guardian ad Litem Elizabeth Moser v. Erich Stauffer, et al and between Karl Thomas Galaske, an infant suing by his guardian ad litem, Elizabeth Moser v. Erich Stauffer, et al (B.C.)(23109)

Indexed as:  Galaske v. O'Donnell / Répertorié:  Galaske c. O'Donnell

Judgment rendered April 14, 1994 / Jugement rendu le 14 avril 1994

                                                                                                                                             

 

Present:  La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin and Major JJ.

 

Torts ‑‑ Negligence ‑‑ Motor vehicles ‑‑ Seat belts ‑‑ Duty of care ‑‑ Eight‑year‑old child injured in motor vehicle accident ‑‑ Child not wearing seat belt at time of accident ‑‑ Whether general duty of care owed by driver of vehicle to passengers includes duty to take reasonable steps to ensure that passenger under 16 years of age wears seat belt ‑‑ If so, whether duty negated by presence of parent of child.

 

The appellant, who was eight years old at the time, went with his father to visit the respondent S, a family friend.  It was decided that they would go in the respondent's new truck to visit his vegetable garden, which was about a mile and a half from the residence.  The truck was fitted with seat belts for all the occupants of the front seat.  The appellant sat in the middle between his father and the respondent.  The respondent did not suggest that his passengers put on their seat belts because he did not wish to take the "fathership" away from his friend.  He readily conceded that if the young appellant had been in the vehicle alone with him he would have insisted that he wear the seat belt.  He further agreed that he was aware of the importance of seat belts as a safety factor.  The route to the vegetable garden required the respondent to drive by an intersection that he knew to be dangerous.  At that intersection, through no fault of his own, his truck was struck by another vehicle.  The two passengers were thrown from the vehicle as a result of the impact.  The father was killed and the child received serious injuries rendering him paraplegic.  The evidence was clear that if seat belts had been worn, no serious injuries would have been suffered by either of the passengers.  The trial judge concluded that it was not unreasonable for the respondent to expect that the appellant's father was the appropriate person to exercise control over him and to ensure that he wore a seat belt.  He therefore found that there was no duty of care owed by the respondent to the appellant with respect to the use of the seat belt.  As a result the respondent could not be found to have been negligent.  The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment.

 

Held (Sopinka and Major JJ. dissenting):  The appeal should be allowed.

 

Per L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier and Cory JJ.:  A driver of a motor vehicle owes a duty of care to his passengers to take reasonable steps to prevent foreseeable injuries, and that duty of care extends to ensuring that passengers under 16 years of age wear their seat belts.  Passengers and drivers have a duty to ensure their own safety in a car by wearing seat belts, and a failure to do so will result in an assessment of contributory negligence.  Children under 16 require guidance and direction from parents and older persons, which must extend to ensuring that they wear their seat belts.  Two or more people may bear that responsibility, but one of those responsible must always be the driver of the car.  A driver taking children as passengers must accept some responsibility for the safety of those children.  The driving of a motor vehicle is a licensed activity that is subject to a number of conditions, and obligations and responsibilities flow from the right to drive.  Quite apart from any statutory provisions, the general public knowledge of the vital importance of seat belts as a safety factor requires a driver to ensure that young people make use of them.  While the requirement in the British Columbia Motor Vehicle Act that drivers ensure that passengers under age 16 wear their seat belts is subsumed in the general law of negligence, it can be taken as a public indication that the failure of a driver to ensure that children in the vehicle are wearing seat belts constitutes unreasonable conduct.  It may also be taken as indicating that such a failure on the part of the driver demonstrates conduct which falls below the standard required by the community and is thus negligent.

 

The duty of a driver to ensure that young passengers wear their seat belts is not negated by the presence of a parent in the car.  The presence of a parent may mean that the responsibility is shared but it cannot negate the duty owed by the driver to the passenger under the age of 16.  The relationship between driver and passenger is such that the driver's negligent actions or negligent failure to act can lead to injuries to the passengers.  Further, it is well established and clearly foreseeable that harm may well result from the failure to wear a seat belt just as much as it may result from negligent driving.

 

The trial judge and the Court of Appeal were in error in failing to recognize that the duty of care owed by the driver of the motor vehicle to young passengers continued to exist despite the presence of a parent in the vehicle.  That is an error of law that should be corrected by an appellate court.  The definition of the standard of care is a mixed question of law and fact that will be for the trial judge to determine.  The extent of the duty owed by the driver of a vehicle to a child passenger when a parent is present will undoubtedly vary with the circumstances.

 


Per La Forest J.:  The responsibility for ensuring that infant passengers use their seat belts must always be borne at least in part by the driver.  Not only is the driver in control of the vehicle; for purposes of distributing loss in the event of accident, the driver is most often the insured.  Here the respondent owed a duty of care to take some action concerning the appellant's use of a seat belt.  The standard of care owed is what kind of action was reasonable under all the circumstances, an issue that is for the trial judge to determine.  However, the mere fact that the respondent thought about the situation and then decided to do nothing is insufficient in law to meet that standard.

 

Per McLachlin J.:  The trial judge found no duty relationship between the respondent driver and the appellant, and this was an error of law.  His express words "I find there was no duty of care" are confirmed by the absence following this finding of the sort of analysis of all the facts and circumstances which is typical of determination of the standard of care.  The standard of care is for the trial judge to determine on the evidence, and may vary from case to case.  While, in general, insistence that passengers wear seat belts is a reasonable measure, circumstances may arise where a trial judge might conclude otherwise.

 

Per Sopinka and Major JJ. (dissenting):  While the respondent owed the appellant a duty of care, the courts below found such a duty and determined as a finding of fact that the standard of care imposed by that duty had been met.  The trial judge stated that he found there was no duty of care owed, but it is apparent in the context of the whole of his oral reasons that this statement was intended to refer to the standard, and not to the duty, of care.  The Court of Appeal, in confirming the trial judge's decision, also referred to the duty of care while meaning the standard.  The standard of care involves questions of law and fact, and the formulation and application of the standard may be influenced by the presence of a statutory obligation, as existed in this case.  Appellate courts must not interfere with findings of fact, whether by judge or jury, if there was evidence capable of supporting the decision, or unless there has been a palpable and overriding error.  Here the trial judge reached his conclusion after a careful review of the law and evidence.  As there is nothing in the record to suggest that he committed a palpable and overriding error, his decision is not subject to reversal on appeal.

 

APPEAL from a judgment of the British Columbia Court of Appeal (1992), 67 B.C.L.R. (2d) 190, 13 B.C.A.C. 143, 24 W.A.C. 143, affirming a decision of Harvey J. dismissing the appellant's action against the respondents Stauffer and Horvath.  Appeal allowed, Sopinka and Major JJ. dissenting.

 

Romano F. Giusti, for the appellant.

 

Avon M. Mersey and Michael J. Sobkin, for the respondents Erich Stauffer and Florence Horvath.

 

Solicitors for the appellant:  Giusti, Barrett & Ellan, Vancouver.

 

Solicitors for the respondents Erich Stauffer and Florence Horvath:  Russell & DuMoulin, Vancouver.

 

Solicitors for the respondents Columcille O'Donnell and Bourgoin Contracting Ltd.:  Heather Sadler Jenkins, Prince George, B.C.

 

Solicitors for the respondents Mala Galaske and Theresa Margarette Galaske:  Messner & Foster, 100 Mile House, B.C.

 

 

Présents:  Les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin et Major.

 

Responsabilité délictuelle ‑‑ Négligence ‑‑ Véhicules automobiles ‑‑ Ceintures de sécurité ‑‑ Obligation de diligence ‑‑ Enfant de huit ans blessé dans un accident de la circulation ‑‑ L'enfant ne portait pas de ceinture de sécurité au moment de l'accident ‑‑ L'obligation générale de diligence qu'a le conducteur d'un véhicule envers les passagers comprend‑elle l'obligation de prendre des mesures raisonnables pour s'assurer qu'un passager de moins de 16 ans porte la ceinture de sécurité? ‑‑ Dans l'affirmative, est‑il libéré de cette obligation par la présence de l'un des parents de l'enfant?

 


L'appelant, qui avait huit ans à l'époque, est allé avec son père rendre visite à l'intimé S., un ami de la famille.  Il a été décidé que l'intimé les emmènerait dans sa camionnette neuve voir son potager situé à environ un mille et demi de chez lui.  La camionnette était munie de ceintures de sécurité pour tous ceux qui s'asseyaient sur la banquette avant.  L'appelant occupait la place du milieu, entre son père et l'intimé.  L'intimé n'a pas demandé à ses passagers d'attacher leur ceinture de sécurité parce qu'il ne tenait pas à empiéter sur les *responsabilités paternelles+ de son ami.  Il a convenu volontiers que, si le jeune appelant s'était trouvé seul avec lui dans le véhicule, il aurait insisté pour qu'il porte la ceinture de sécurité.  Il a convenu en outre qu'il connaissait l'importance des ceintures sur le plan de la sécurité.  Pour se rendre au potager, l'intimé devait suivre un trajet qui l'obligeait à traverser une intersection qu'il savait dangereuse.  À cette intersection, sans aucune faute de sa part, la camionnette a été heurtée par un autre véhicule.  Par suite de la collision, les deux passagers ont été projetés à l'extérieur de la camionnette.  Le père est décédé et l'enfant a subi de graves blessures qui l'ont rendu paraplégique.  Il était évident, d'après la preuve, que, s'ils avaient attaché leur ceinture, ni l'un ni l'autre passager n'aurait été gravement blessé.  Le juge de première instance a conclu qu'il était raisonnable que l'intimé croie qu'il appartenait au père de l'enfant de le surveiller et de voir à ce qu'il attache sa ceinture de sécurité.  Il a donc décidé que l'intimé n'avait envers l'appelant aucune obligation de diligence en ce qui concerne le port de la ceinture de sécurité.  Il était en conséquence impossible de conclure à la négligence de l'intimé.  La Cour d'appel a confirmé le jugement.

 

Arrêt (les juges Sopinka et Major sont dissidents):  Le pourvoi est accueilli.

 

Les juges L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier et Cory:  Le conducteur d'un véhicule automobile a envers ses passagers une obligation de prendre des mesures raisonnables pour prévenir les blessures prévisibles, et cette obligation de diligence comporte celle de s'assurer que les passagers de moins de 16 ans portent leur ceinture de sécurité.  Les passagers et les conducteurs ont l'obligation d'assurer leur propre sécurité en attachant leur ceinture lorsqu'ils prennent place dans une automobile, et quiconque omet de le faire s'expose à une conclusion de négligence contributive.  Les enfants âgés de moins de 16 ans ont besoin des conseils et de la surveillance de leurs parents et aînés, ce qui doit comprendre le fait de voir à ce que la ceinture de sécurité des moins de 16 ans soit bien attachée.  Cette obligation peut incomber à plusieurs personnes, au nombre desquelles se trouve toujours, cependant, le conducteur de l'automobile.  Le conducteur qui prend des enfants comme passagers doit endosser une certaine responsabilité en ce qui concerne leur sécurité.  Conduire un véhicule automobile est une activité qui tient à la possession d'un permis et qui est assujettie à certaines conditions, et du droit de conduire procèdent des obligations et des responsabilités.  Tout à fait indépendamment des dispositions législatives qui peuvent exister, puisque le grand public connaît généralement l'importance capitale de ces ceintures du point de vue de la sécurité, il incombe au conducteur de voir à ce que les jeunes s'en servent.  Bien que l'exigence que la Motor Vehicle Act de la Colombie‑Britannique impose aux conducteurs de s'assurer que les passagers de moins de 16 ans portent leur ceinture de sécurité soit subsumée sous les règles de droit générales en matière de négligence, on peut y voir une indication publique que constitue une conduite déraisonnable l'omission par le conducteur de s'assurer que les enfants bouclent leur ceinture de sécurité.  On peut voir également dans la loi une indication que pareille omission de la part du conducteur témoigne d'un comportement qui tombe en deçà de la norme exigée par la collectivité et qui est en conséquence négligent.

 

L'obligation du conducteur de veiller à ce que les jeunes passagers portent la ceinture de sécurité n'est pas écartée par la présence d'un des parents dans l'automobile.  La présence d'un des parents peut signifier que la responsabilité est partagée, mais elle n'écarte pas pour autant l'obligation du conducteur envers le passager de moins de 16 ans.  La relation entre le conducteur et le passager est telle que la négligence du conducteur, qu'elle se traduise par des actes ou par des omissions, peut entraîner des blessures pour les passagers.  De plus, il est bien établi et clairement prévisible qu'un préjudice peut résulter de l'omission de porter la ceinture de sécurité, de la même façon qu'il peut être occasionné par la négligence au volant.

 

C'est à tort que le juge de première instance et la Cour d'appel n'ont pas reconnu que l'obligation de diligence envers les jeunes passagers continue d'incomber au conducteur malgré la présence d'un des parents dans le véhicule.  Il s'agit là d'une erreur de droit que doit corriger un tribunal d'appel.  La définition de la norme de diligence est une question mixte de droit et de fait qu'il incombera au juge de première instance de déterminer.  L'étendue de l'obligation du conducteur d'un véhicule envers un enfant passager lorsqu'un des parents est présent variera sans doute selon les circonstances.

 

Le juge La Forest:  La responsabilité de veiller à ce que les passagers mineurs portent la ceinture de sécurité doit toujours revenir au conducteur, du moins en partie.  Non seulement il a la maîtrise du véhicule, mais, aux fins du partage des préjudices en cas d'accident, c'est le plus souvent lui l'assuré.  En l'espèce, l'intimé avait l'obligation de diligence de prendre certaines mesures au sujet du port d'une ceinture de sécurité par l'appelant.  La norme de diligence consiste dans le genre de mesures raisonnables à prendre dans les circonstances, question que doit trancher le juge de première instance.  Toutefois, le simple fait que l'intimé ait pensé à la situation et décidé alors de ne rien faire ne suffit pas en droit pour conclure au respect de la norme.

 

Le juge McLachlin:  Le juge de première instance a conclu que le conducteur intimé n'avait pas d'obligation envers l'appelant, et c'était une erreur de droit.  Les termes exprès employés par lui, [traduction] *je conclus que [. . .] n'avait aucune obligation de diligence+, se trouvent confirmés par l'absence, à la suite de la conclusion qu'il n'y avait aucune obligation, du genre d'analyse des faits et circonstances qui est typique de l'examen de la norme de diligence.  C'est au juge de première instance qu'il incombe de se prononcer sur la norme de diligence compte tenu de la preuve, et cela peut varier selon les cas.  Bien qu'en général il soit raisonnable d'insister pour que les passagers portent la ceinture de sécurité, il peut se présenter des cas où le juge de première instance pourrait arriver à une autre conclusion.

 


Les juges Sopinka et Major (dissidents):  L'intimé avait bien une obligation de diligence envers l'appelant, mais les juridictions inférieures ont conclu à l'existence d'une telle obligation et ont déterminé, comme conclusion de fait, que la norme de diligence imposée par cette obligation avait été respectée.  Le juge de première instance a déclaré avoir conclu qu'il n'existait aucune obligation de diligence, mais il est manifeste dans le contexte général des motifs exprimés à l'audience qu'il voulait parler de la norme, et non pas de l'obligation, de diligence.  Lorsque la Cour d'appel a confirmé la décision du juge de première instance, elle a également fait allusion à l'obligation de diligence tout en voulant parler de la norme.  La norme de diligence met en jeu des questions de droit et de fait, et l'existence d'une obligation formulée dans un texte de loi comme en l'espèce peut influer sur l'énoncé et l'application de cette norme.  Les cours d'appel ne doivent pas modifier les conclusions de fait d'un juge ou d'un jury s'il y avait des éléments de preuve pouvant étayer la décision, ou à moins qu'il y ait eu une erreur manifeste et dominante.  En l'espèce, le juge de première instance est arrivé à sa conclusion après un examen approfondi du droit et de la preuve.  Comme rien dans le dossier ne laisse supposer qu'il ait commis une erreur manifeste et dominante, sa décision n'est pas susceptible d'être infirmée en appel.

 

POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de la Colombie‑Britannique (1992), 67 B.C.L.R. (2d) 190, 13 B.C.A.C. 143, 24 W.A.C. 143, qui a confirmé une décision du juge Harvey, qui avait rejeté l'action de l'appelant contre les intimés Stauffer et Horvath.  Pourvoi accueilli, les juges Sopinka et Major sont dissidents.

 

Romano F. Giusti, pour l'appelant.

 

Avon M. Mersey et Michael J. Sobkin, pour les intimés Erich Stauffer et Florence Horvath.

 

Procureurs de l'appelant:  Giusti, Barrett & Ellan, Vancouver.

 

Procureurs des intimés Erich Stauffer et Florence Horvath:  Russell & DuMoulin, Vancouver.

 

Procureurs des intimées Columcille O'Donnell et Bourgoin Contracting Ltd.:  Heather Sadler Jenkins, Prince George (C.‑B).

 

Procureurs des intimées Mala Galaske et Theresa Margarette Galaske:  Messner & Foster, 100 Mile House (C.‑B.)

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


Her Majesty the Queen v. Eugene Paul Power (Crim.)(Nfld.)(23566)

Indexed as:  R. v. Power / Répertorié:  R. c. Power

Judgment rendered April 14, 1994 / Jugement rendu le 14 avril 1994

                                                                                                                                             

 

Present:  La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin and Major JJ.

 

Courts ‑‑ Residual discretion of appellate court on appeal from acquittal where error at trial reasonably capable of affecting the verdict ‑‑ Criminal Code  providing for upholding the acquittal or ordering new trial ‑‑ Charge of impaired driving causing death and injury ‑‑ Proof of impaired driving required to found charge ‑‑ Crown declining to call further evidence when breathalyzer evidence found inadmissible for alleged Charter violation ‑‑ Accused acquitted ‑‑ Evidence found to be wrongly excluded on appeal ‑‑ Court of Appeal upholding acquittal and refusing to order new trial ‑‑ Whether, on a trial by judge and jury, s. 686(4)  of the  Criminal Code  (dealing with the power of courts of appeal on appeals from acquittals either to uphold the acquittal or to order a new trial) includes a residual discretion for a court of appeal to refuse to order a new trial where there was an error at trial which could reasonably have affected the verdict ‑‑ Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46, s. 686(4) .

 

Criminal law -- Appeal from acquittal -- Courts ‑‑ Residual discretion of appellate court on appeal from acquittal where error at trial reasonably capable of affecting the verdict ‑‑ Criminal Code  providing for upholding the acquittal or ordering new trial ‑‑ Charge of impaired driving causing death and injury ‑‑ Proof of impaired driving required to found charge ‑‑ Crown declining to call further evidence when breathalyzer evidence found inadmissible for alleged Charter violation ‑‑ Accused acquitted ‑‑ Evidence found to be wrongly excluded on appeal ‑‑ Court of Appeal upholding acquittal and refusing to order new trial ‑‑ Whether, on a trial by judge and jury,  s. 686(4)  of the  Criminal Code  (dealing with the power of courts of appeal on appeals from acquittals either to uphold the acquittal or to order a new trial) includes a residual discretion for a court of appeal to refuse to order a new trial where there was an error at trial which could reasonably have affected the verdict.

 

Respondent was charged with impaired driving following a motor vehicle collision where one of his passengers was killed and another two injured.  The constable attending at the accident advised respondent of his s. 10  Charter rights to be promptly informed of the reasons for his arrest and to retain and instruct counsel.  He then formally demanded a breathalyzer sample from respondent who smelled of alcohol and was staggering.  The constable in charge of respondent at the police station inquired as to whether he understood his right to contact counsel and helped him to do so.  Both respondent and his lawyer knew that one of the passengers had died at the time of their first telephone consultation.  After the consultation, respondent initially refused to provide a breath sample but relented when advised by the police that he would be charged with refusing to provide a sample.  The lawyer and respondent consulted again before a second breath sample was taken.

 

At trial, respondent's lawyer objected to the admission of the results of the breath samples on the ground that the police had violated respondent's s. 10  Charter rights.  The trial judge, on a voir dire, concluded respondent's Charter rights had been violated because he had not been made aware of the extent of the jeopardy which he faced before his consultation with his lawyer.  He decided that the evidence should be excluded under s. 24(2)  of the Charter for its admission would bring the admission of justice into disrepute.  Crown counsel declined to call further evidence and the trial judge charged the jury to acquit.  The Court of Appeal dismissed an appeal from the acquittal.  At issue here was whether, with respect to a verdict on a trial by judge and jury, s. 686(4)  of the  Criminal Code  (which deals with the power of courts of appeal on appeals from acquittals either to uphold the acquittal or to order a new trial) includes a residual discretion for a court of appeal to refuse to order a new trial where there was an error at trial which could reasonably have affected the verdict.

 

Held (Sopinka, Cory and Major JJ. dissenting):  The appeal should be allowed.

 

Per La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier and McLachlin JJ.:  No abuse of process occurred here.  Furthermore, s. 686(4)  of the Criminal Code  does not confer any discretion on a court of appeal other than the discretion to dismiss or allow an appeal.  As a matter of law, principle and policy, the court of appeal is not empowered to inquire into prosecutorial discretion.

 

In criminal cases, courts have a residual discretion to remedy an abuse of the court's process but only in the "clearest of cases" ‑‑ i.e., conduct which shocks the conscience of the community and is so detrimental to the proper administration of justice that it warrants judicial intervention.  The evidence must be overwhelming that the proceedings under scrutiny are unfair to the point that they are contrary to the interest of justice.  Since the Attorney General through his or her prosecutorial function expresses the community's sense of justice, the courts should be careful before attempting to "second‑guess" the prosecutor's motives when he or she makes a decision.  Where there is conspicuous evidence of improper motives or of bad faith or of an act so wrong that it violates the conscience of the community such that it would genuinely be unfair and indecent to proceed, then, and only then, should courts intervene to prevent an abuse of process which could bring the administration of justice into disrepute.  Cases of this nature will be extremely rare.


Here, the conduct of the prosecution did not meet the high threshold required to constitute an abuse of process.  There was no evidence that the Crown prosecutor's conduct was prompted by bad faith or an improper motive, nor did the prosecution intend to frustrate the administration of justice or even to circumvent the rules of criminal law regarding interlocutory appeals.  Misconduct of such a nature as to shock the community's sense of fairness or to warrant the application of the doctrine of abuse of process was not established by the Crown's decision not to adduce further evidence.

 

Section 686(4)  of the Criminal Code  does not confer a court of appeal with any discretion, however limited, beyond the general power to control its process in case of abuse.  The jurisprudence does not support such an extension of discretion and no policy consideration warrants such a broad interpretation of s. 686(4).  Quite the contrary.  It is contrary not only to the rule of law but also to the good and efficient administration of justice for the courts of appeal to invade the exclusive domain of the Crown and to interfere with prosecutorial discretion.  The courts' reluctance to interfere with prosecutorial discretion stems from the doctrine of separation of powers where the criminal law is in the domain of the executive.  Further, the judicial review of prosecutorial discretion could involve the Crown's disclosing the reasons underlying its conduct of a case.  Such disclosure could generate masses of documents for review, adversely affect the flexibility that derives from prosecutorial confidentiality, and involve the courts in potentially extensive exercises in "second‑guessing" a prosecutor's judgment in order to determine if the reasons behind his or her judgment were merely a subterfuge.  The Crown cannot function as a prosecutor before the court while also serving under its general supervision and the court, in turn, cannot both supervise the exercise of prosecutorial discretion and act as an impartial arbitrator of the case presented to it.  Even if a discretion to review prosecutorial decisions did exist, the Court of Appeal should have ordered a new trial.

 

The only evidence which the Court of Appeal could and did assess was the evidence presented at the voir dire and at the preliminary inquiry.  It is highly speculative to conjecture about the verdict based on this evidence.  Evidence led at a voir dire to establish admissibility does not assist in the determination of the innocence or guilt.  It does not touch upon the determination of guilt or innocence but rather deals with facts that have nothing to do with the commission of the offence, such as the means by which the relevant evidence was obtained.  On a preliminary hearing, the Crown has the discretion to present only that evidence which makes out a prima facie case.  Speculation about the verdict cannot serve as the basis for review of an exercise of prosecutorial discretion that falls short of an abuse of process.

 

The Court of Appeal should have ordered a new trial on the basis that the excluded evidence was crucial to the Crown's case.  Once the breathalyzer evidence was ruled inadmissible, any further evidence that might have been led would not necessarily have assisted the Crown in proving that the respondent's ability to drive was in fact impaired.  Without the breathalyzer evidence, the Crown in all probability would have been unable to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that respondent's ability to drive was impaired.  This element is crucial in cases of impaired driving causing death or bodily harm.  Furthermore, this evidence was of the utmost importance because it seemed that the respondent was raising alternative causes for the accident, such as road and weather conditions and the mechanical repair of the car.

 

Per Sopinka, Cory and Major JJ. (dissenting):  Although s. 686(4) of the Criminal Code  does not specify the grounds upon which a Crown appeal from acquittal may be taken, s. 676(1)(a) provides that an appeal lies from an acquittal on any ground that involves a question of law alone.  Their combined effect is that the Court of Appeal "may" allow the appeal.  This confers a discretion on the court which is not statutorily defined.  The Crown, notwithstanding an error of law, has the obligation of satisfying the Court of Appeal that the verdict would not necessarily have been the same absent the error.

 

Cases where the Crown calls all of its evidence can arguably differ from those where the Crown deliberately chooses to bring about a directed verdict by not calling available evidence.  The test in Vézeau v. The Queen for the exercise of the discretion conferred by s. 686(4) does not exhaust the definition of that discretion so as to preclude the Court, in appropriate circumstances, from adding to or qualifying the application of that test.  Jurisprudence supports a limited discretion on the part of the Court of Appeal to decline to allow an appeal in some circumstances where the Crown unreasonably shuts down its case with the result that a verdict of acquittal is directed.  Apart from the capacity to stay for abuse of process, an appellate court is entitled to consider whether the Crown has acted unreasonably in refusing to call further evidence at trial because of an adverse evidentiary ruling and can refuse to order a new trial in such circumstances.  The threshold requirement is that, apart from the evidence excluded, the Crown's case was sufficient to be put to the jury.  This threshold is met when the Crown's remaining evidence meets the essential elements of the offence, but the Crown chooses not to call that evidence.  The final determination will depend upon a weighing of other factors, including the relative strength of the evidence not called, the relative importance of the evidence excluded by the impugned ruling, the degree of prejudice which further proceedings present to the accused and the reasons for the decision of the Crown not to call further evidence.

 


As a general rule a decision to shut down the Crown's case simply to appeal an adverse ruling will be held to be unreasonable.  On the other hand, where the evidence which has been excluded is relatively important and the remaining evidence, although perhaps sufficient to make out a prima facie case, is so weak that the prosecutor concludes that continuing with the trial is a waste of time, a decision to terminate the proceedings may be reasonable.  Any special prejudice over and above prejudice that can be inferred from any prolongation of criminal proceedings will be, if proved, an important factor to be weighed by the Court of Appeal.  This discretion must be exercised sparingly.

 

In considering the other evidence which the appellant decided not to call, it is necessary to identify the elements of the offence in question and to consider whether the other evidence was sufficient to warrant putting the appellant's case to the jury.  In reaching this determination, the test to be applied is whether the other evidence, "if believed by a properly charged jury acting reasonably, would justify a conviction".  Here, to substantiate its case, the appellant would have to demonstrate that:  (i) the respondent was operating the vehicle in question; (ii) the respondent's ability to drive was impaired by alcohol; and, (iii) the impaired driving ability of the respondent caused the deaths and bodily harm which occurred.

 

The eye witnesses provided ample evidence of respondent's driving and could testify to a number of factors sufficient to establish his impaired state without resort to breathalyzer evidence.  The Crown, to prove causation, had to adduce sufficient evidence to demonstrate respondent's impairment was at least a contributing cause of death and injury, outside the de minimis range.  The issue of causation requires consideration of competing theories as to the explanation for occurrence of the accident which resulted in injury and death.  Impairment need not be shown to be the sole cause in order to convict, since it may well be that, even though a combination of factors was involved, impairment was still more than a de minimis cause of the death and injury which occurred.  Here, the additional evidence of impairment lent to the case by the breathalyzer would not have had a significant effect on the role played by road conditions and mechanical disrepair, nor was it essential to establishing the respondent's impairment.

 

APPEAL from a judgment of the Newfoundland Court of Appeal (1993), 105 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 271, 331 A.P.R. 271, 81 C.C.C. (3d) 1, 45 M.V.R. (2d) 214, dismissing an appeal from acquittal by Aylward J. sitting with jury.  Appeal allowed, Sopinka, Cory and Major JJ. dissenting.

 

Wayne Gorman, for the appellant.

 

David Orr, for the respondent.

 

Solicitor for the appellant:  Department of Justice, St. John's.

 

Solicitors for the respondent:  Noonan, Oakley, Orr, St. John's.

 

 

Présents:  Les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin et Major.

 

Tribunaux ‑‑ Pouvoir discrétionnaire résiduel d'une cour d'appel saisie d'un appel contre l'acquittement dans un cas où une erreur commise au procès peut raisonnablement être considérée comme influant sur le verdict ‑‑ Maintien de l'acquittement ou ordonnance de nouveau procès prévu au Code criminel  ‑‑ Accusation de conduite avec facultés affaiblies causant la mort et des lésions corporelles ‑‑ Preuve de conduite avec facultés affaiblies nécessaire pour fonder l'accusation ‑‑ Refus par le ministère public de produire d'autres éléments de preuve après que la preuve obtenue au moyen de l'alcootest ait été jugée inadmissible parce qu'il y aurait eu violation de la Charte ‑‑ Accusé acquitté ‑‑ En appel, preuve jugée avoir été écartée à tort ‑‑ Maintien par la Cour d'appel de l'acquittement et refus d'ordonner un nouveau procès ‑‑ Dans le cas d'un procès devant un juge et un jury, l'art. 686(4)  du Code criminel  (portant sur le pouvoir des cours d'appel saisies d'appels interjetés contre des acquittements de maintenir l'acquittement ou d'ordonner un nouveau procès) confère‑t‑il à la cour d'appel un pouvoir discrétionnaire résiduel de refuser d'ordonner un nouveau procès lorsque a été commise au procès une erreur pouvant raisonnablement être considérée comme influant sur le verdict? ‑‑ Code criminel, L.R.C. (1985), ch. C‑46, art. 686(4) .

 

Droit criminel ‑‑ Appel d'un acquittement ‑‑ Tribunaux ‑‑ Pouvoir discrétionnaire résiduel d'une cour d'appel saisie d'un appel contre l'acquittement dans un cas où une erreur commise au procès peut raisonnablement être considérée comme influant sur le verdict ‑‑ Maintien de l'acquittement ou ordonnance de nouveau procès prévu au Code criminel  ‑‑ Accusation de conduite avec facultés affaiblies causant la mort et des lésions corporelles ‑‑ Preuve de conduite avec facultés affaiblies nécessaire pour fonder l'accusation ‑‑ Refus du ministère public de produire d'autres éléments de preuve après que la preuve obtenue au moyen de l'alcootest ait été jugée inadmissible parce qu'il y aurait eu violation de la Charte ‑‑ Accusé acquitté ‑‑ En appel, preuve jugée avoir été écartée à tort ‑‑ Maintien pas la Cour d'appel de l'acquittement et refus d'ordonner un nouveau procès ‑‑ Dans le cas d'un procès devant un juge et un jury, l'art. 686(4)  du Code criminel  (portant sur le pouvoir des cours d'appel saisies d'appels interjetés contre des acquittements de maintenir l'acquittement ou d'ordonner un nouveau procès) confère‑t‑il à la cour d'appel un pouvoir discrétionnaire résiduel de refuser d'ordonner un nouveau procès lorsque a été commise au procès une erreur pouvant raisonnablement être considérée comme influant sur le verdict?

 


L'intimé a été accusé de conduite avec facultés affaiblies à la suite d'un accident de voiture dans lequel un de ses passagers a trouvé la mort et deux autres ont subi des blessures.  Le policier qui s'est rendu sur les lieux de l'accident a informé l'intimé de ses droits, aux termes de l'art. 10  de la Charte, d'être informé dans les plus brefs délais des motifs de son arrestation et d'avoir recours à l'assistance d'un avocat.  Il a ensuite demandé officiellement un échantillon d'haleine à l'intimé, qui sentait l'alcool et titubait.  Le policier à la garde duquel l'intimé avait été remis au poste de police lui a demandé s'il comprenait qu'il avait le droit de communiquer avec un avocat, et l'a aidé à le faire.  L'intimé et son avocat savaient tous les deux, lors de leur première conversation téléphonique, que l'un des passagers était décédé.  À la suite de la consultation, l'intimé a initialement refusé de fournir un échantillon d'haleine, mais s'est ravisé lorsque la police lui à fait savoir que cela donnerait lieu à une accusation de refus de fournir un échantillon.  L'intimé a de nouveau consulté son avocat avant qu'un second échantillon ne soit prélevé.

 

Au procès, l'avocat de l'intimé, faisant valoir que la police avait violé les droits de l'intimé garantis par l'art. 10  de la Charte, s'est opposé à ce que les résultats des alcootests soient admis en preuve.  Le juge du procès a conclu dans le cadre d'un voir‑dire qu'il y avait eu atteinte aux droits que la Charte garantit à l'intimé, du fait qu'on ne lui avait pas fait connaître, avant qu'il ne consulte son avocat, toute l'ampleur du risque auquel il s'exposait.  Il a décidé que la preuve devait être écartée en vertu du par. 24(2)  de la Charte parce que son utilisation était susceptible de déconsidérer l'administration de la justice.  Le substitut du procureur général a refusé de présenter d'autres éléments de preuve et le juge du procès a ordonné au jury de rendre un verdict d'acquittement.  La Cour d'appel a rejeté l'appel contre l'acquittement.  Il s'agit en l'espèce de savoir si, en ce qui concerne un verdict rendu à l'issue d'un procès devant un juge et un jury, le par. 686(4)  du Code criminel  (portant sur le pouvoir des cours d'appel saisies d'appels interjetés contre des acquittements de maintenir l'acquittement ou d'ordonner un nouveau procès) confère à la cour d'appel un pouvoir discrétionnaire résiduel de refuser d'ordonner un nouveau procès dans un cas où a été commise au procès une erreur pouvant raisonnablement être considérée comme influant sur le verdict.

 

Arrêt (les juges Sopinka, Cory et Major sont dissidents):  Le pourvoi est accueilli.

 

Les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier et McLachlin:  Aucun abus de procédure n'a été commis dans la présente affaire.  En outre, le par. 686(4)  du Code criminel  ne confère pas à une cour d'appel un pouvoir discrétionnaire autre que celui de rejeter ou d'accueillir un appel.  Ni en droit ni en principe, une cour d'appel n'est investie du pouvoir d'intervenir dans le pouvoir discrétionnaire de la poursuite.

 

Dans les affaires criminelles, les tribunaux ont un pouvoir discrétionnaire résiduel de remédier à un abus de la procédure de la cour, mais uniquement dans les *cas les plus manifestes+, c.‑à‑d. lorsqu'il y a un comportement qui choque la conscience de la collectivité et porte préjudice à l'administration régulière de la justice au point qu'il justifie une intervention des tribunaux.  Il doit y avoir une preuve accablante que les procédures examinées sont injustes au point qu'elles sont contraires à l'intérêt de la justice.  Puisque le procureur général, de par sa fonction de poursuivant, exprime le sens de justice de la collectivité, les tribunaux devraient être prudents avant de s'adonner à des conjectures rétrospectivement sur les motifs qui poussent le poursuivant à prendre une décision.  Si la preuve démontre clairement l'existence de motifs illégitimes, de mauvaise foi ou d'un acte si fautif qu'il viole la conscience de la collectivité à un point tel qu'il serait vraiment injuste et indécent de continuer, alors, et alors seulement, les tribunaux devraient intervenir pour empêcher un abus de procédure susceptible de déconsidérer l'administration de la justice.  Les cas de cette nature seront extrêmement rares.

 

En l'espèce, la poursuite n'a pas atteint le seuil élevé de l'abus de procédure.  Il n'y a aucune preuve que le comportement du substitut du procureur général ait été motivé par la mauvaise foi ou des motifs illégitimes.  La poursuite n'a pas tenté non plus de déjouer l'administration de la justice, ni même de contourner les règles de droit criminel en matière d'appels interlocutoires.  La décision du ministère public de ne présenter aucune autre preuve n'établit pas une inconduite de nature à choquer le sens de justice de la collectivité ou à justifier l'application de la doctrine de l'abus de procédure.

 


Le paragraphe 686(4)  du Code criminel  ne confère pas à une cour d'appel un pouvoir discrétionnaire, quelque restreint qu'il puisse être, autre que le pouvoir général de contrôler sa procédure en cas d'abus.  Un tel élargissement du pouvoir discrétionnaire n'est pas appuyé par la jurisprudence et aucune considération de principe ne justifie une interprétation aussi libérale du par. 686(4).  Loin de là.  Il est contraire non seulement à la primauté du droit, mais également à la bonne et efficace administration de la justice que les cours d'appel envahissent le domaine exclusif du ministère public et s'immiscent dans le pouvoir discrétionnaire de la poursuite.  La réticence des tribunaux à s'ingérer dans le pouvoir discrétionnaire de la poursuite tire son origine de la théorie du partage des pouvoirs, suivant laquelle le droit criminel relève du pouvoir exécutif.  De plus, le contrôle judiciaire du pouvoir discrétionnaire de la poursuite pourrait entraîner la divulgation par le ministère public des motifs qui sous‑tendent sa façon de poursuivre une instance.  Pareille divulgation pourrait engendrer des masses de documents à revoir, compromettre la flexibilité qui résulte de la confidentialité des décisions du poursuivant et entraîner les tribunaux à s'engager rétrospectivement dans de longues conjectures sur la décision du ministère public pour déterminer si les motifs avancés pour l'exercice de son jugement ne sont qu'un subterfuge.  Le ministère public ne peut fonctionner à titre de poursuivant devant le tribunal tout en étant également assujetti à sa surveillance générale.  Pour sa part, le tribunal ne peut à la fois superviser l'exercice du pouvoir discrétionnaire de la poursuite et agir à titre d'arbitre impartial de l'affaire qui lui est soumise.  Même s'il avait existé un pouvoir discrétionnaire de contrôler les décisions de la poursuite, la Cour d'appel aurait dû ordonner un nouveau procès.

 

La seule preuve que la Cour d'appel pouvait évaluer, et qu'elle a effectivement évaluée, était celle produite lors du voir‑dire et de l'enquête préliminaire.  Il est très spéculatif de faire des conjectures sur le verdict en se fondant sur cette preuve.  La preuve produite lors d'un voir‑dire pour établir l'admissibilité d'une preuve ne va pas à la détermination de l'innocence ou de la culpabilité.  Elle porte plutôt sur des faits qui n'ont rien à voir avec la perpétration de l'infraction, comme les moyens par lesquels la preuve en question a été obtenue.  À l'enquête préliminaire, le ministère public a la faculté de ne présenter que ce qui constitue une preuve suffisante à première vue.  Spéculer sur le verdict ne peut servir de fondement au contrôle de l'exercice du pouvoir discrétionnaire de la poursuite s'il n'y a pas abus de procédure.

 

La Cour d'appel aurait dû ordonner un nouveau procès pour le motif que la preuve écartée était d'une importance capitale pour le ministère public.  Une fois jugée inadmissible la preuve obtenue au moyen de l'alcootest, toute autre preuve qui aurait pu être présentée n'aurait pas nécessairement aidé le ministère public à établir que la capacité de conduire de l'intimé était effectivement affaiblie.  Sans la preuve obtenue au moyen de l'alcootest, le ministère public aurait fort probablement été incapable de prouver hors de tout doute raisonnable que la capacité de conduire de l'intimé était affaiblie.  Il s'agit là d'un élément déterminant dans les affaires de conduite avec facultés affaiblies causant la mort ou des blessures corporelles.  Par ailleurs, cette preuve était de la plus haute importance puisqu'il semble que l'intimé avançait d'autres causes de l'accident, comme l'état de la chaussée, les conditions atmosphériques et l'état de l'automobile.

 

Les juges Sopinka, Cory et Major (dissidents):  Bien que le par. 686(4)  du Code criminel  n'expose pas les moyens pouvant fonder un appel par le ministère public contre un verdict d'acquittement, l'al. 676(1)a) prévoit qu'appel peut être interjeté d'un acquittement pour tout motif qui comporte une question de droit seulement.  Il résulte de ces deux dispositions prises ensemble que la cour d'appel *peut+ accueillir l'appel.  Un pouvoir discrétionnaire est donc conféré à la cour, mais ce pouvoir n'est pas défini dans le texte législatif.  Même s'il y a eu erreur de droit, le ministère public est tenu de convaincre la cour d'appel que le verdict n'aurait pas nécessairement été le même en l'absence de l'erreur.

 

Il y a peut‑être une différence entre le cas où le ministère public présente la totalité de sa preuve et celui où il choisit délibérément de provoquer un verdict imposé en ne produisant pas des éléments de preuve dont il dispose.  Le critère établi dans l'arrêt R. c. Vézeau pour l'exercice du pouvoir discrétionnaire que confère le par. 686(4) ne définit pas exhaustivement ce pouvoir de manière à empêcher la Cour d'élargir ou de restreindre, le cas échéant, l'application de ce critère.  La jurisprudence appuie l'existence d'un pouvoir discrétionnaire limité détenu par la cour d'appel, dans l'exercice duquel celle‑ci peut refuser d'accueillir un appel dans certaines situations où le ministère public a déraisonnablement discontinué la présentation de sa preuve, entraînant ainsi un verdict imposé d'acquittement.  Les cours d'appel sont investies non seulement du pouvoir d'arrêter les procédures en cas d'abus de procédure, mais aussi du pouvoir d'examiner si le ministère public a agi déraisonnablement en refusant de produire d'autres éléments de preuve au procès par suite d'une décision défavorable sur une question de preuve et de celui de ne pas ordonner la tenue d'un nouveau procès en pareil cas.  Il faut, comme condition préliminaire, qu'indépendamment de la preuve écartée, le ministère public ait disposé d'une preuve suffisante pour qu'elle soit présentée au jury.  Cette condition aura été remplie lorsque cette autre preuve du ministère public établit l'existence des éléments essentiels de l'infraction, mais qu'il choisit de ne pas la produire.  La décision tiendra finalement à l'appréciation d'autres facteurs, dont la valeur probante relative des éléments de preuve non produits, l'importance relative de la preuve écartée par la décision attaquée, la gravité du préjudice qu'entraîneront pour l'accusé de nouvelles procédures et les motifs de la décision du ministère public de ne produire aucune autre preuve.

 

En règle générale, la décision du ministère public de discontinuer l'administration de sa preuve dans le seul but d'interjeter appel d'une décision défavorable sera jugée déraisonnable.  Par ailleurs, lorsque la preuve écartée est relativement importante et que les autres éléments de preuve, quoique peut‑être suffisants pour constituer une preuve prima facie, sont d'une valeur probante tellement faible que le poursuivant conclut à l'inutilité de continuer le procès, la décision de mettre fin à l'instance pourra être raisonnable.  La preuve d'un préjudice particulier en sus de celui pouvant s'inférer de la prolongation des procédures criminelles sera un facteur important à prendre en considération par la cour d'appel.  Celle‑ci doit exercer avec mesure son pouvoir discrétionnaire.

 

En examinant les autres éléments de preuve, que l'appelante a décidé de ne pas produire, il faut préciser les éléments de l'infraction en question et examiner si ces autres éléments de preuve étaient suffisants pour être présentés au jury.  Le critère à appliquer pour décider ce point est celui de savoir si les autres éléments de preuve, *s'il[s] étai[en]t accepté[s] par un jury ayant reçu des directives appropriées et agissant de manière raisonnable, justifierai[en]t une déclaration de culpabilité+.  En l'espèce, pour prouver la perpétration des infractions, l'appelante doit établir:  (i) que l'intimé conduisait le véhicule en question; (ii) que sa capacité de conduire était affaiblie par l'alcool, et (iii) que cet affaiblissement a causé le décès et les lésions corporelles en question.

 


Les témoins oculaires ont fourni amplement de preuves quant au fait que c'est l'intimé qui conduisait et auraient pu déposer concernant plusieurs circonstances qui auraient suffi pour établir l'affaiblissement de ses facultés, sans qu'il soit besoin de recourir à une preuve obtenue au moyen de l'alcootest.  Pour prouver la causalité, le ministère public devait produire une preuve suffisante pour démontrer que l'affaiblissement des facultés de l'intimé a à tout le moins contribué à la mort et aux lésions, de façon plus que mineure.  La question de la causalité exige l'examen de théories contradictoires avancées pour expliquer l'accident qui a causé des lésions corporelles et la mort.  Il n'est pas nécessaire, pour obtenir un verdict de culpabilité, de prouver que l'affaiblissement des facultés constituait l'unique cause, car il se peut bien que, même s'il y a eu un concours de plusieurs facteurs, l'affaiblissement ait tout de même été une cause plus que mineure de la mort et des lésions en question.  En l'espèce, la preuve supplémentaire de l'affaiblissement des facultés obtenue grâce à l'alcootest n'aurait pas influé sensiblement sur l'importance attachée à l'état de la route et au mauvais état du véhicule.  Elle n'était pas non plus indispensable pour établir l'affaiblissement des facultés de l'intimé.

 

POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de Terre‑Neuve (1993), 105 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 271, 331 A.P.R. 271, 81 C.C.C. (3d) 1, 45 M.V.R. (2d) 214, qui a rejeté l'appel interjeté contre l'acquittement prononcé par le juge Aylward siégeant avec jury.  Pourvoi accueilli, les juges Sopinka, Cory et Major sont dissidents.

 

Wayne Gorman, pour l'appelante.

 

David Orr, pour l'intimé.

 

Procureur de l'appelante:  Ministère de la Justice, St. John's.

 

Procureurs de l'intimé:  Noonan, Oakley, Orr, St. John's.

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       


Her Majesty the Queen v. Robert Howard Burns (Crim.)(B.C.)(23115)

Indexed as:  R. v. Burns / Répertorié:  R. c. Burns

Judgment rendered April 14, 1994 / Jugement rendu le 14 avril 1994

                                                                                                                                              

 

Present:  Lamer C.J. and La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major JJ.

 

Criminal law ‑‑ Powers of court of appeal -- Accused convicted of sexual offences on basis of complainant's testimony -- Convictions overturned on appeal ‑‑ Whether Court of Appeal exceeded proper limits of appellate review ‑‑ Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C‑46, s. 686(1) (a)(i).

 

Criminal law ‑‑ Sexual offences ‑‑ Evidence ‑‑ Credibility of witnesses ‑‑ Expert evidence ‑‑ Trial judge convicting accused on basis of complainant's testimony -- Convictions overturned on appeal ‑‑ Whether Court of Appeal erred in setting aside trial judge's conclusions on credibility ‑‑ Whether Court of Appeal erred in concluding that trial judge did not err in decisions on admissibility or use of evidence.

 

The accused was charged with sexual assault and indecent assault.  The complainant's mother had died when the complainant was four years old, leaving her to the care of her father, an admitted alcoholic.  She spent the next years living in a variety of arrangements, some of the time with her father.  The alleged assaults occurred when the complainant was either living with or visiting her father, who was a friend of the accused.  The complainant's allegations against the accused came to light after she had been charged with sexually abusing five young boys while baby‑sitting them.  While receiving counselling and psychological care as a result of these charges, she revealed that she herself had been sexually abused.  She testified at trial that she had told no one about the incidents at the time for fear of being disbelieved and losing her father.  The complainant's psychiatrist testified that the complainant was sexually abused and explained why he held that opinion.  The accused did not testify at trial.  He was convicted on both counts.  The Court of Appeal set aside the convictions and ordered a new trial.  In the court's view, the complainant's evidence was not overwhelming.  Without saying that the complainant should not have been believed, the court held that the accused was entitled to assume that the trial judge would either apply the doctrine of reasonable doubt to the evidence and acquit him, or at least explain why the evidence did not raise a reasonable doubt, something which the trial judge had not done.  This appeal is to determine whether the Court of Appeal erred in setting aside the trial judge's conclusion that the complainant was credible and in concluding that the trial judge did not err in his decisions on the admissibility or use of evidence.

 

Held:  The appeal should be allowed and the convictions restored.

 

In determining whether a trial judge's verdict is unreasonable or one that cannot be supported on the evidence, under s. 686(1) (a)(i) of the Criminal Code , a court of appeal is entitled to review the evidence, re‑examining it and re‑weighing it, but only for the purpose of determining if it is reasonably capable of supporting the trial judge's conclusion.  Provided this threshold test is met, the court is not to substitute its view for that of the trial judge or permit doubts it may have to persuade it to order a new trial.  The Court of Appeal in this case held that a finding of guilty might be "a perfectly acceptable result", and thus should not have set aside the trial judge's verdict.  Failure to indicate expressly that all relevant considerations have been taken into account in arriving at a verdict is not a basis for allowing an appeal.

 

The Court of Appeal was correct in holding that there was no merit in the accused's objections to certain evidentiary points at trial.  The psychiatrist's evidence as to sexual abuse suffered by the complainant was not unnecessary or unfair.  The general rule is that expert evidence is admissible to furnish the court with scientific information which is likely to be outside the experience and knowledge of the judge and jury, and the use of experts to explain human behaviour may fall within this rule.  The psychiatrist's relation of the history of abuse given to him by the complainant is not inadmissible as hearsay, since the statements in question were not tendered for the truth of their contents, but rather in support of his diagnosis of the complainant's mental state and his explanation of her behaviour.  Nor did his evidence violate the rule against oath‑helping since it was directed to legitimate purposes having nothing to do with whether the complainant was credible or not.

 

APPEAL from a judgment of the British Columbia Court of Appeal (1992), 74 C.C.C. (3d) 124, 15 B.C.A.C. 264, 27 W.A.C. 264, quashing the accused's convictions on charges of sexual assault and indecent assault and ordering a new trial.  Appeal allowed and convictions restored.

 

Alexander Budlovsky, for the appellant.

 

Henry S. Brown, Q.C., for the respondent.

 

Solicitor for the appellant:  Alexander Budlovsky, Vancouver.

 

Solicitor for the respondent:  Cram & Hood, Vancouver.


 

Présents:  Le juge en chef Lamer et les juges La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci et Major.

 

Droit criminel ‑‑ Pouvoirs d'une cour d'appel ‑‑ Accusé déclaré coupable d'infractions d'ordre sexuel sur la foi du témoignage de la plaignante ‑‑ Déclarations de culpabilité écartées en appel ‑‑ La Cour d'appel a‑t‑elle excédé les limites d'une révision en appel? ‑‑ Code criminel, L.R.C. (1985), ch. C‑46, art. 686(1) a)(i).

 

Droit criminel ‑‑ Infractions d'ordre sexuel ‑‑ Preuve ‑‑ Crédibilité de témoins ‑‑ Témoignage d'expert ‑‑ Juge du procès déclarant l'accusé coupable sur la foi du témoignage de la plaignante ‑‑ Déclarations de culpabilité écartées en appel ‑‑ La Cour d'appel a‑t‑elle commis une erreur en annulant les conclusions du juge du procès sur la crédibilité? ‑‑ La Cour d'appel a‑t‑elle commis une erreur en concluant que le juge du procès n'a pas commis d'erreur en statuant sur l'admissibilité ou sur l'utilisation d'éléments de preuve?

 

L'accusé a été inculpé d'agression sexuelle et d'attentat à la pudeur.  À la mort de sa mère survenue quand elle avait quatre ans, la plaignante s'est retrouvée sous la garde de son père qui était un alcoolique notoire.  Pendant les années qui ont suivi, elle a vécu dans différents contextes, habitant chez son père pendant quelque temps.  Les agressions en question auraient été commises soit au moment où la plaignante vivait chez son père, soit au moment où elle lui a rendu visite.  Le père de la plaignante et l'accusé étaient amis.  Les allégations de la plaignante contre l'accusé se sont fait jour après qu'elle eut été accusée d'avoir abusé sexuellement de cinq jeunes garçons pendant qu'elle les gardait.  Pendant qu'elle bénéficiait de services de consultation et de psychologie à la suite de ces accusations, elle a révélé avoir été elle‑même victime d'abus sexuels.  Elle a témoigné au procès n'avoir parlé à personne de ces incidents à l'époque, parce qu'elle craignait de ne pas être crue et de perdre son père.  Le psychiatre de la plaignante a témoigné que celle‑ci avait été victime d'abus sexuels et il a expliqué pourquoi il était de cet avis.  L'accusé n'a pas témoigné au procès.  Il a été déclaré coupable à l'égard des deux chefs.  La Cour d'appel a annulé les déclarations de culpabilité et ordonné un nouveau procès.  Selon la Cour d'appel, le témoignage de la plaignante n'était pas accablant.  Sans dire qu'il n'y aurait pas eu lieu de croire la plaignante, la cour a conclu que l'accusé était en droit de présumer que le juge du procès appliquerait la règle du doute raisonnable à la preuve et l'acquitterait, ou encore qu'il expliquerait tout au moins pourquoi la preuve ne suscitait aucun doute raisonnable, ce que le juge du procès n'a pas fait.  Le présent pourvoi vise à déterminer si la Cour d'appel a commis une erreur en annulant la conclusion du juge du procès que la plaignante était crédible et en concluant que le juge du procès n'a pas commis d'erreur en statuant sur l'admissibilité ou sur l'utilisation d'éléments de preuve?

 

Arrêt:  Le pourvoi est accueilli et les déclarations de culpabilité sont rétablies.

 

Pour déterminer si le verdict du juge du procès est déraisonnable ou s'il s'agit d'un verdict qui ne peut s'appuyer sur la preuve, en vertu du sous‑al. 686(1)a)(i) du Code criminel , la cour d'appel a le droit de passer la preuve en revue, en la réexaminant et en la réévaluant, mais à seule fin de déterminer si elle peut raisonnablement justifier la conclusion du juge du procès.  Pourvu que l'on ait satisfait à ce critère préliminaire, la cour ne doit pas substituer son opinion à celle du juge du procès, ni prendre prétexte des doutes qu'elle peut avoir pour ordonner un nouveau procès.  En l'espèce, la Cour d'appel a conclu qu'une déclaration de culpabilité pouvait être *parfaitement acceptable+ et elle n'aurait donc pas dû annuler le verdict du juge du procès.  L'omission d'indiquer expressément que tous les facteurs pertinents ont été considérés pour en arriver à un verdict ne constitue pas une raison d'admettre un appel.

 

La Cour d'appel a eu raison de conclure qu'aucune des objections soulevées au procès par l'accusé relativement à des questions de preuve n'était fondée.  Le témoignage du psychiatre au sujet des abus sexuels dont avait été victime la plaignante n'était ni inutile ni injuste.  En règle générale, le témoignage d'expert est recevable pour donner à la cour des renseignements scientifiques qui, selon toute vraisemblance, dépassent l'expérience et la connaissance d'un juge ou d'un jury, et le recours à des experts pour expliquer le comportement humain peut être visé par cette règle.  La relation que le psychiatre a faite des mauvais traitements que la plaignante lui a dépeints n'est pas inadmissible pour le motif qu'elle constitue du ouï‑dire, étant donné que les déclarations en question ont été produites non pas pour attester la véracité de leur contenu, mais pour appuyer le diagnostic du psychiatre concernant l'état d'esprit de la plaignante et l'explication qu'il a donnée de son comportement.  Son témoignage n'a pas violé non plus la règle interdisant les témoignages justificatifs puisqu'il visait des fins légitimes qui n'avaient rien à voir avec la question de savoir si la plaignante était crédible ou non.

 

POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de la Colombie‑Britannique (1992), 74 C.C.C. (3d) 124, 15 B.C.A.C. 264, 27 W.A.C. 264, qui a annulé les déclarations de culpabilité de l'accusé relativement à des accusations d'agression sexuelle et d'attentat à la pudeur, et ordonné un nouveau procès.  Pourvoi accueilli et déclarations de culpabilité rétablies.

 

Alexander Budlovsky, pour l'appelante.

 

Henry S. Brown, c.r., pour l'intimé.

 


Procureur de l'appelante:  Alexander Budlovsky, Vancouver.

 

Procureur de l'intimé:  Cram & Hood, Vancouver.

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



WEEKLY AGENDA

 

ORDRE DU JOUR DE LA

SEMAINE


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 

AGENDA for the week beginning April 25, 1994.

ORDRE DU JOUR pour la semaine commençant le 25 avril 1994.

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 

Date of Hearing/                                                                  Case Number and Name/    

Date d'audition                                              NO.                Numéro et nom de la cause

 

25/04/94                                                         28                   Her Majesty The Queen in right of Canada et al. v. Reza (Ont.)(23361)

 

25/04/94                                                         12                   Her Majesty The Queen v. Mathew Oommen (Crim.)(Alta.)(23608)

 

26/04/94                                                         26                   Procureur général du Québec et al. c. Téléphone Guèvremont Inc. (Qué.)(23345)

 

27/04/94                                                         3                  Her Majesty The Queen v. Robert Lorne Heywood (Crim.)(B.C.)(23384)

 

27/04/94                                                         30                   D.R. v. Her Majesty The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.)(23685)

 

28/04/94                                                         18                   Andre Barclay Masters v. Georgia Annette Masters (Sask.)(22676)

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NOTE: 

 

This agenda is subject to change.  Hearing dates should be confirmed with Process Registry staff at (613) 996-8666.

 

Cet ordre du jour est sujet à modification.  Les dates d'audience devraient être confirmées auprès du personnel du greffe au (613) 996-8666.



SUMMARIES OF THE CASES

 

RÉSUMÉS DES AFFAIRES


 

                                                                                                                                               23361                      HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN and THE MINISTER OF EMPLOYMENT AND IMMIGRATION v. REZA

 

Constitutional law - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Administrative law - Courts - Jurisdiction - Interpretation - Availability of concurrent jurisdiction.

 

The Respondent Reza came to Canada from Iran in June 1987 and claimed protection as a Convention refugee on the ground that he feared political persecution.  His application was dismissed.  The Respondent then applied under s. 28  of the Federal Court Act , R.S.C. 1985, c. F-7 , to commence a proceeding to set aside the deportation order.  On January 9, 1991, the Federal Court of Appeal dismissed his application.

 

The Respondent's case was reviewed for humanitarian and compassionate considerations several times.  All applications were dismissed.  After his last application was refused, the Respondent unsuccessfully sought to have the Federal Court, Trial Division, quashed the officer's decision under s. 18  of the Federal Court Act .  On January 7, 1992, the Federal Court, Trial Division, dismissed the Respondent's leave application.

 

The Respondent subsequently brought an application in the Ontario Court (General Division) for a declaration that:

 

(a)                    the credible basis hearing under s. 43(1) of the Transitional Provisions and consequent sections of the Immigration Act violated s. 7  of the Charter and that, therefore, the relevant sections were inoperative and the consequent deportation order was invalid;

 

(b)                    section 82.1 of the Immigration Act ... and s. 82.2 ... violate ss. 7 , 15  and 24(1)  of the Charter and violate s. 2(e) of the Bill of Rights; and

 

(c)                     removal of the [Respondent] to Iran would violate the principles of fundamental justice and would further violate s. 12  of the Charter.

 

The Respondent also brought a motion for an interlocutory injunction under the Courts of Justice Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. 43, restraining the Minister of Employment and Immigration from removing him from Canada pending the final disposition of the Respondent's application for declaratory relief.

 

The Appellants took the position before the Ontario Court (General Division) that the Court, in its discretion, should decline to exercise its jurisdiction on the ground that it is more appropriate for a constitutional challenge to sections of the Immigration Act to be heard in the Federal Court.  Ferrier J. granted the Appellants' motion to stay the Respondent's application for declaratory and injunctive relief.  The deportation order was stayed by Galligan J.A. pending disposition of the Respondent's appeal to the Court of Appeal for Ontario.  The Appellants subsequently consented to the issuance of an interlocutory injunction prohibiting the Minister of Employment and Immigration from removing the Respondent from Canada until final disposition of the matters raised in the application.  On October 30, 1992, the Court of Appeal for Ontario allowed the Respondent's appeal and ordered that the order of Ferrier J. be set aside.

 

 

Origin of the case:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ontario

 

File Number:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      23361

 

Judgment of the Court of Appeal:                                                                                                                                                                                                                         October 30, 1992

 

Counsel:                                                                                                                                                                                                                 J.E. Thompson, Q.C. and Donald A. MacIntosh

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         for the Appellants

                                                                                                                                                                                                         Barbara Jackman and Marlys Edwardh for the Respondent

 


23361         SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE ET LE MINISTRE DE L'EMPLOI ET DE L'IMMIGRATION c. REZA

 

Droit constitutionnel -- Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  -- Droit administratif - Tribunaux -- Compétence -- Interprétation -- Possibilité de recours à une cour ayant compétence concurrente.

 

L'intimé Reza est arrivé au Canada, venant d'Iran, en juin 1987 et a demandé le statut de réfugié au sens de la Convention pour le motif qu'il craignait la persécution politique. Sa demande a été rejetée. L'intimé a alors demandé l'autorisation, en vertu de l'article 28  de la Loi sur la Cour fédérale , L.R.C. (1985), ch. F-7 , d'intenter une procédure visant à faire annuler l'ordonnance de renvoi. Le 9 janvier 1991, la Cour d'appel fédérale a rejeté sa demande.

 

Le dossier de l'intimé a été réexaminé pour des motifs de compassion à plusieurs reprises. Après que sa dernière demande eût été rejetée, l'intimé a demandé, sans succès, à la Section de première instance de la Cour fédérale, en vertu de l'article 18  de la Loi sur la Cour fédérale , de casser la décision du fonctionnaire. Le 7 janvier 1992, la Section de première instance de la Cour fédérale a rejeté la demande d'autorisation de l'intimé.

 

L'intimé a ensuite présenté une demande à la Cour de l'Ontario (Division générale) en vue d'obtenir un jugement déclaratoire portant sur :

 

a)                     l'audience en vue de vérifier le minimum de fondement de la revendication visée au par. 43(1) des dispositions transitoires et les articles applicables de la Loi sur l'immigration violent l'art. 7  de la Charte et, qu'en conséquence, les articles en cause sont inopérants et, par voie de conséquence, l'ordonnance de renvoi est nulle;

 

b)                     les articles 82.1 et 82.2 ... de la Loi sur l'immigration ... violent les art. 7 , 15  et le par. 24(1)  de la Charte et l'al. 2e) de la Déclaration canadienne des droits, et

 

c)                      le renvoi de l'intimé en Iran violerait les principes de justice fondamentale en plus de violer l'art. 12  de la Charte.

 

L'intimé a aussi présenté une demande d'injonction interlocutoire en vertu de la Loi sur les tribunaux judiciaires L.R.O. (1990), ch. C-43, visant à interdire au ministre de l'Emploi et de l'Immigration de le renvoyer du Canada jusqu'à la décision définitive de la demande de jugement déclaratoire de l'intimé.

 

Les appelants ont fait valoir devant la Cour de l'Ontario (Division générale) que la cour devrait, usant de son pouvoir discrétionnaire, refuser d'exercer sa compétence discrétionnaire pour le motif qu'il conviendrait davantage que la contestation constitutionnelle de dispositions de la Loi sur l'immigration soit portée devant la Cour fédérale. Le juge Ferrier a accordé aux appelants leur requête visant à suspendre la demande de jugement déclaratoire et d'injonction de l'intimé. Le juge Galligan, de la Cour d'appel a suspendu l'exécution de l'ordonnance de renvoi jusqu'à la décision de l'appel de l'intimé par la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario. Les appelants ont, par la suite, consenti à la délivrance d'une injonction interlocutoire empêchant le ministre de l'Emploi et de l'Immigration de renvoyer l'intimé du Canada jusqu'à la décision définitive des questions soulevées dans la demande de ce dernier. Le 30 octobre 1992, la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario a accueilli l'appel de l'intimé et annulé l'ordonnance du juge Ferrier.

 

Origine de la cause:                                  Ontario

 

No du greffe:                                                                     23361

 

Date de l'arrêt:                                                                Le 30 octobre 1992

 

Avocats:                                                       J.E. Thompson, c.r. et Donald A. MacIntosh pour les appelants                     

Barbara Jackman et Marlys Edwardh pour l'intimé                          


23608            HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN v. MATHEW OOMMEN

 

Criminal law - Defence - Evidence - Interpretation - Insanity - Section 16(1)  of the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46  - Respondent convicted of murder after trial where defence of insanity not fully canvassed - Respondent suffering from paranoid delusions and killing victim because of fear of being killed by her - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in holding that the trial judge erred in law in failing to consider evidence of a delusion caused by mental disorder which may give rise to a justification for the killing - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in holding that s. 16(1) embodies a defence of "incapacity to apply knowledge" because of a delusion caused by a mental disorder.  

 

The Respondent was charged with murder after he shot and killed, without any apparent motive, a friend at his apartment in the early hours of the morning.  The Respondent suffers from, and has for a number of years, a mental disorder described as a psychosis of a paranoid delusional type.  He has a false and fixed belief that he is the butt of a conspiracy or other situation that endangers him.  The Respondent's specific belief about the present events was that members of a local union had conspired to destroy him.  One psychiatrist testified at trial that the Respondent's disease produced the specific idea that his assailants had incorporated the victim and had given her the commission to kill him.  On the night in question, he believed that while alone in his apartment with the victim, he was obligated to kill her or else she would kill him.  He shot her as she was sleeping on a mattress on the floor.  At trial it was also stated that the Respondent believed that members of the conspiracy had surrounded his apartment building that night and that they intended to move in on him and kill him.  Further, it was established that the Respondent called a taxi dispatcher several times to request the police, possibly after the killing.  Somebody rang the buzzers of all the apartments, which the Respondent in his statement indicated was the signal for the victim to kill.  One tenant, wakened by the doorbell, saw the Respondent outside the building twice soon afterwards.  Another, also wakened by this, went out into the hall and met the Respondent who reported the killing and asked for police help.  The Respondent was found guilty by a judge sitting without a jury after the Applicant had raised the defence contained in s. 16(1)  of the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46 .  The Respondent's appeal was allowed by the Court of Appeal who ordered a new trial.

 

The following are the issues raised in this appeal:

 

1.                     Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in holding that the trial judge erred in law in failing to consider evidence of a delusion caused by mental disorder which may give rise to a justification for the killing.

 

2.                     Whether the Court of Appeal erred in law in holding that s. 1691) embodies a defence of "incapacity to apply knowledge" because of a delusion caused by mental disorder.

 

Origin of the case:                                                             Alberta

 

File No.                                                                                 23608

 

Judgment of the Court of Appeal:                               April 8, 1993

 

Counsel:                                                                               Paul C. Bourque, agent for the Attorney General for the Appellant

Mona Duckett for the Respondent


23608            SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE c. MATHEW OOMMEN

 

Droit criminel - Moyen de défense - Preuve - Interprétation - Aliénation mentale - Paragraphe 16(1)  du Code criminel , L.R.C. (1985), ch. C‑46  - Intimé reconnu coupable de meurtre à la suite d'un procès où la défense d'aliénation mentale n'a pas été examinée minutieusement - Intimé souffrant d'idées délirantes paranoïdes et ayant tué la victime parce qu'il craignait d'être tué par elle - La Cour d'appel a‑t‑elle commis une erreur de droit en statuant que le juge du procès a commis une erreur de droit en ne tenant pas compte de la preuve de l'existence d'idées délirantes provoquées par des troubles psychiques, qui peuvent justifier le meurtre? - La Cour d'appel a‑t‑elle commis une erreur de droit en statuant que le par. 16(1) renferme une défense d'*incapacité d'appliquer ses connaissances+ à cause d'idées délirantes provoquées par des troubles psychiques?

 

L'intimé a été accusé de meurtre après avoir tué, sans motif apparent, une amie dans son appartement tôt le matin.  L'intimé souffre, et ce depuis un certain nombre d'années, de troubles psychiques décrits comme une psychose de type délirant et paranoïde.  Il a une idée fixe et fausse selon laquelle il est la cible d'un complot ou d'une autre situation qui lui fait courir un danger.  En ce qui concerne les présents événements, l'intimé croyait précisément que des membres d'un syndicat local avaient comploté en vue de le supprimer.  Un psychiatre a témoigné au procès que la maladie de l'intimé avait engendré chez lui l'idée précise que ses agresseurs avaient pris la victime dans leur groupe et lui avaient donné l'ordre de le tuer.  La nuit en question, il a cru que, pendant qu'il se trouvait seul dans son appartement avec la victime, il devait la tuer, sinon elle le tuerait.  Il l'a abattue au moment où elle dormait sur un matelas posé sur le plancher.  Au procès, il a été dit également que l'intimé croyait que des comploteurs avaient cerné cette nuit‑là l'immeuble où il demeurait et qu'ils avaient l'intention de venir le tuer.  De plus, il a été établi que l'intimé a téléphoné plusieurs fois au répartiteur d'une compagnie de taxi pour rejoindre la police, peut‑être après le meurtre.  Quelqu'un a actionné la sonnette de tous les appartements, ce qui, aux dires de l'intimé dans sa déclaration, constituait le signal convenu pour que la victime le tue.  Un locataire, réveillé par la sonnette, a vu l'intimé à l'extérieur de l'édifice à deux reprises un peu plus tard.  Un autre, qui avait été réveillé aussi par ce bruit, est sorti dans le corridor et a rencontré l'intimé qui a signalé le meurtre et demandé l'aide de la police.  L'intimé a été reconnu coupable par un juge seul, après avoir soulevé le moyen de défense prévu à l'art. 16(1)  du Code criminel , L.R.C. (1985), ch. C‑46 .  La Cour d'appel a accueilli l'appel de l'intimé et a ordonné la tenue d'un nouveau procès.

 

Voici les questions soulevées dans le présent pourvoi:

 

1.                     La Cour d'appel a‑t‑elle commis une erreur de droit en statuant que le juge du procès a commis une erreur de droit en ne tenant pas compte de la preuve de l'existence d'idées délirantes provoquées par des troubles psychiques, qui pourraient justifier le meurtre?

 

2.                     La Cour d'appel a‑t‑elle commis une erreur de droit en statuant que le par. 16(1) renferme une défense d'*incapacité d'appliquer ses connaissances+ à cause d'idées délirantes provoquées par des troubles psychiques?

 

 

Origine:                                                         Alberta

 

No du greffe:                                                                       23608

 

Arrêt de la Cour d'appel:                                                 le 8 avril 1993

 

Avocats:                                                       Paul C. Bourque, représentant du procureur général pour l'appelante

Mona Duckett pour l'intimé


23345                                    Attorney General of Quebec, Régie des télécommunications du Québec

and André Dufour and Jean‑Marc Demers v. Téléphone Guèvremont Inc.

 

Constitutional law - Administrative law - Division of powers - Jurisdiction -

 

The respondent Téléphone Guèvremont operates a telephone system serving some 5,400 subscribers in two municipalities and in certain adjoining territories.  Prior to this litigation, the respondent was responsible to the Régie des services publics and, since November 1988, to the appellant Régie des télécommunications du Québec ("the Régie").  Its tariff was determined according to the rates imposed by the appellant for its basic services and for the use of its equipment and Bell Canada equipment, with whom it had concluded service contracts.  Through its contracts with Bell Canada and certain co‑operative agreements at the national and international levels, the respondent offered its subscribers all the services of a modern telephone system.  Although it only had local facilities it was able, by using physical organizational mechanisms such as on‑line access, to offer its subscribers local, interprovincial and international telecommunications services.

 

As a consequence of an order made against the respondent by the Régie on May 7, 1990 the respondent filed a motion in evocation in the Superior Court in support of which were made constitutional and administrative law arguments.  The constitutional law arguments were that the Régie lacked constitutional jurisdiction over the telecommunications system operated by the respondent in Quebec.  As its administrative law arguments, the respondent submitted that the Régie's decision was vitiated by serious errors involving jurisdiction and excess of jurisdiction.  The respondent claimed that it was covered by s. 92(10) (a) of the Constitution Act, 1867  and came under the jurisdiction of Parliament and so of the Canadian Radio‑Television and Telecommunications Commission pursuant to the Railway Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. R‑2 .

 

On July 26, 1991 the Superior Court allowed the respondent's constitutional law arguments but did not rule on the administrative law arguments.  On December 8, 1992 the Quebec Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal by the Régie and the Attorney General of Quebec and affirmed the Superior Court judgment.  The Supreme Court of Canada granted leave to appeal.  On September 1, 1993 the Chief Justice formulated the following constitutional question:

 

Is Téléphone Guèvremont Inc. a work or undertaking within the legislative authority held by the Parliament of Canada pursuant to ss. 91(29) and 92(10)(a), the preamble to s. 91 or any other provision of the Constitution Act, 1867 ?

 

Origin of case:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Quebec

 

File No.:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                23345

 

Date of Court of Appeal judgment:                                                                                                                                                                                                                    December 8, 1992

 

Counsel:                                                                                                                                                                                                 Alain Gingras and Luc Chamberland for the appellants

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 André Joli-Coeur and Louis Masson for the respondent


 

23345            Le Procureur général du Québec, Régie des télécommunications du Québec et André Dufour et Jean-Marc Demers c. Téléphone Guèvremont Inc.

 

Droit constitutionnel - Droit administratif - Partage des pouvoirs - Compétence -

 

L'intimée Téléphone Guèvremont opère un réseau téléphonique desservant environ 5 400 abonnés dans deux municipalités ainsi que dans certains territoires voisins de celles-ci.  Avant le présent litige, l'intimée relevait de la Régie des services publics et, depuis novembre 1988, de l'appelante, la Régie des télécommunications du Québec (la Régie).  Elle utilisait un tarif établi selon des taux imposés par l'appelante pour ses services de base et pour l'utilisation de son propre équipement et de l'équipement de Bell Canada avec laquelle elle a conclu des contrats de service.  Par ses contrats avec Bell Canada et certains accords de coopération au plan national et international, l'intimée offre à ses abonnés tous les services d'une entreprise moderne de téléphonie.  Bien qu'elle ne possède que des installations locales, elle peut grâce à des mécanismes organisationnels physiques, comme l'interconnexion, offrir à ses abonnés des services de télécommunication locale, interprovinciale et internationale.

 

Par suite d'une ordonnance que rend la Régie contre l'intimée le 7 mai 1990, celle-ci présente en Cour supérieure une requête en évocation au soutien de laquelle elle fait valoir des moyens de droit constitutionnel et de droit administratif.  Les moyens de droit constitutionnels portent que la Régie est sans compétence constitutionnelle sur l'entreprise de télécommunications que l'intimée exploite au Québec.  L'intimée fait valoir comme moyens de droit administratif que la décision de la Régie est entachée d'erreurs graves portant atteinte à la compétence et d'excès de compétence.  L'intimée prétend être visée par l'alinéa 92 (10) a) de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867  et relever de la compétence du Parlement, et donc du Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des télécommunications canadiennes, en application de la Loi sur les chemins de fer, L.R.C. (1985), ch. R-2 .

 

Le 26 juillet 1991, la Cour supérieure donne raison à l'intimée quant aux moyens de droit constitutionnel, mais ne se prononce pas sur les moyens de droit administratif.  Le 8 décembre 1992, la Cour d'appel du Québec rejette l'appel interjeté par la Régie et le procureur général du Québec et confirme le jugement de la Cour supérieure.  la Cour suprême du Canada accorde l'autorisation d'appel.  Le 1er septembre 1993, le Juge en chef formulait la question constitutionnelle suivante:

 

Téléphone Guèvremont Inc. est-elle un ouvrage ou une entreprise qui relève de la compétence législative que possède le Parlement du Canada en vertu des al.  92(10)a) et 91(29), de l'alinéa introductif de l'art. 91 ou d'une autre disposition de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 ?

 

Origine du litige:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Québec

 

No de greffe:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       23345

 

Date du jugement de la Cour d'appel:                                                                                                                                                                                                          Le 8 décembre 1992

 

Avocats:                                                                                                                                                                                                   Alain Gingras et Luc Chamberland pour les appelants

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              André Joli-Coeur et Louis Masson pour l'intimée


23384            REGINA v. ROBERT LORNE HEYWOOD

 

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  - Criminal law - Statutes - Offenses - Interpretation -Respondent convicted of sexual assault charged with offence under s. 179(1) (b) of the Criminal Code  - Provincial Court of British Columbia holding that s. 179(1)(b) contrary to ss. 7  and 11 (d) of the Charter but a reasonable limit under s. 1 - Provincial Court convicting Respondent - Supreme Court of British Columbia dismissing Respondent's appeal - Court of Appeal for British Columbia allowing Respondent's appeal - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in the meaning given to the word "loitering" in s. 179(1) (b) of the Criminal Code  - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in holding that lack of provision for notice is a constitutional defect of s. 179(1) (b) and that s. 19  of the Criminal Code  did not apply - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in assuming or finding that s. 179(1)(b) violated ss. 7  and 11 (d) of the Charter - Whether the Court of Appeal erred in finding that s. 179(1)(b) was not a reasonable limit prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society within the meaning of s. 1  of the Charter.

 

In 1987, the Respondent was convicted of two counts of sexual assault on two young girls.  That conviction made him one of the types of offenders covered by s. 179(1) (b) of the Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46 , where a person who is found loitering in or near a school ground, playground, public park or bathing area is guilty of vagrancy, an offence punishable on summary conviction.  On July 5, 1989, the Respondent was arrested in Beacon Hill Park, Victoria, and charged with two offenses of committing vagrancy by loitering at or near a playground and in or near a public park pursuant to s. 179(1) (b) of the Criminal Code .  The evidence revealed that the Respondent was at the playground with a telephoto lens camera for taking intimate pictures of young children.  Filmer P.C.J. of the Provincial Court of British Columbia concluded that s. 179(1) (b) of the Criminal Code  was contrary to ss. 7  and 11 (d) of the Charter but was a reasonable limit within the meaning of s. 1  of the Charter.  Filmer P.C.J. then convicted the Respondent.  Melvin J. of the Supreme Court of British Columbia dismissed the Respondent's appeal against conviction.  The Court of Appeal for British Columbia allowed the Respondent's appeal.

 

Origin of the case:                                                             British Columbia

 

File No.:                                                                                23384

 

Judgment of the Court of Appeal:                               December 10, 1992

 

Counsel:                                                                               Robert A. Mulligan, for the Appellant

B. Rory B. Morahan, for the Respondent


23384                                    LA REINE c.  ROBERT LORNE HEYWOOD

 

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés  - Droit criminel - Lois - Infractions - Interprétation - L'intimé déclaré coupable d'agression sexuelle, accusé d'avoir commis une infraction en contravention de l'al. 179(1) b) du Code criminel  - La Cour provinciale de la Colombie‑Britannique a conclu que l'al. 179(1)b) portait atteinte à l'art. 7  et à l'al. 11 d )  de la Charte, mais que cette atteinte constituait une limite raisonnable en vertu de l'article premier -  La Cour provinciale a déclaré l'intimé coupable - La Cour suprême de la Colombie-Britannique a rejeté l'appel de l'intimé - La Cour d'appel de la Colombie-Britannique a accueilli l'appel de l'intimé - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle commis une erreur dans son interprétation du terme *flânant+ mentionné à l'al. 179(1) b) du Code criminel ? - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle commis une erreur en concluant que la non-mention d'un avis dans l'al. 179(1)b) est inconstitutionnel et que l'art. 19  du Code criminel  ne s'applique pas? - La Cour d'appel a-t-elle commis une erreur en supposant ou en concluant que l'al. 179(1)b) ne constituait pas une limite raisonnable, prévue par une règle de droit, dont la justification puisse se démontrer dans le cadre d'une société libre et démocratique au sens de l'article premier de la Charte?

 

En 1987, l'intimé a été déclaré coupable de deux chefs d'agression sexuelle contre deux jeunes filles.  Cette déclaration de culpabilité faisait de l'intimé l'un des contrevenants visés à l'al. 179(1) b) du Code criminel , L.R.C. (1985), ch. C-46 , qui prévoit qu'est coupable de vagabondage une personne qui est trouvée flânant sur un terrain d'école, un terrain de jeu, un parc public ou une zone publique où l'on peut se baigner ou à proximité de ces endroits, infraction punissable sur déclaration de culpabilité par procédure sommaire.  Le 5 juillet 1989, l'intimé a été arrêté à Beacon Hill Park, à Victoria, et a été accusé de deux infractions de vagabondage pour avoir été trouvé flânant sur un terrain de jeu ou un parc public ou à proximité de ces endroits en contravention de l'al. 179(1) b) du Code criminel .  La preuve a révélé que l'intimé se trouvait au terrain de jeu et qu'il avait avec lui une caméra équipée d'un téléobjectif pour prendre des photos intimes de jeunes enfants.  Le juge Filmer de la Cour provinciale de la Colombie-Britannique a conclu que l'al. 179(1)b) portait atteinte à l'art. 7  et à l'al. 11 d )  de la Charte, mais que cette atteinte constituait une limite raisonnable au sens de l'article premier de la Charte.  Le juge Filmer a déclaré l'intimé coupable.  Le juge Melvin de la Cour suprême de la Colombie-Britannique a rejeté l'appel que l'intimé a intenté contre sa déclaration de culpabilité.  La Cour d'appel de la Colombie-Britannique a accueilli l'appel de l'intimé.

 

 

Origine:                                                                              Colombie-Britannique

 

No de greffe:                                                                                               23384

 

Arrêt de la Cour d'appel:                                                                         10 décembre 1992

 

Avocats:                                                                               Robert A. Mulligan, pour l'appelante

B. Rory B. Morahan, pour l'intimé


23685                                    D.R. v. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN

 

Criminal law - Young Offenders - Procedural law - Evidence - Statutes - Interpretation - Whether the majority of the Court erred in finding that as the Applicant had been cautioned as an adult the statements were entirely voluntary - Whether an initial breach of s. 56  of the Young Offenders' Act , R.S.C. 1985, c. Y-1 , resulting in an inculpatory statement taints a subsequent statement obtained following a proper s. 56 caution.

 

On May 11, 1991, three houses under construction were broken into and copper piping was removed from the premises, resulting in water damage of about $4000.00.  A witness told the police that, at approximately 8:00 p.m., he saw two persons get out of a red car and enter the basement of one of the houses.  Later, he saw them enter another house in which they remained for about 10 minutes.  He did not see them carrying anything when they came out.  The witness provided the police with the license plate number of the red car and a description of the suspects.  Shortly after 12:00 a.m., the police impounded a red car which met the description and matched the license plate number given by the witness.  On May 27, 1991, T.R., the Appellant's brother and owner of the car, went to the police station to claim his car.  The Appellant was with him.  A detective, informed of the events of May 11, 1991, observed the Appellant in the lobby of the police station and noticed that he had long blond hair, similar to that related in the description given by the witness.  The detective interviewed T.R. who denied any knowledge of the offenses but told the detective that the Appellant might very well have been involved.  The detective then asked the Appellant to accompany him into his office where he closed the door and interviewed him.

 

A voir dire was held at trial with respect to the admissibility of the Appellant's statements to the detective during the interview.  The detective testified that, when he began his interview, he did not know that the Appellant was 17 years old.  He cautioned the Appellant by advising him that he did not have to say anything unless he wished to and that, if he did, it could repeated to a judge.  At some point during the interview, the detective established reasonable and probable grounds to believe that the Appellant was involved in the commission of the offenses and placed him under arrest.  As a precaution, the officer asked the Appellant how old he was and, following the Appellant's answer that he was 17 years old, cautioned him.  The Appellant indicated that he understood his rights and that he did not want to call anyone or have anyone present.  The detective read and explained the waiver of right under s. 56  of the Young Offenders' Act , R.S.C. 1985, c. Y-1 , to the Appellant  who signed it.  The detective then continued his interview.

 

Donald P.C.J. ruled that the statement, made by the Appellant  to the detective after the s. 56 caution was admissible.  The Appellant  was convicted of theft under $1000. and 3 counts of break, enter and mischief, pursuant to ss. 344 (b) and 348(1) (a) of the Criminal Code .  The Appellant  was sentenced to 30 days secure custody, plus 12 months probation with conditions.  The Appellant  appealed his conviction and sentence to the Court of Appeal for Ontario.  The issue on appeal was whether the Appellant 's statement after the s. 56 caution was tainted by what took place prior to the making of the first statement.  On August 19, 1993, the Court of Appeal dismissed the Appellant 's appeal, Labrosse J.A. dissenting.

 

 

Origin of the case:                                     Ontario

 

File No.:                                                        23685

 

Judgment of the Court of Appeal:       August 19, 1993

 

Counsel:                                                       Maureen Forestell, for the Appellant 

Attorney General for the Province of Ontario, for the Respondent


23685            D.R. c. SA MAJESTÉ LA REINE

 

Droit criminel - Jeunes contrevenants - Droit de la procédure - Preuve - Lois - Interprétation - La Cour d'appel à la majorité a-t-elle commis une erreur en concluant que les déclarations étaient entièrement volontaires puisque le demandeur avait été averti en tant qu'adulte? - Une violation initiale de l'art. 56  de la Loi sur les jeunes contrevenants , L.R.C. (1985), ch. Y-1 , ayant donné lieu à une déclaration inculpatoire, a-t-elle pour effet de vicier une déclaration subséquente obtenue à la suite d'un avertissement en bonne et due forme en application de l'art. 56?

 

Le 11 mai 1991, il y a eu introduction par effraction dans trois maisons en construction d'où des tuyaux de cuivre ont été enlevés, causant ainsi des dégâts d'eau d'environ 4 000 $.  Un témoin a dit à la police qu'il avait vu, vers 20 h, deux personnes sortir d'une voiture rouge et entrer dans le sous-sol de l'une des maisons.  Il les a plus tard vues entrer dans une autre maison où elles sont demeurées pendant environ 10 minutes, mais il ne les a pas vues transporter quoi que ce soit hors de la maison.  Le témoin a fourni à la police le numéro d'immatriculation de la voiture rouge ainsi qu'une description des suspects.  Peu après minuit, la police a confisqué une voiture rouge dont la description et le numéro d'immatriculation correspondaient aux observations du témoin.  Le 27 mai 1991, T.R., le frère de l'appelant et propriétaire de la voiture, est allé à la police pour réclamer sa voiture.  L'appelant était avec lui.  Un détective, au courant des événements du 11 mai 1991, a vu l'appelant dans le hall du poste de police et a remarqué qu'il avait de longs cheveux blonds, semblables à ce que le témoin avait décrit.  Le détective a interrogé T.R. qui a nié toute connaissance des infractions, mais a dit qu'il se pourrait fort bien que l'appelant ait eu un rôle à jouer.  Le détective a alors demandé à l'appelant de l'accompagner dans son bureau; il a fermé la porte et l'a interrogé.

 

Au procès, un voir-dire a eu lieu relativement à l'admissibilité des déclarations que l'appelant avaient faites au détective au cours de l'interrogatoire.  Le détective a témoigné qu'il ne savait pas au début de l'interrogatoire que l'appelant était âgé de 17 ans.  Il l'avait averti qu'il n'était pas obligé de dire quoi que ce soit sauf s'il le désirait et que ses propos pourraient être répétés devant un juge.  Pendant l'interrogatoire, le détective a établi des motifs raisonnables et probables de croire que l'appelant avait participé à la perpétration des infractions et l'a fait arrêter.  Comme précaution, l'agent a demandé à l'appelant son âge et lorsque l'appelant lui a dit qu'il avait 17 ans, il lui a donné l'avertissement requis.  L'appelant a indiqué qu'il comprenait ses droits et qu'il ne voulait pas consulter une autre personne ou avoir quelqu'un présent.  Le détective lui a lu et expliqué le droit auquel il renonçait en vertu de l'art. 56  de la Loi sur les jeunes contrevenants , L.R.C. (1985), ch. Y-1 ; l'appelant a signé cette renonciation.  Le détective a poursuivi son interrogatoire.

 

Le juge Donald de la Cour provinciale a conclu à l'admissibilité de la déclaration que l'appelant avait faite au détective après l'avertissement en vertu de l'art. 56.  L'appelant a été déclaré coupable de vol de moins de 1 000 $ et de trois chefs d'accusation d'introduction par effraction et de méfait, sous le régime des al. 344 b )  et 348(1) a) du Code criminel .  L'appelant a été condamné à 30 jours de garde en milieu fermé et à 12 mois de probation avec conditions.  L'appelant a interjeté appel de la déclaration de culpabilité et de la peine devant la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario.  En appel, il s'agissait de déterminer si la déclaration que l'appelant avait faite après avoir reçu l'avertissement en vertu de l'art. 56 était viciée par ce qui s'était passé avant la première déclaration.  Le 19 août 1993, la Cour d'appel a rejeté l'appel de l'appelant; le juge Labrosse était dissident.

 

Origine:                                                      Ontario

 

No de greffe:                                                                       23685

 

Arrêt de la Cour d'appel:                                                 19 août 1993

 

Avocats:                                                       Maureen Forestell, pour l'appelant

Le procureur général de l'Ontario, pour l'intimée


22676            ANDRÉ BARCLAY MASTERS v. GEORGIA ANNETTE MASTERS

 

Family law - Maintenance - Divorce - Variation -  Application by payor spouse to vary terms of separation agreement on the basis that the dependent spouse has become economically self-sufficient - Whether the majority of the Court of Appeal erred by their failure to apply the decisions in the Supreme Court of Canada in Pelech v. Pelech [1987] 1 S.C.R. 801; Caron v. Caron [1987] 1 S.C.R. 892; and Richardson v. Richardson [1987] 1 S.C.R. 852 to permit a variation - Whether the trial judge erred in failing to determine whether there is a radical change in circumstance causally related to the marriage which provided grounds for variation of the support order -Whether the Court of Appeal and the trial court erred in failing to give paramountcy to the doctrine of economic self-sufficiency set forth in s. 17(7)(d) of the Divorce Act, 1985, R.S.C. 1985, c. 3 (2nd Supp ).

 

The Respondent wife was a registered nurse and the Appellant  husband a medical student when they married in 1957.  The Respondent did not work outside the home in the early years of the marriage.  In 1968, she resumed her nursing career and worked as a registered nurse until the couple emigrated to Canada in 1970.  She did not become certified as a registered nurse in Canada and was a housewife from 1970 to 1976 when the couple separated.  After the separation she was only able to find work as a hostess in a restaurant or as a waitress.  The couple have two children who are now adults but were children as defined in the Divorce Act  at the time of separation.  The parties, after each obtaining legal counsel, entered into a separation agreement in 1976 which provided maintenance for the Respondent wife until her remarriage or death.  They were divorced in 1977 and the maintenance provisions of the separation agreement were incorporated in the decree nisi.  The Appellant  made the maintenance payments regularly and indeed advanced significant sums over and above what he agreed to pay.  He advanced approximately $9,000.00 to enable the Respondent to change her profession and become qualified as a professional electrolysist.  She now runs and owns her own business and earns in excess of $60,000.00 per annum.  In July of 1988, the Appellant  unilaterally stopped making the maintenance payments.  He subsequently applied to the Court of Queen's Bench for an order to vary the decree nisi based on a material change of the Respondent's circumstances.  At trial, the Appellant 's application was dismissed.  The majority of the Court of Appeal dismissed his appeal, with Vancise J.A. dissenting.

 

The following are the issues raised in this appeal:

 

1.                     The majority of the Court of Appeal erred by misapplying the provisions of the Supreme Court of Canada decisions in the cases of Caron v. Caron, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 892;  Pelech v. Pelech, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 801 and Richardson v. Richardson, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 857; the trilogy has no application to the case of a payor spouse and on the facts before the Court below, the Court should have varied the support order.

 

2.                     The majority of the Court of Appeal erred by failing to hold that there had been a radical change in circumstances causally related to the marriage thereby justifying variation of the support order.

 

 

Origin of the case:                                     Saskatchewan

 

File No.                                                         22676

 

Judgment of the Court of Appeal:       August 27, 1991

 

Counsel:                                                       R. Bradley Hunter for the Appellant 

E.F. Merchant for the Respondent


22676            ANDRÉ BARCLAY MASTERS c. GEORGIA ANNETTE MASTERS

 

Droit de la famille - Aliments - Divorce - Modification - Le conjoint payeur a demandé la modification de la convention de séparation au motif que la conjointe intimée était devenue économiquement indépendante - La Cour d'appel à la majorité a-t-elle commis une erreur en n'appliquant pas les arrêts Pelech c. Pelech, [1987] 1 R.C.S. 852; Caron c. Caron, [1987] 1 R.C.S. 892; et Richardson c. Richardson, [1987] 1 R.C.S. 857 en vue de permettre la modification de la convention en question? -  Le juge de première instance a-t-il commis une erreur en omettant de déterminer s'il s'était produit un changement important de circonstances qui, du point de vue causal, était relié au mariage, offrant ainsi des motifs de modifier l'ordonnance alimentaire? - La Cour d'appel et le tribunal de première instance ont-ils commis une erreur en n'accordant pas une importance prédominante à la notion d'indépendance économique prévue à l'al. 17(7) d) de la Loi sur le divorce  de 1985, L.R.C. (1985), ch. 3 (2 e  suppl .).

 

L'épouse intimée était une infirmière autorisée et l'époux appelant, un étudiant en médecine lorsqu'ils se sont mariés en 1957.  Au cours des premières années du mariage, l'intimée ne travaillait pas à l'extérieur du foyer.  En 1968, elle a recommencé à travailler comme infirmière jusqu'à ce que le couple émigre au Canada en 1970.  Elle n'est pas devenue infirmière autorisée au Canada et est demeurée au foyer de 1970 à 1976, année de la séparation.  Après la séparation, elle est arrivée à se trouver seulement un travail d'hôtesse ou de serveuse dans un restaurant.  Le couple a deux enfants, maintenant à l'âge adulte, mais qui étaient des enfants au sens de la Loi sur le divorce  au moment de la séparation.  Les parties, après avoir bénéficié des services de conseillers juridiques indépendants, ont conclu en 1976 une convention de séparation qui prévoyait le versement d'aliments à l'intimée jusqu'à ce qu'elle se remarie ou décède.  Le divorce a eu lieu en 1977 et les dispositions alimentaires ont été incorporées dans le jugement conditionnel de divorce.  L'appelant a effectué régulièrement les versements alimentaires et a en fait avancé d'importantes sommes en sus de celles qu'il s'était engagé à payer.  En effet, il a consenti à l'intimée la somme d'environ 9 000 $ pour lui permettre de changer de profession et de devenir une spécialiste en électrolyse professionnelle accréditée.  Elle possède maintenant son propre commerce et gagne plus de 60 000 $ par année.  En juillet 1988, l'appelant a unilatéralement cessé de faire les paiements alimentaires.  Il a par la suite demandé à la Cour du Banc de la Reine de modifier le jugement conditionnel de divorce en raison du changement matériel de circonstances de l'intimée.  Au procès, la demande de l'appelant a été rejetée.  La Cour d'appel à la majorité a rejeté l'appel interjeté; le juge Vancise était dissident.

 

Dans le cadre du présent pourvoi, il faut déterminer:

 

1.                     si la Cour d'appel à la majorité a commis une erreur lorsqu'elle a appliqué incorrectement les arrêts de la Cour suprême du Canada Caron c. Caron, [1987] 1 R.C.S. 892; Pelech c. Pelech, [1987] 1 R.C.S. 801 et Richardson c. Richardson, [1987] 1 R.C.S. 857; déterminer si les arrêts de la trilogie sont applicables au conjoint payeur, et si, d'après les faits devant la Cour d'appel, celle-ci aurait dû modifier l'ordonnance alimentaire.

 

2.                     si la Cour d'appel à la majorité a commis une erreur en omettant de conclure qu'il existait un changement radical de circonstances qui, du point de vue causal, étaient reliés au mariage, justifiant ainsi une modification de l'ordonnance alimentaire.

 

Origine:                                                                              Saskatchewan

 

No de greffe:                                                                                               22676

 

Arrêt de la Cour d'appel:                                                                         27 août 1991

 

Avocats:                                                                               R. Bradley Hunter, pour l'appelant

E.F. Merchant, pour l'intimée


This index includes applications for leave to appeal standing for judgment at the beginning of 1994 and all the applications for leave to appeal filed or heard in 1994 up to now.

 

Cet index comprend les requêtes en autorisation de pourvoi en délibéré au début de 1994 et toutes celles produites ou entendues en 1994 jusqu'à maintenant.

                                                                                                                               


*01         Refused/Refusée

*02         Refused with costs/Refusée avec dépens

*03         Granted/Accordée

*04         Granted with costs/Accordée avec dépens

*05         Discontinuance filed/Désistement produit


*A           Applications for leave to appeal filed/Requêtes en autorisation de pourvoi produites

*B           Submitted to the Court/Soumises à la Cour

*C           Oral Hearing/Audience

*D           Reserved/En délibéré


                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                 Status/              Disposition/

 CASE/AFFAIRE                                                                         Statut                   Résultat

                                                                                                                Page

                                                                                                                                           

1229-1605 Québec Inc. c. Marché A.J.T. Inc. (Qué.),

   23880, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                       2373(93)                                            355(94)

146919 Canada Ltd. v. Sherwin (Ont.), 23559, *B                                                                                                                                    1182(93)

2108496 Manitoba Ltd. v. Assessor for the City of

   Winnipeg (Man.), 23999, *B                                                                                                                                                                  511(94)

332415 Alberta Ltd. v. Edmonton Oilers Hockey Corporation

   (Alta.), 23994, *A                                                                                                                                                                                        336(94)

715341 Ontario Ltd. v. Minister of National Revenue (F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23912, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    165(94)                                               563(94)

A.J. v. Government of Manitoba (Man.), 23770, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                  2250(93)                                            349(94)

A.J.L. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23919, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                             207(94)                                               552(94)

A.K. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23808, *B                                                                                                                                               88(94)

Accurpress Manufacturing Ltd. v. Stoddard (B.C.), 23882, *A                                                                                                              2282(93)

Alain v. Attorney General of Canada (B.C.), 23373, *A                                                                                                                           4(93)

Alberta Human Rights Commission v. Co-operators General

   Insurance Co. (Alta.), 23951, *B                                                                                                                                                            396(94)

Allam c. Nessia Investments Ltd. (Qué.), 23168, *A                                                                                                                                2048(92)

Allegretti v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24053, *A                                                                                                                                       495(94)

Alouette Amusements Canada Inc. c. Sous-ministre du Revenu du Québec

   (Qué.), 23954, *01 7.4.94                                                                                                                                                                        281(94)                                               556(94)

Anderson v. Anderson (Man.), 24066, *A                                                                                                                                                    498(94)

Archambault c. La Reine (Qué.), 24078, *A                                                                                                                                                 499(94)

Arndt v. Arndt (Ont.), 23854, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                       2367(93)                                            351(94)

Atlantic Provinces Trucking Association v. Halifax-Dartmouth

   Bridge Commission (N.S.), 24051, *A                                                                                                                                                 496(94)

Atta c. Malouf (Qué.), 23672, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                   2138(93)                                            93(94)

Attis v. Board of School Trustees, District No. 15

   (N.B.), 24002, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        506(94)

Attorney General for the Province of Ontario v. Pamajewon

   (Ont.), 23986, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        532(94)

Attorney General of Canada c. Floyd (F.C.A.)(Qué.), 24018, *B                                                                                                          517(94)

Attorney General of British Columbia v. McCallum (B.C.),

   23767, *05 28.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    282(94)                                               365(94)

Attridge v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Alta.), 23926, *B                                                                                                                                       340(94)

Auto Concrete Curb Ltd. v. South Nation River

   Conservation Authority (Ont.), 23090, *A                                                                                                                                         1732(92)

Avrith c. Richter, Usher & Vineberg (Qué.), 24036, *B                                                                                                                            534(94)

Baldwin v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23737, *B                                                                                                                                         7(94)

Baril v. Liard (Ont.), 24035, *B                                                                                                                                                                         541(94)

Baron c. Karas (Qué.), 23967, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                   404(94)                                               564(94)

Baroni v. The Queen (N.S.), 23439, *A                                                                                                                                                          478(93)

Barrons v. Hyundai Auto Canada Inc. (Ont.),

   23853, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    166(94)                                               563(94)

Barrys Ltd. v. Fishermen, Food and Allied Workers' Union

   (Nfld.), 23877, *B                                                                                                                                                                                       508(94)

Barzal v. The Queen (B.C.), 23730, *05 13.4.94                                                                                                                                         594(94)                                               594(94)


Bateman v. Doiron (N.B.), 23980, *B                                                                                                                                                            446(94)

Bazinet c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23714, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                            1843(93)                                            16(94)

Bekar v. Bekar (B.C.), 23971, *B                                                                                                                                                                     504(94)

Bell v. The Queen (B.C.), 23756, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                2363(93)                                            173(94)

Bellefleur c. Procureur général du Québec (Qué.),

   23762, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                       2140(93)                                            354(94)

Bempong v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23856, *01 10.2.94                                                                                                                    2362(93)                                            215(94)

Benner v. Secretary of State of Canada (F.C.A.), 23811, *03

   10.3.94   2287(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      413(94)

Bennett v. Superintendent of Brokers (B.C.), 23979, *B                                                                                                                         528(94)

Biddle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23734, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                           1842(93)                                            218(94)

Biddle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23885, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                             2361(93)                                            173(94)

Bishop v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23871, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                            2363(93)                                            356(94)

Bleasdale v. The Queen (B.C.), 23729, *05 14.4.94                                                                                                                                  594(94)                                               594(94)

Boileau c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23942, *01 7.4.94                                                                                                                               168(94)                                               556(94)

Branco v. The Queen (B.C.), 24060, *A                                                                                                                                                         497(94)

Brault c. Fontaine (Qué.), 23953, *A                                                                                                                                                              196(94)

Bremner v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23789, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                      2200(93)                                            14(94)

Brock v. Attorney General of Canada (B.C.), 23774, *02

   27.1.94   2209(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      93994)

Brown v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24047, *B                                                                                                                                            542(94)

Butchart v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23956, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                      268(94)                                               550(94)

C & M McNally Engineering Inc. v. Greater Moncton Sewage

   Commission (N.B.), 23768, *02 17.2.94                                                                                                                                             2206(93)                                            238(94)

C.A.S. v. J.F.T. (B.C.), 23796, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                      2072(93)                                            216(94)

C.C. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23920, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                               208(94)                                               552(94)

Campbell v. Campbell (Ont.), 23921, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                                     505(94)                                               560(94)

Canadian Association of Regulated Importers v. Attorney

   General of Canada (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24025, *B                                                                                                                                   524(94)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Attorney General of the

   province of Saskatchewan (Crim.)(Sask.), 23738, *B                                                                                                                    1797(93)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Pierre (B.C.), 23837, *02

   3.3.94      2367(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      351(94)

Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v. Sayani (B.C.),

   23862, *02 10.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    9(94)                                                    413(94)

Canadian Jewish Congress v. Board of School Trustees, District No. 15

   (N.B.), 24002, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        508(94)

Canadian Pacific Ltd. v. The Queen in right of Ontario (Crim.)(Ont.),

   23721, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    1940(93)                                            211(94)

Canadian Union of Postal Workers v. Canada Labour Relations

   Board (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23989, *B                                                                                                                                                             447(94)

Canassurance, Compagnie d'assurance-vie Inc. c. Bourassa

   (Qué.), 24090, *A                                                                                                                                                                                       501(94)

Castaldo v. Lento (Ont.), 23908, *02 31.3.94                                                                                                                                              272(94)                                               553(94)

Chaba v. Greschuk (Alta.), 23000, *A                                                                                                                                                            1216(92)

Chan v. Minister of Employment and Immigration (F.C.A.)(B.C.),

   23813, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2246(93)                                            214(94)

Chen v. Minister of Employment and Immigration (F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23984, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      519(94)

Chisan v. The Queen (Alta.), 24032, *B                                                                                                                                                        539(94)

Christie MacKay & Co. v. The Queen in right of the province

   of Manitoba (Man.), 24063, *A                                                                                                                                                             498(94)

Coalition of Citizens for a Charter Challenge v. Metropolitan

   Authority (N.S.), 23911, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                    9(94)                                                    91(94)

Commercial Union Assurance Co. of Canada v. Bank

   of Nova Scotia (N.S.), 23777, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                            2204(93)                                            347(94)

Compagnie minière Lamaque Ltée c. Sous-ministre de

   l'Énergie et des Ressources du Québec (Qué.),

   23684, *01 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    1561(93)                                            211(94)

Compagnie minière Québec Cartier c. Métallurgistes unis

   d'Amérique, local 6869 (Qué.), 23960, *B                                                                                                                                         280(94)

Consolidated Enfield Corporation v. Blair (Ont.), 23887, *B                                                                                                                  338(94)

Construction Amtron Inc. c. Corbeil (Qué.),


   22562, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      1783(91)

Constructions Drumco Inc. c. Canaassurance, Compagnie

   d'Assurance-vie Inc. (Qué.), 24050, *B                                                                                                                                               537(94)

Coopérative Forestière du Nord-Ouest c. Deschênes (Qué.),

   23779, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2075(93)                                            92(94)

Coopers & Lybrand OYDL Inc. v. Royal Trust Co. (Ont.),

   23771, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    78(94)                                                 561(94)

Cormier c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23847, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                              2251(93)                                            176(94)

Corporation of the City of London v. Mortimer (Ont.),

   24094, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      500(94)

Corporation of the City of Stratford v. Large (Ont.),

   24004, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      522(94)

Costin v. The Queen (Ont.), 24062, *A                                                                                                                                                          498(94)

Côté c. La Reine (Qué.), 23707, *03 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                  1799(93)                                            353(94)

Cousineau c. Petitpas (Qué.), 23830, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                     2141(93)                                            17(94)

Craig v. Lahey (N.B.), 23828, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                      2365(93)                                            350(94)

Crawford v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23711, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                     2133(93)                                            212(94)

Cross v. Wood (Man.), 24065, *A                                                                                                                                                                   498(94)

D.E.P. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23892, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                            11(94)                                                 411(94)

D.M.S. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23878, *01 10.2.94                                                                                                                         5(94)                                                    216(94)

D.S c. V.W. (Qué.), 23765, *B                                                                                                                                                                           2005(93)

Darryl C. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23852, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                      5(94)                                                    406(94)

Delgamuukw v. The Queen in right of the province of

   British Columbia (B.C.), 23799, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                      82(94)                                                 548(94)

Delitcheva c. La Reine (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23788, *01 27.1.94                                                                                                                     2141(93)                                            93(94)

Del Zotto v. Minister of National Revenue (F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23842, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2211(93)                                            412(94)

Descoteaux c. Banque nationale du Canada (Qué.),

   23863, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2372(93)                                            94(94)

Deshane v. Deere & Co. (Ont.), 23870, *B                                                                                                                                                  206(94)

Desloges v. Canadian Kennel Club (Ont.), 23981, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                            446(94)                                               558(94)

Devereaux v. Morrow (Ont.), 23798, *A                                                                                                                                                      2068(93)

Dick v. The Queen (Alta.), 24059, *A                                                                                                                                                             497(94)

Dilling v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23759, *B                                                                                                                                             527(94)

Doman v. Superintendent of Brokers (B.C.), 23938, *B                                                                                                                          528(94)

Dominique c. Abramowitz (Qué.), 24044, *A                                                                                                                                              495(94)

Dompierre c. Provost (Qué.), 24049, *B                                                                                                                                                       545(94)

Dow Corning Corporation v. Hollis (B.C.), 23776, *03

   10.3.94   2202(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      412(94)

Dubois c. Raymond, Chabot, Fafard, Gagnon Inc. (Qué.),

   23993, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      336(94)

Duchesneau c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23716, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                     2290(93)                                            354(94)

Dunn v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24041, *B                                                                                                                                              533(94)

Dupuy c. La Reine (Qué.), 24088, *A                                                                                                                                                             500(94)

EBCO Industries Ltd. v. ICAM Technologies Corporation (B.C.),

   23963, *05 7.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                       397(94)                                               594(94)

Edwards v. Solicitor General of Ontario (Ont.), 23932, *B                                                                                                                      279(94)

Elliot v. Elliot (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23896, *B                                                                                                                                                           395(94)

Employers Insurance of Wausau v. Burns (Ont.), 24054, *A                                                                                                                 496(94)

Eneas v. The Queen (B.C.), 24086, *A                                                                                                                                                           500(94)

Engerdahl v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23758, *B                                                                                                                                     340(94)

English v. The Queen (Crim.)(Nfld.), 23832, *01 31.3.94                                                                                                                        2287(93)                                            554(94)

Eryomin v. Minister of Employment and Immigration (F.C.A.),

   23383, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      4(93)

Fabrikant c. The Queen (Crim.)(Qué.), 23795, *B                                                                                                                                     532(94)

Fadelle v. The Queen (N.S.), 24046, *B                                                                                                                                                        531(94)

Fédération des employées et employés de services publics Inc. c.

   St-Jacques (Qué.), 22339, *B                                                                                                                                                                 515(94)

Fiqia v. The Queen (Alta.), 23945, *A                                                                                                                                                            496(94)

Firscliff Development Inc. c. Raymond, Chabot, Fafard, Gagnon Inc.

   (Qué.), 23850, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      2291(93)                                            222(94)

Firscliff Development Inc. c. Raymond, Chabot, Fafard, Gagnon Inc.

   (Qué.), 23851, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      2292(93)                                            222(94)


Fiumara v. Commissioner of Corrections (Crim.)(F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23735, *01 20.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2244(93)                                            22(94)

Fletcher v. Corporation of the Township of Scugog (Ont.),

   23699, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    79(94)                                                 562(94)

Foster v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23745, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                           2047(93)                                            14(94)

Foyer de Val d'Or Inc. c. Syndicat des employés du Foyer de

  Val d'Or (Qué.), 23998, *B                                                                                                                                                                          512(94)

Frankie v. Commissioner of Corrections (Crim.)(F.C.A.)(Ont.),

   23736, *01 20.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2243(93)                                            21(94)

Friedman c. Sous-ministre du Revenu du Québec (Qué.), 23844, *02

   3.2.94      2253(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      171(94)

Friesen v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(B.C.), 23922, *B                                                                                                                                          164(94)

G.L.B. c. M.P. (Qué.), 23744, *B                                                                                                                                                                       1943(93)

Gaulin (Pierre André) c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.),

   23874, *01 31.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    167(94)                                               555(94)

Gaulin (Raymonde) c. Centre des services sociaux de la

   Gaspésie et des Îles de la Madeleine (Qué.), 23793, *A                                                                                                              501(94)

Gilbert c. La Reine (C.A.F.), 23723, *02 24.3.94                                                                                                                                         2371(93)                                            550(94)

Gill v. The Queen (B.C.)(Crim.), 23903, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                                 202(94)                                               549(94)

Gillespie v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.B.), 22771, *01 27.1.94                                                                                                                      13(94)                                                 95(94)

Gladstone v. The Queen (B.C.), 23801, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                 83(94)                                                 408(94)

Godin c. Société conadienne de la Croix-Rouge (Qué.),

   23702, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    1751(93)                                            15(94)

Godon v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23790, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                          6(94)                                                    406(94)

Gold v. Gold (B.C.), 23817, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                        2254(93)                                            19(94)

Golden Horse Farms Inc. v. Household Trust Co. (B.C.),

   23710, *02 24.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    89(94)                                                 551(94)

Government of Manitoba v. A.J (Man.), 23770, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                   2250(93)                                            349(94)

Greenbaum c. Public Curator of Quebec (Qué.),

   23700, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2142(93)                                            17(94)

Greer v. Commission national des libérations conditionnelles

   (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23724, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                        1844(93)                                            16(94)

Gresham v. Ernst & Young Inc. (Sask.), 22888, *A                                                                                                                                    716(92)

Grimard v. Berry (Sask.), 24079, *A                                                                                                                                                               499(94)

Gyori v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23907, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                              162(94)                                               356(94)

Gyorvari v. The Queen (F.C.A.), 23807, *B                                                                                                                                                  401(94)

Hammou c. Ministère de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigratioin

   (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23990, *A                                                                                                                                                                         499(94)

Hamon c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23857, *01 27.1.94                                                                                                                            2289(93)                                            94(94)

Hansen v. Westminer Canada Ltd. (N.S.), 24043, *A                                                                                                                              495(94)

Hanson v. The Queen (Ont.), 24037, *A                                                                                                                                                       494(94)

Harrigan v. The Queen (Ont.), 22958, *A                                                                                                                                                     916(92)

Harvey v. Attorney General for New Brunswick (N.B.), 23968, *B                                                                                                    203(94)

Harvey v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.B.), 23894, *B                                                                                                                                          78(93)

Haughton v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23665, *03 3.2.94                                                                                                                      1541(93)                                            173(94)

Hawrish v. The Queen (Crim.)(Sask.), 23898, *B                                                                                                                                      202(94)

Hecht v. Reid (B.C.), 23751, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                      2209(93)                                            18(94)

Heggie v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24023, *B                                                                                                                                         523(94)

Helo Enterprises Ltd. v. Ernst & Young Inc. (B.C.), 23924, *B                                                                                                                345(94)

Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia v. Novia Scotia Utility and

   Review Board (N.S.), 24068, *A                                                                                                                                                            498(94)

Herman v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 24040, *B                                                                                                                                         544(94)

Hibbert v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23815, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                        2198(93)                                            213(94)

Hill v. The Registrar, South Alberta Land Registration District

   (Alta.), 23650, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      1753(93)                                            221(94)

Horan v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23855, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                             10(94)                                                 177(94)

Human Rights Commission v. Board of School Trustees, District No. 15

   (N.B.), 24002, *B                                                                                                                                                                                        507(94)

Huot v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23849, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                             163(94)                                               563(94)

Hutchins v. Commission nationale des libérations conditionnelles

   (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23725, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                        1845(93)                                            16(94)

Hutter v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23950, *B                                                                                                                                            268(94)

Hynes v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23718, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                             2135(93)                                            174(94)


Industrielle-Alliance, compagnie d'assurance-vie c. Deslauriers

   (Qué.), 23824, *B                                                                                                                                                                                       89(94)

Insurance Corporation of British Columbia v. Petersen (B.C.),

   23961, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      403(94)

International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers,

   District Lodge No. 692 v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters

   and Joiners of America, Local 2736 (B.C.), 24039, *A                                                                                                                    494(94)

International Lottery Distributors Inc. v. Government of

   Manitoba (Man.), 23958, *B                                                                                                                                                                  510(94)

J.L.D. c. Vallée (Qué.), 24028, *B                                                                                                                                                                     538(94)

J.W.S. v. H.A.D. (Alta.), 23915, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                    12(94)                                                 355(94)

Jaffe v. Hatch (Ont.), 23755, *01 20.1.94                                                                                                                                                     2049(93)                                            23(94)

Janes v. The Queen in right of Newfoundland (Nfld.), 22997, *01

   13.1.94   1544(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      20(94)

Johnstone v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23996, *B                                                                                                                                     520(94)

Jones (Ronald Stuart) v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23667, *B                                                                                                              1467(93)

Jones (Scott David) v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23916, *01

   24.3.94   162(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        549(94)

Jorgensen v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23787, *B                                                                                                                                     160(94)

Kean c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23957, *B                                                                                                                                                  536(94)

Kettle River Sawills Ltd. v. The Queen (F.C.A.), 23944, *B                                                                                                                     448(94)

Khan v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23947, *B                                                                                                                                              338(94)

Kibale c. La Reine (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 24082, *A                                                                                                                                               500(94)

Kinsella v. Solicitor General of Canada (Crim.)(Ont.), 24014, *B                                                                                                         516(94)

Kopen v. 61345 Manitoba Ltd. (Man.), 23498, *02 17.3.94                                                                                                                  940(93)                                               454(94)

Kreuzer v. The Queen (Alta.), 24067, *A                                                                                                                                                      498(94)

Kumar v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23975, *B                                                                                                                                            449(94)

L.D. c. G.R. (Qué.), 24033, *B                                                                                                                                                                           530(94)

L.M. c. L.L. (Qué.), 23829, *01 17.2.94                                                                                                                                                          2253(93)                                            239(94)

Laboratories Nordic Inc. c. Gagnon (Qué.), 23977, *05 30.3.94                                                                                                           405(94)                                               594(94)

Lahey v. Craig (N.B.), 23828, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                      2365(93)                                            350(94)

Laisa v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.W.T.), 23819, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                        2199(93)                                            15(94)

Lajoie v. The Queen (Ont.), 21436, *A                                                                                                                                                          975(89)

Lakeview National Hotels Inc. v. Assessor for the City of

   Winnipeg (Man.), 23999, *B                                                                                                                                                                  510(94)

Lee v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23831, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                                  2247(93)                                            347(94)

Leung v. Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (Alta.),

   24029, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      529(94)

Lewery v. Governing Council of the Salvation Army in Canada

   (N.B.), 23775, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                                       2048(93)                                            21(94)

Lewis v. The Queen (B.C.), 23802, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                          84(94)                                                 408(94)

Liberati v. Canada Employment and Immigration Commission

   (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23869, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                           2368(93)                                            352(94)

Lord v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23943, *B                                                                                                                                                271(94)

Loubier c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23969, *B                                                                                                                                              343(94)

Lunn v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23983, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                                             395(94)                                               557(94)

M.S. v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23848, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                               2251(93)                                            19(94)

MacCulloch v. Price Waterhouse Ltd. (N.S.), 23652, *B                                                                                                                          535(94)

MacGillivray v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23933, *B                                                                                                                                399(94)

MacKinlay v. MacKinlay (N.S.), 23783, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                2073(93)                                            220(94)

MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. v. Youell (B.C.), 23899, *B                                                                                                                                   344(94)

Maheu c. Ministère du Revenu national ((C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23873, *02

   24.3.94   169(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        551(94)

Mainland Sand & Gravel Ltd. v. Tutinka (B.C.), 24003, *B                                                                                                                    525(94)

Mangion v. The Queen (Alta.), 24061, *A                                                                                                                                                    497(94)

Manship Holdings Ltd. v. Muise (N.B.), 23941, *B                                                                                                                                   342(94)

Manson Insulation Inc. v. Wallace Construction Specialties Ltd.

   (Sask.), 23784, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                     2137(93)                                            220(94)

Manufacturers Life Insurance Co. v. Marystown Shipyard Ltd.

   (Nfld.), 23901, *B                                                                                                                                                                                       275(94)

Martin v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23761, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                                          270(94)                                               556(94)

Martin & Stewart Inc. v. Superintendent of Pensions (Nova Scotia)

   (N.S.), 24021, *B                                                                                                                                                                                         533(94)


Martselos Services Ltd. v. Arctic College (N.W.T.),

  24048, *B  543(94)

Mastercraft Properties Ltd. v. El Ef Investments Inc.

   (Ont.), 23827, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                                         2284(93)                                            172(94)

Mayer v. Mayer (B.C.), 23782, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                   2248(93)                                            348(94)

Mayfield Investments Ltd. v. Stewart (Alta.), 23739,

   *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                                   77(94)                                                 213(94)

McCain Foods Ltd. v. National Transportation Agency

   (F.C.A.)(N.B.),   23318, *B                                                                                                                                                                483(93)

Mercer v. The Queen (Crim.)(Nfld.), 23838, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                          2247(93)                                            348(94)

Merck & Co. v. Apotex Inc. (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23905, *B                                                                                                                              401(94)

Mercs v. Nanji (Alta.), 23497, *01 17.3.94                                                                                                                                                   939(93)                                               453(94)

Messinger v. Bramalea Ltd. (Ont.), 23797, *02 17.2.94                                                                                                                          2205(93)                                            238(94)

Michaud c. Procureur général du Québec (Qué.), 23764, *B                                                                                                                 2207(93)

Midland Seafoods Inc. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24045, *B                                                                                                             541(94)

Milad v. Milad (Ont.), 23976, *B                                                                                                                                                                     445(94)

Milk Board v. Grisnich (B.C.), 23927, *B                                                                                                                                                       346(94)

Mills v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23728, *B                                                                                                                                               1842(93)

Millstream Enterprises Ltd. v. Corporation of the City of New

   Westminster (B.C.), 23959, *B                                                                                                                                                              278(94)

Minister of Employment and Immigration v. Nguyen (F.C.A.)(Man.),

   23834, *01 17.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2204(93)                                            237(94)

Modes Cohoes Inc. c. Procureur général du Québec (Qué.),

   23929, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    451(94)                                               565(94)

Moisescu c. Garmaise (Qué.), 23949, *B                                                                                                                                                     511(94)

Moore v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23810, *03 17.2.94                                                                                                                          2198(93)                                            237(94)

Morgan v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23579, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                       76(94)                                                 548(94)

Morley v. Kalaka Housing Co-Operative Ltd. (Alta.),

   23997, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      448(94)

Moutisheva c. Solliciteur général du Canada (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23884, *01

   21.4.94   449(94)                                                                                                                                                                                        565(94)

Mowers v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23891, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                       200(94)                                               410(94)

Mumford v. Health Sciences Centre (F.C.A.)(Man.), 23715, *02 10.2.94                                                                                         1750(93)                                            217(94)

NTC Smokehouse Ltd. v. The Queen in right of the province

   of British Columbia (B.C.), 23800, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                 83(94)                                                 407(94)

Nassif c. Nassif (Qué.), 23836, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                 2210(93)                                            18(94)

National Automobile v. Wolverine Tube (Canada) Inc. (B.C.),

   23781, *01 17.3.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2245(93)                                            453(94)

National Party of Canada v. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

   (Alta.), 23726, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                                         2201(93)                                            170(94)

Naylor v. Naylor (Ont.), 23985, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                444(94)                                               560(94)

Neuzen v. Korn (B.C.), 23773, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                  2137(93)                                            221(94)

Neve v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23991, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                            503(94)                                               561(94)

Nicholson v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23821, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                      2133(93)                                            170(94)

Nikal v. The Queen in right of Canada (B.C.), 23804, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                       85(94)                                                 409(94)

No. 100 Sail View Ventures Ltd. v. Janwest Equities Ltd.

   (B.C.), 23965, *B                                                                                                                                                                                         514(94)

Noppers v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 24019, *B                                                                                                                                       518(94)

Norbert v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23952, *B                                                                                                                                         277(94)

O'Leary v. The Queen (N.B.), 23928, *B                                                                                                                                                      164(94)

Omineca Enterprises Ltd. v. Minister of Forests (B.C.),

   23939, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      345(94)

Ontario Homebuilders' Association v. York Region Board of

   Education (Ont.), 24085, *A                                                                                                                                                                    500(94)

Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan Board v. Hugh (Ont.),

   23720, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                       1944(93)                                            175(94)

Orlesky v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23888, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                       11(94)                                                 410(94)

Otto v. Hamilton & Olsen Surveys Ltd. (Alta.), 23840, *02

   3.3.94      2369(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      352(94)

Ouaknine c. Cohen (Qué.), 23858, *02 17.2.94                                                                                                                                          2371(93)                                            239(94)

P.L. v. Director of Child Welfare (Nfld.), 23886, *B                                                                                                                                   2293(93)

Pacificador v. Republic of the Philippines (Ont.),

   23792, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      204(94)


Partridge v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23995, *B                                                                                                                                       503(94)

Patrick Press Ltd. v. Pierre (B.C.), 23837, *A                                                                                                                                                2069(93)

Paulet v. Brandon University Faculty Association (Man.),

   22729, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      4(92)

Peace Valley Ranch Ltd. v. Coconut Grove Management &

   Development Corporation (Ont.), 23814, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                    2285(93)                                            172(94)

Pilon v. Bouaziz (B.C.), 23866, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                  513(94)                                               566(94)

Prinse v. Fraser Valley Foods (B.C.), 23859, *02 14.4.94                                                                                                                        87(94)                                                 559(94)

Procureur général du Québec c. Téléphones Guèvremont Inc.

   (Qué.), 23345, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      2139(93)                                            222(94)

Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada v.

   Senate of Canada (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23934, *B                                                                                                                                     276(94)

Quick v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23757, *B                                                                                                                                              273(94)

Quinn v. The Queen (B.C.), 24075, *A                                                                                                                                                           498(94)

R. v. Barrett (Crim.)(Ont.), 23749, *B                                                                                                                                                             2000(93)

R. v. Bernshaw (Crim.)(B.C.), 23748, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                      1999(93)                                            212(94)

R. v. C. A. M. (Crim.)(B.C.), 24027, *B                                                                                                                                                            530(94)

R. c. Charbonneau (Crim.)(Qué.), 23906, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                              207(94)                                               411(94)

R. c. Chevrier (Qué.), 23126, *A                                                                                                                                                                       2510(92)

R. c. Côté (Qué.), 23707, *03 3.3.94                                                                                                                                                               1799(93)                                            353(94)

R. v. Crown Forest Industries Ltd. (F.C.A.), 23940, *B                                                                                                                              399(94)

R. v. E. T. (Ont.), 24022, *B                                                                                                                                                                                520(94)

R. v. Giesecke (Crim.)(Ont.), 23772, *01 10.2.94                                                                                                                                       2134(93)                                            213(94)

R. c. Gosselin (Crim.)(Qué.), 23833, *B                                                                                                                                                         2290(93)

R. v. Hawkins (Crim.)(Ont.), 23913, *B                                                                                                                                                         161(94)

R. v. Hogben (B.C.), 24092, *A                                                                                                                                                                         499(94)

R. v. Houlahan (Crim.)(Man.), 23786, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                    2244(93)                                            214(94)

R. v. MacLeod (Crim.)(N.S.), 23722, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                                       1841(93)                                            20(94)

R. v. McIntosh (Crim.)(Ont.), 23843, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                      2284(93)                                            215(94)

R. v. Parks (Crim.)(Ont.), 23860, *B                                                                                                                                                                273(94)

R. v. Perry (Crim.)(N.B.), 23910, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                                                               86(94)                                                 559(94)

R. v. Pontes (Crim.)(B.C.), 24020, *B                                                                                                                                                              536(94)

R. v. Province of Alberta Treasury Branches (Alta.),

   24056, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      496(94)

R. v. R.H.J. (Crim.)(B.C.), 23972, *01 14.4.94                                                                                                                                               270(94)                                               557(94)

R. v. Sylliboy (Crim.)(N.S.), 21929, *A                                                                                                                                                            1015(90)

R. v. Ubhi (B.C.), 24087, *A                                                                                                                                                                               500(94)

R. in right of Ontario v. Kansa General Insurance Co.

   (Ont.), 24055, *A                                                                                                                                                                                        496(94)

R. in right of Ontario v. Prete (Ont.), 23973, *B                                                                                                                                          505(94)

The Queen in right of the province of  British Columbia v.

   Delgamuukw (B.C.), 23799, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                                           82(94)                                                 548(94)

R. in right of the province of New Brunswick v. Coopers &

   Lybrand Ltd. (N.B.), 23740, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                             2001(93)                                            219(94)

R.B. c. G.F. (Qué.), 23953, *B                                                                                                                                                                            280(94)

R.C.D. v. B.B.D. (Alta.), 23937, *B                                                                                                                                                                   450(94)

Rasanen v. Rosemount Instruments (Ont.), 24084, *A                                                                                                                           500(94)

Redpath Industries Ltd. v. The Ship ("Cisco") (F.C.A.),

   24006, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      518(94)

Regional Assessment Commissioner v. Graham (Ont.), 23904, *B                                                                                                    444(94)

Regional Municipality of Peel v. Andani (Ont.), 23823, *02

   3.3.94      2288(93)                                                                                                                                                                                      350(94)

Rhymer v. The Queen (B.C.), 23732, *05 12.4.94                                                                                                                                     594(94)                                               594(94)

Richardson v. Avery (B.C.), 24034, *B                                                                                                                                                           545(94)

Riendeau c. Economical Compagnie mutuelle d'assurance

   (Qué.), 23902, *02 10.3.94                                                                                                                                                                      209(94)                                               411(94)

Rizzo v. Hanover Insurance Co. (Ont.), 23769, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                     2136(93)                                            174(94)

Robinson v. Laushway (Ont.), 24024, *B                                                                                                                                                     522(94)

Rose v. Mitton (N.S.), 24058, *B                                                                                                                                                                     543(94)

Roy c. Corporation municipale de St-Jules, Cté Beauce (Qué.),

   23918, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                    209(94)                                               564(94)

Royal Bank of Canada v. Mitsui & Co. (Canada) Ltd. (N.S.),

   23914, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      341(94)


S. (Compton Winston) v. The Queen (Ont.), 23477, *A                                                                                                                           561(93)

SDC Sterling Development Corporation v. Katz (Ont.), 23897, *B                                                                                                     526(94)

Sagharichi v. Minister of Employment and Immigration

   (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23826, *01 17.2.94                                                                                                                                                        2203(93)                                            237(94)

Saint-Laurent c. Hétu (Crim.)(Qué.), 23982, *B                                                                                                                                         402(94)

Salois c. Ville de Montréal (Crim.)(Qué.), 23785, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                               2075(93)                                            92(94)

Samsoondar v. Minister of Employment and Immigration

   (F.C.A.)(Man.), 23900, *01 10.3.94                                                                                                                                                      76(94)                                                 406(94)

Saskatchewan Power Corporation v. Bighetty (Man.), 24026, *B                                                                                                      539(94)

Schachtschneider v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23698, *B                                                                                                                     1747(93)

Schwartz v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 24093, *A                                                                                                                                      499(94)

Scott v. Morrow (Ont.), 23798, *02 21.4.94                                                                                                                                                 87(94)                                                 562(94)

Scottish & York Insurance Co. v. Co-Operators General

   Insurance Co. (Ont.), 23841, *B                                                                                                                                                            204(94)

Seafarers' International Union of Canada v. Canada Labour

   Relations Board (F.C.A.), 23696, *02 10.2.94                                                                                                                                   1558(93)                                            217(94)

Sept-Îles (Ville de) c. Lussier (Qué.), 23825, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                           2208(93)                                            176(94)

Sequa Chemicals Inc. v. United Color and Chemical Ltd.

   (F.C.A)(Ont.), 24005, *B                                                                                                                                                                           509(94)

Service Special de vidanges Inc. c. Régie intermunicipale

   de gestion des déchets de la Mauricie (Qué.), 24081, *A                                                                                                            499(94)

Services M.L. Marengère Inc. c. Corporation de la copropriété La Caserne

   (Qué.), 23681, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                                                      2252(93)                                            19(94)

Shaw Cable Systems British Columbia Ltd. v. British Columbia

   Telephone Co. (F.C.A.), 23717, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                      1943(93)                                            218(94)

Shore Boat Builders Ltd. v. Moses (B.C.), 23868, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                 8(94)                                                    353(94)

Shulman v. McCallum (B.C.), 23767, *05 28.2.94                                                                                                                                     1937(93)                                            365(94)

Sinclair v. Sinclair (Ont.), 24089, *A                                                                                                                                                                500(94)

Singh v. University of Western Ontario (Ont.), 23883, *B                                                                                                                      275(94)

Siska Indian Band v. Canadian Pacific Ltd. (F.C.A.),

   23643, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      1312(93)

Sivakumar v. Minister of Employment and Immigration

   (F.C.A)(Ont.), 23962, *B                                                                                                                                                                           339(94)

Skender v. Anderson (B.C.), 23750, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                                        2003(93)                                            21(94)

Skinner v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 24007, *B                                                                                                                                        521(94)

Smith (Kenneth Benjamin) v. Filmer (Crim.)(B.C.), 23366, *B                                                                                                              2202(93)

Société canadienne d'indemnisation pour les assurances de

   personnes c. Services de santé du Québec (Qué.),

   23746, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      2369(93)

Sohrabian v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23835, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                      2246(93)                                            347(94)

Sowa v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23806, *01 13.1.94                                                                                                                          2071(93)                                            14(94)

St. Denis v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23895, *01 24.3.94                                                                                                                     80(94)                                                 550(94)

St. Joseph's Hospital v. Lahey (N.B.), 23828, *02 3.3.94                                                                                                                         2366(93)                                            350(94)

Starzecki v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23935, *01 21.4.94                                                                                                                   271(94)                                               560(94)

Steinberg Inc. c. Cavendish Shopping Center Co. (Qué.),

   24064, *A                                                                                                                                                                                                      498(94)

Stewart v. Mayfield Investments Ltd. (Alta.), 23739, *B                                                                                                                        540(94)

Strickland v. Ermel (Sask.), 23864, *B                                                                                                                                                           205(94)

Tardi c. Banque nationale du Canada (Qué.), 23872, *A                                                                                                                        2358(93)

Telecommunications Workers' Union v. Canadian Radio-television

   and Telecommunications Commission (F.C.A.), 23778, *03 10.2.94                                                                                        2131(93)                                            219(94)

Téléphone Guévremont Inc. c. Procureur général du Québec

   (Qué.), 23345, *03 10.2.94                                                                                                                                                                      2139(93)                                            222(94)

Tempelaar v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23909, *B                                                                                                                                   201(94)

Teodorescu c. La Reine (C.A.F.)(Qué.), 23917, *01 31.3.94                                                                                                                   80(94)                                                 554(94)

Terrasses Zarolega Inc. c. Régie des installations olympiques

   (Qué.), 24042, *B                                                                                                                                                                                       546(94)

Terrie's Plumbing & Heating Ltd. v. Grosvenor Fine Furniture

   (1982) Ltd. (Sask.), 23818, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                                                 2286(93)                                            171(94)

Thomas v. The Queen (Crim.)(Sask.), 23879, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                                        7(94)                                                    352(94)

Thornbury-Cook v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24052, *A                                                                                                                        495(94)

Thornhurst Corporation v. Harvey Hubbell Canada Inc. (Ont.),

   23743, *02 20.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                    2002(93)                                            22(94)


Tierney-Hynes v. Hynes (Man.), 23930, *B                                                                                                                                                343(94)

Timpson v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(Ont.), 23754, *02 3.2.94                                                                                                                        2047(93)                                            170(94)

Toronto-Dominion Bank v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters

   and Joiners of America, Local 785 (Ont.), 23752, *02 27.1.94                                                                                                    2050(93)                                            91(94)

Tousignant c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23955, *01 31.3.94                                                                                                                     166(94)                                               555(94)

Tran v. The Queen (N.S.), 23224, *A                                                                                                                                                              2325(92)

Van Boeyen v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23805, *B                                                                                                                                 2364(93)

Van Der Peet v. The Queen (B.C.), 23803, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                           85(93)                                                 408(94)

Vezina v. CTV Television Network (Ont.), 23881, *B                                                                                                                               277(94)

Victor c. 134154 Canada Inc. (Qué.), 23820, *02 13.1.94                                                                                                                       2207(93)                                            17(94)

Vigeant c. Langlois (Qué.), 24016/17, *A                                                                                                                                                     442(94)

Vout v. Hay (Ont.), 24009, *B                                                                                                                                                                          524(94)

Waddell v. United States of America (Crim.)(B.C.),

   23925, *05 2.2.94                                                                                                                                                                                       159(94)                                               183(94)

Waddell v. United States of America (Crim.)(B.C.),

   23925, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      513(94)

Wade v. Brewer (N.B.), 23964, *B                                                                                                                                                                  400(94)

Walker (Elizabeth Rebecca) v. Bank of New York Inc.

   (Ont.), 24057, *A                                                                                                                                                                                        496(94)

Walker (Thomas P.) v. Government of Prince Edward Island

   (P.E.I.), 23861, *B                                                                                                                                                                                       274(94)

Walz v. Hayre (B.C.), 23043, *02 24.3.94                                                                                                                                                     2301(92)                                            552(94)

Watson v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23875, *05 22.3.94                                                                                                                       594(94)                                               594(94)

Webster v. The Queen (P.E.I.), 23948, *A                                                                                                                                                    75(94)

Wheatle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23970, *B                                                                                                                                        269(94)

Whitley v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23890, *03 10.3.94                                                                                                                        200(94)                                               409(94)

Wijesinha v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 24015, *B                                                                                                                                     516(94)

Winder v. Review Panel under Mental Health Act, (B.C.), 24080, *A                                                                                                499(94)

Wisotzki v. Bannon (Ont.), 23823, *A                                                                                                                                                            2065(93)

Workers' Compensation Board v. Husky Oil Operations Ltd.

   (Sask.), 23936, *B                                                                                                                                                                                      398(94)

Y.L. v. Children's Aid Society of Halifax (N.S.), 23680, *01 3.3.94                                                                                                        2249(93)                                            349(94)

Young v. Attorney General for Newfoundland (Nfld.),

   23893, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      342(94)

Yukon Human Rights Commission v. Yukon Order of Pioneers (Yuk.),

   23584, *B                                                                                                                                                                                                      81(94)

Zabukovec v. Zabukovec (Ont.), 23946, *02 15.3.94                                                                                                                              502(94)                                               548(94)

Zurmati v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23668, *01 3.2.94                                                                                                                          2003(93)                                            175(94)


This index includes appeals standing for judgment at the beginning of 1994 and all appeals heard in 1994 up to now.

 

Cet index comprend les pourvois en délibéré au début de 1994 et tous ceux entendus en 1994 jusqu'à maintenant.

                                                                                                                                               *01 dismissed/rejeté

*02 dismissed with costs/rejeté avec dépens

*03 allowed/accueilli

*04 allowed with costs/accueilli avec dépens

*05 discontinuance/désistement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Hearing/             Judgment/

CASE/AFFAIRE                                                                            Audition                               Jugement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Page

                                                                                                                                               Air Products Canada Ltd. v. Schmidt (Alta.), 23047                                                            2225(93)

Antosko v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(N.B.), 23282                                                                                                                                        190(94)

Arcangioli v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23380, *03 27.1.94                                                                                                             2090(93)                                            105(94)

Attorney General of Canada v. Attorney General of British Columbia

   (B.C.), 22758                                                                                                                                                                                         2226(93)

Bartle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23623                                                                                                                                             370(94)

Bois c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), *01 16.3.94                                                                                                                                           464(94)                                               464(94)

Branch v. British Columbia Securities Commission (Crim.)(B.C.),

   22978                                                                                                                                                                                                      368(94)

British Columbia Securities Commission v. Pezim (B.C.), 23113                                                                                                   366(94)

Brown v. The Queen in right of the province of

   British Columbia (B.C.), 22946, *02 17.3.94                                                                                                                               2058(93)                                            466(94)

C.M. v. Catholic Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto

   (Ont.), 23644                                                                                                                                                                                         2274(93)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Canada Labour Relations

   Board (Ont.), 23142                                                                                                                                                                            461(94)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. Dagenais (Ont.), 23403                                                                                                   100(94)

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation v. The Queen (Sask.), 23596                                                                                              100(94)

Colarusso v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 22433, *01 26.1.94                                                                                                             687(93)                                               103(94)

Comité paritaire de l'industrie de la chemise c. Potash

   (Qué.), *03 27.1.94                                                                                                                                                                              185(94)                                               185(94)

Cunningham v. Wheeler (B.C.), 22867, *03 La Forest, L'Heureux-

   Dubé and McLachlin JJ. are dissenting in part 17.3.94                                                                                                           2025(93)                                            466(94)

Daviault c. La Reine (Crim.)(Qué.), 23435                                                                                                                                            231(94)

Dickson v. The Queen (Crim.)(Yuk.), 23580 *01 2.2.94                                                                                                                    190(94)                                               231(94)

Dunphy Leasing Enterprises Ltd. v. Bank of Nova Scotia

   (Alta.), 22819, *02 18.3.94                                                                                                                                                                596(94)                                               596(94)

Farinacci v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23059, *03 L'Heureux-Dubé,

   Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 17.3.94                                                                                                                          2060(93)                                            467(94)

Finta v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23097, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé

   and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 24.3.94                                                                                                                                            1157(93)                                            598(94)

Gagnon v. Lucas (Ont.), 23445                                                                                                                                                                 289(94)

Galaske v. Stauffer (B.C.), 23109, *03 Sopinka and Major JJ. dissenting

   14.4.94                                                                                                                                                                                                    2272(93)                                            598(94)

Gibney v. Gilliland (B.C.), 23159, *02 22.2.94                                                                                                                                      290(94)                                               290(94)

Grand Council of the Crees (of Quebec) c. Hydro-Québec (F.C.A.)(Qué.),

   22705, *03 24.2.94                                                                                                                                                                              1832(93)                                            292(94)

Harper v. The Queen (Crim.)(Man.), 23160                                                                                                                                         370(94)

Hodgkinson v. Simms (B.C.), 23033                                                                                                                                                        2273(93)

Howard v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 22999                                                                                                                                         291(94)

Hydro Electric Commission of the Town of Kenora v. Vacationland

   Dairy Co-operative Ltd. (Ont.), 22947, *02 Lamer C.J. and La Forest,

   McLachlin and Iacobucci JJ. dissenting 27.1.94                                                                                                                         1772(93)                                            104(94)

In the Matter of a Reference in Respect of the Quebec Sales

   Tax (Qué.), 23690                                                                                                                                                                               2275(93)

International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union v.

   The Queen (B.C.), 23306, *02 31.1.94                                                                                                                                          187(94)                                               187(94)

Jeffreys v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23061, *03 L'Heureux-Dubé,


   Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 17.3.94                                                                                                                          2060(93)                                            467(94)

Jensen v. Tolofson (B.C.), 22980                                                                                                                                                               289(94)

Jobin v. The Queen (Crim.)(Alta.), 23190                                                                                                                                               368(94)

Jones v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23157                                                                                                                                               1830(93)

Lépine v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23026, *03 L'Heureux-Dubé,

   Gonthier and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 17.3.94                                                                                                                          2060(93)                                            467(94)

Maritime Life Assurance Co. v. Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd.

   (Alta.), 23194                                                                                                                                                                                        461(94)

McNee v. Shanks (B.C.), 22863, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-

   Dubé and McLachin JJ. dissenting in part 17.3.94                                                                                                                    2025(93)                                            466(94)

Miller v. Cooper (B.C.), 22860, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-

   Dubé and McLachlin JJ. are dissenting in part 17.3.94                                                                                                           2025(93)                                            466(94)

Ministre du Revenu du Québec c. Arcuri (Qué.), 22989                                                                                                                   1772(93)

Miron v. Trudel (Ont.), 22744, adjourned to the next term                                                                                                             1833(93)

Mobil Oil Canada Ltd. v. Canada-Newfoundland Offshore

   Petroleum Board (Nfld.), 22948, *01 24.2.94                                                                                                                             2224(93)                                            292(94)

Nagra v. The Queen (Crim.)(B.C.), 23582, *03 15.3.94                                                                                                                     462(94)                                               462(94)

Peat Marwick Thorne Inc. v. Director of Maintenance Enforcement

   (Alta.), 23273                                                                                                                                                                                        191(94)

Pittman v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23436, *01 28.1.94                                                                                                                  186(94)                                               186(94)

Pozniak v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23642                                                                                                                                          370(94)

Primeau v. The Queen (Crim.)(Sask.), 23613                                                                                                                                       368(94)

Prosper v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), 23178                                                                                                                                           370(94)

R. v. Burns (Crim.)(B.C.), 23115, *03 14.4.94                                                                                                                                        101(94)                                               599(94)

R. v. Chartrand (Crim.)(Ont.), 23340                                                                                                                                                       462(94)

R. v. Finta (Crim.)(Ont.), 23023, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé

   and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 24.3.94                                                                                                                                            1157(93)                                            598(94)

R. v. M.B.P. (Crim.)(Ont.), 23088, *01 La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé

   and McLachlin JJ. dissenting 14.4.94                                                                                                                                            2089(93)                                            598(94)

R. v. Matheson (Crim.)(P.E.I.), 23312                                                                                                                                                      370(94)

R. v. Mohan (Crim.)(Ont.), 23063                                                                                                                                                             2059(93)

R. v. Native Women's Association of Canada (Ont.), 23253                                                                                                          421(94)

R. c. Pétel (Crim.)(Qué.), 23424, *01 La Forest,

   L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and Major JJ. dissenting

   20.1.94                                                                                                                                                                                                    2025(93)                                            43(94)

R. v. Power (Crim.)(Nfld.), 23566, *03 Sopinka, Cory and Major JJ.

   dissenting 14.4.94                                                                                                                                                                               2272(93)                                            599(94)

Richard B. v. Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto

   (Ont.), 23298, *01 17.3.94                                                                                                                                                                464(94)                                               595(94)

Richardson c. La Reine (Crim.)(N.-B.), 23413, 01 4.2.94                                                                                                                   232(94)                                               232(94)

S. v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23581                                                                                                                                                      368(94)

Schmidt v. Air Products Canada Ltd. (Alta.), 23057                                                                                                                            2225(93)

Shanks v. McNee (B.C.), 22863, *03 La Forest, L'Heureux-

   Dubé and McLachlin JJ. dissenting in part 17.3.94                                                                                                                   2025(93)                                            466(94)

Shell Canada Products Ltd. v. City of Vancouver (B.C.),

   22789, *03 Lamer C.J. and L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier and

   McLachlin JJ. dissenting 24.2.94                                                                                                                                                     897(93)                                               292(94)

Superintendent of Brokers v. Pezim (B.C.), 23107                                                                                                                             366(94)

Swinamer v. Attorney General of Nova Scotia (N.S.), 22915, *01 17.3.94                                                                                2058(93)                                            446(94)

Syndicat de l'enseignement de Champlain c. Commission scolaire

   régionale de Chambly (Qué.), 23188                                                                                                                                           188(94)

Thomson v. Thomson (Man.), 23794, *01 26.1.94                                                                                                                             102(94)                                               184(94)

Toneguzzo-Norvell v. Savein (B.C.), 23195, *03 in part 27.1.94                                                                                                    2022(93)                                            104(94)

Tran v. The Queen (Crim.)(N.S.), *03 25.2.94                                                                                                                                       367(94)                                               367(94)

Trzop v. The Queen (F.C.A.)(N.B.), 23283/84                                                                                                                                      190(94)

Whittle v. The Queen (Crim.)(Ont.), 23466                                                                                                                                           367(94)

Willick v. Willick (Sask.), 23141                                                                                                                                                                 463(94)

Willmor Discount Corporation c. Ville de Vaudreuil (Qué.),

   23220                                                                                                                                                                                                      189(94)

Zeitel v. Ellscheid (Ont.), 22792                                                                                                                                                                188(94)



                                            APPEALS INSCRIBED FOR

                                       HEARING AT THE SESSION OF

                                           THE SUPREME COURT OF

                                               CANADA, BEGINNING

                                            MONDAY, APRIL 25, 1994

 

                                           APPELS INSCRITS POUR

                                   AUDITION À LA SESSION DE LA

                                     COUR SUPRÊME DU CANADA

                                         COMMENÇANT LE LUNDI

                                                     25 AVRIL 1994


 

 



DEADLINES: MOTIONS

 

 

DÉLAIS: REQUÊTES

 


                                                                                                                                              


BEFORE THE COURT:

 

Pursuant to Rule 23.1 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada, the following deadlines must be met before a motion before the Court can be heard:

 

DEVANT LA COUR:

 

Conformément à l'article 23.1 des Règles de la Cour suprême du Canada, les délais suivants doivent être respectés pour qu'une requête soit entendue par la Cour:

 

 

 


 

 

 


Motion day                   :                May 2, 1994

 

Service                              :                   April 11, 1994

Filing                                  :                   April 18, 1994

Respondent                    :                   April 25, 1994

 

Audience du                :                   2 mai 1994

 

Signification                    :                   11 avril 1994

Dépot                                :                   18 avril 1994

Intimé                               :                   25 avril 1994

 

 

 

 


Motion day                   :                June 6, 1994

 

Service                              :                   May 16, 1994

Filing                                  :                   May 23, 1994

Respondent                    :                   May 30, 1994

 

 

Audience du                :                   6 juin 1994

 

Signification                    :                   16 mai 1994

Dépot                                :                   23 mai 1994

Intimé                               :                   30 mai 1994

 

 

 

 




DEADLINES:  APPEALS

 

 

DÉLAIS:  APPELS


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             


 

The next session of the Supreme Court of Canada commences on April 25, 1994. 

 

 

La prochaine session de la Cour suprême du Canada débute le 25 avril 1994.

 

 

 

Pursuant to the Supreme Court Act and Rules, the following requirements for filing must be complied with before an appeal will be inscribed and set down for hearing:

 

Conformément à la Loi sur la Cour suprême et aux Règles, il faut se conformer aux exigences suivantes avant qu'un appel puisse être inscrit pour audition:

 

 

 

Case on appeal must be filed within three months of the filing of the notice of appeal.

 

Le dossier d'appel doit être déposé dans les trois mois du dépôt de l'avis d'appel.

 

 

 

Appellant 's factum must be filed within five months of the filing of the notice of appeal.

 

Le mémoire de l'appelant doit être déposé dans les cinq mois du dépôt de l'avis d'appel.

 

 

 

Respondent's factum must be filed within eight weeks of the date of service of the appellant's factum.

 

Le mémoire de l'intimé doit être déposé dans les huit semaines suivant la signification de celui de l'appelant.

 

 

 


Intervener's factum must be filed within two weeks of the date of service of the respondent's factum.

 

 

Le mémoire de l'intervenant doit être déposé dans les deux semaines suivant la signification de celui de l'intimé.

 


The Registrar shall inscribe the appeal for hearing upon the filing of the respondent's factum or after the expiry of the time for filing the respondent's factum

 

Le registraire inscrit l'appel pour audition après le dépôt du mémoire de l'intimé ou à l'expiration du délai de signification du mémoire de l'intimé.

 

 

 

The Registrar shall enter on a list all appeals inscribed for hearing at the April 1994 Session on March 1, 1994.

 

Le 1 mars 1994, le registraire met au rôle de la session d'avril 1994 tous les appels inscrits pour audition.

 

 

 


 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       



SUPREME COURT REPORTS

 

RECUEIL DES ARRÊTS DE LA COUR SUPRÊME


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 



THE STYLES OF CAUSE IN THE PRESENT TABLE ARE THE STANDARDIZED STYLES OF CAUSE (AS EXPRESSED UNDER THE "INDEXED AS" ENTRY IN EACH CASE).

 

Judgments reported in [1993] 4 S.C.R., Part 3

 

Allard Contractors Ltd. v. Coquitlam (District), [1993] 4 S.C.R. 371

 

R. v. I. (L.R.) et T. (E.), [1993] 4 S.C.R. 504

 

R. v. L. (D.O.), [1993] 4 S.C.R. 419

 

R. v. Levogiannis, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 475

 

R. v. McAnespie, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 501

 

R. v. Moran, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 499

 

United States of America v. Doyer, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 497

 

 

LES INTITULÉS UTILISÉS DANS CETTE TABLE SONT LES INTITULÉS NORMALISÉS DE LA RUBRIQUE "RÉPERTORIÉ" DANS CHAQUE ARRÊT.

 

Jugements publiés dans [1993] 4 R.C.S., partie 3

 

Allard Contractors Ltd. c. Coquitlam (District), [1993] 4 R.C.S. 371

 

États-Unis d'Amérique c. Doyer, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 497

 

R. c. I. (L.R.) et T. (E.), [1993] 4 R.C.S. 504

 

R. c. L. (D.O.), [1993] 4 R.C.S. 419

 

R. c. Levogiannis, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 475

 

R. c. McAnespie, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 501

 

R. c. Moran, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 499

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



Judgments reported in [1993] 4 S.C.R., Part 4

 

R. v. Jackson, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 573

 

R. v. Osolin, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 595

 

R. v. Tapaquon, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 535

 

 

Jugements publiés dans [1993] 4 R.C.S., partie 4

 

R. c. Jackson, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 573

 

R. c. Osolin, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 595

 

R. c. Tapaquon, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 535

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



 

Judgments reported in [1993] 4 S.C.R., Part 5

 

R. v. Rowbotham; R. v. Roblin, [1993] 4 S.C.R.   834

 

Symes v. Canada, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 695

 

 

 

Jugements publiés dans [1993] 4 R.C.S., partie 5

 

R. c. Rowbotham; R. c. Roblin, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 834

 

Symes c. Canada, [1993] 4 R.C.S. 695

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 



Judgments reported in [1994] 1 S.C.R., Part 1

 

International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union -- Canada Area Local 500 v. Canada, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 150

 

Kenora (Town) Hydro Electric Commission v. Vacationland Dairy Co-operative Ltd., [1994] 1 S.C.R. 80

 

R. v. Arcangioli, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 129

 

R. v. Colarusso, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 20

 

R. v. Dickson, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 153

 

R. v. Pétel, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 3

 

R. v. Pittman, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 148

 

R. v. Richardson, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 155

 

Toneguzzo-Norvell (Guardian ad litem of) v. Burnaby Hospital, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 114

 

Jugements publiés dans [1994] 1 R.C.S., partie 1

 

Commission hydro-électrique de Kenora (ville) c. Vacationland Dairy Co-operative Ltd., [1994] 1 R.C.S. 80

 

R. c. Arcangioli, [1994] 1 R.C.S. 129

 

R. c. Colarusso, [1994] 1 R.C.S. 20

 

R. c. Dickson, [1994] 1 R.C.S. 153

 

R. c. Pétel, [1994] 1 R.C.S. 3

 

R. c. Pittman, [1994] 1 R.C.S. 148

 

R. c. Richardson, [1994] 1 R.C.S. 155

 

Syndicat international des débardeurs et magasiniers -- Canada, section locale 500 c. Canada, [1994] 1 R.C.S. 150

 

Toneguzzo-Norvell (Tutrice à l'instance de) c. Burnaby Hospital, [1994] 1 R.C.S. 114

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

 


 Vous allez être redirigé vers la version la plus récente de la loi, qui peut ne pas être la version considérée au moment où le jugement a été rendu.